estimating the import demand function of petroleum exporting
... all countries under consideration, oil price fluctuations do not directly influence GPD, but indirectly and through other economic variables influence GPD. Kunadv and García (2005) studied the effect of oil shocks on economic activities and consumer price index for six Asian countries from 1975 to 2 ...
... all countries under consideration, oil price fluctuations do not directly influence GPD, but indirectly and through other economic variables influence GPD. Kunadv and García (2005) studied the effect of oil shocks on economic activities and consumer price index for six Asian countries from 1975 to 2 ...
Realignment of the Yen-Dollar Exchange Rate: Aspects of the
... since the advent of floating. (See Manuel Johnson and Bonnie Loopesko 1987 for an overview of the yen-dollar relationship during the floating exchange rate period.) In light of Japan’s record external surpluses, it is widely agreed that the yen was substantially undervalued in early 1985 when it beg ...
... since the advent of floating. (See Manuel Johnson and Bonnie Loopesko 1987 for an overview of the yen-dollar relationship during the floating exchange rate period.) In light of Japan’s record external surpluses, it is widely agreed that the yen was substantially undervalued in early 1985 when it beg ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Dan Liu Christopher M. Meissner
... production. If this is true, then greater international trade should be associated with higher real incomes. Clemens and Williamson (2004) argue for an interaction between tariffs and other national characteristics. A positive link between tariffs and growth is evident in the 18701913 data but typi ...
... production. If this is true, then greater international trade should be associated with higher real incomes. Clemens and Williamson (2004) argue for an interaction between tariffs and other national characteristics. A positive link between tariffs and growth is evident in the 18701913 data but typi ...
Ten Years of EMU: convergence, divergence and new policy priorities
... oversized government deficit. In other cases, CA deficits are explained by the intensive investment to enhance supply-side capacity especially in periods of transition, as for example in the emerging markets of Eastern Europe. Aristovnik (2006) finds that as potential domestic output exceeds the cu ...
... oversized government deficit. In other cases, CA deficits are explained by the intensive investment to enhance supply-side capacity especially in periods of transition, as for example in the emerging markets of Eastern Europe. Aristovnik (2006) finds that as potential domestic output exceeds the cu ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... since the advent of floating. (See Manuel Johnson and Bonnie Loopesko 1987 for an overview of the yen-dollar relationship during the floating exchange rate period.) In light of Japan’s record external surpluses, it is widely agreed that the yen was substantially undervalued in early 1985 when it beg ...
... since the advent of floating. (See Manuel Johnson and Bonnie Loopesko 1987 for an overview of the yen-dollar relationship during the floating exchange rate period.) In light of Japan’s record external surpluses, it is widely agreed that the yen was substantially undervalued in early 1985 when it beg ...
A. Electronic Commerce and the Multilateral Trading System
... policies to minimize tariff and non-tariff barriers (including duty free treatment of electronic transmissions) as well as a liberal structure of government regulations would assist the process, that investment was attracted by hospitable policy environments where competition led to growth and gover ...
... policies to minimize tariff and non-tariff barriers (including duty free treatment of electronic transmissions) as well as a liberal structure of government regulations would assist the process, that investment was attracted by hospitable policy environments where competition led to growth and gover ...
East Asia Integration and ASEAN Economic Integration: Implication
... Among ASEAN+1 FTAs, ASEAN-China FTA has the largest impact on Cambodia’s economy increasing real GDP by 8.3 percentage point; The results also suggests that economic gains arise from increase in volume of international trade due to lower barrier in trade in goods and services, and increase in invest ...
... Among ASEAN+1 FTAs, ASEAN-China FTA has the largest impact on Cambodia’s economy increasing real GDP by 8.3 percentage point; The results also suggests that economic gains arise from increase in volume of international trade due to lower barrier in trade in goods and services, and increase in invest ...
Philip R. Lane IIIS, Trinity College Dublin and CEPR
... be interpreted as a multi-faceted institutional anchor for (actual and prospective) member countries. Through the adoption of the acquis communautaire, a member country enters into a long series of commitments that ties its hands in terms of legislative and regulatory frameworks. Moreover, the deep- ...
... be interpreted as a multi-faceted institutional anchor for (actual and prospective) member countries. Through the adoption of the acquis communautaire, a member country enters into a long series of commitments that ties its hands in terms of legislative and regulatory frameworks. Moreover, the deep- ...
Globalisation, Jobs and Wages
... It is sometimes asserted that foreign competition – especially from China and other labour-rich emerging economies – will drive most jobs in high-wage countries out of the tradable sector and into the non-tradable sector. The shift out of manufacturing into services is sometimes taken as an indicati ...
... It is sometimes asserted that foreign competition – especially from China and other labour-rich emerging economies – will drive most jobs in high-wage countries out of the tradable sector and into the non-tradable sector. The shift out of manufacturing into services is sometimes taken as an indicati ...
Latin America and the Rising South: Changing World, Changing
... exchange rate foreign direct investment foreign value added gross domestic product global value chain Group of Seven interest rate Latin America and the Caribbean mergers and acquisitions Middle East and North Africa South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa ...
... exchange rate foreign direct investment foreign value added gross domestic product global value chain Group of Seven interest rate Latin America and the Caribbean mergers and acquisitions Middle East and North Africa South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa ...
