![SHADOW ECONOMY INDEX for the Baltic countries 2009 – 2012](