Umer-Khalid-final - Lahore School of Economics
... Trade to GDP ratios measured in nominal terms, however, are highly sensitive to movements in real exchange rates. A depreciation in the real exchange rate of a country would increase its trade to GDP ratio as it would lead to higher prices of exports and imports relative to the GDP price deflator an ...
... Trade to GDP ratios measured in nominal terms, however, are highly sensitive to movements in real exchange rates. A depreciation in the real exchange rate of a country would increase its trade to GDP ratio as it would lead to higher prices of exports and imports relative to the GDP price deflator an ...
View/Open
... What seem to be shifts in the supply and demand curves for the importing country will result in an actual increase (shift to the right) in the import demand curve (fig. 5). The rotation in the import demand curve is illustrated in the center panel of figure 5. There will be a greater vertical differ ...
... What seem to be shifts in the supply and demand curves for the importing country will result in an actual increase (shift to the right) in the import demand curve (fig. 5). The rotation in the import demand curve is illustrated in the center panel of figure 5. There will be a greater vertical differ ...
Wages delayed or suspended
... Our findings reveal that trade union members in CEE countries have been less likely than nonmembers to lose their jobs, which is consistent with the role of trade unions as protective institutions that can shield their members from the adverse effects of the crisis. At the same time, union members h ...
... Our findings reveal that trade union members in CEE countries have been less likely than nonmembers to lose their jobs, which is consistent with the role of trade unions as protective institutions that can shield their members from the adverse effects of the crisis. At the same time, union members h ...
Dynamics of Budget Deficit and Macroeconomic Fundamentals
... macroeconomic variables. They argue that budget deficits lead to higher interest rates, discourages the issue of private bonds, private investments, and private spending, increases inflation level, and cause a similar increase in the current account deficits and finally slows the growth of the econo ...
... macroeconomic variables. They argue that budget deficits lead to higher interest rates, discourages the issue of private bonds, private investments, and private spending, increases inflation level, and cause a similar increase in the current account deficits and finally slows the growth of the econo ...
Votes and Vetoes: The Political Determinants of
... While autocrats can more easily change policy than democratic leaders, regardless of how concentrated authority is in a democracy, autocrats depend on a narrower set of groups for political power than their democratic counterparts. This set of groups is less likely to base their political support on ...
... While autocrats can more easily change policy than democratic leaders, regardless of how concentrated authority is in a democracy, autocrats depend on a narrower set of groups for political power than their democratic counterparts. This set of groups is less likely to base their political support on ...
Notes on the Stability Program for 2016 - 2020
... GDP is projected to grow 1.8% in 2016-17, supported by a sustained recovery of domestic demand, in particular private consumption and investment. Net external demand continues posting a negative contribution, as import growth still outpaces export growth. Nevertheless, exports growth is expected to ...
... GDP is projected to grow 1.8% in 2016-17, supported by a sustained recovery of domestic demand, in particular private consumption and investment. Net external demand continues posting a negative contribution, as import growth still outpaces export growth. Nevertheless, exports growth is expected to ...
Chapter 9
... • Let’s first define the trade balance- measures the difference between exports and imports of goods and services – Trade deficit: negative trade balance • In 2008, the U.S. had a trade deficit of $695.0 billion ...
... • Let’s first define the trade balance- measures the difference between exports and imports of goods and services – Trade deficit: negative trade balance • In 2008, the U.S. had a trade deficit of $695.0 billion ...
The Significance of Switzerland`s Enormous Current
... Firms have preferred to distribute dividends or to strengthen their balance sheets by paying down debt. In so doing they may have made themselves attractive targets for future foreign takeovers, particularly by private equity firms. Because Switzerland has run such persistent surpluses on its curren ...
... Firms have preferred to distribute dividends or to strengthen their balance sheets by paying down debt. In so doing they may have made themselves attractive targets for future foreign takeovers, particularly by private equity firms. Because Switzerland has run such persistent surpluses on its curren ...
OCR Economics: Macroeconomics 1
... growth of about 2.2% each year. This has not been an even trend as the trade cycle, also known as the business cycle or the economic cycle, contains fluctuations, but the long-run trend has generally been upwards. However, there have been periods of recession where output has actually fallen. A rece ...
... growth of about 2.2% each year. This has not been an even trend as the trade cycle, also known as the business cycle or the economic cycle, contains fluctuations, but the long-run trend has generally been upwards. However, there have been periods of recession where output has actually fallen. A rece ...
Intro to Business, 7e
... Compare balance of trade and balance of payments. List factors that affect the value of global currencies. ...
... Compare balance of trade and balance of payments. List factors that affect the value of global currencies. ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
... This chapter discusses the role of world macroeconomic factors in contributing to the debt crisis. I investigate what role these factorsinterest rates, commodity prices, growth-played in bringing on the debt crisis, and how they facilitated or complicated the first five years of adjustment. I also a ...
... This chapter discusses the role of world macroeconomic factors in contributing to the debt crisis. I investigate what role these factorsinterest rates, commodity prices, growth-played in bringing on the debt crisis, and how they facilitated or complicated the first five years of adjustment. I also a ...
Balance of trade
The commercial balance or net exports (sometimes symbolized as NX), is the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports of output in an economy over a certain period, measured in the currency of that economy. It is the relationship between a nation's imports and exports. A positive balance is known as a trade surplus if it consists of exporting more than is imported; a negative balance is referred to as a trade deficit or, informally, a trade gap. The balance of trade is sometimes divided into a goods and a services balance.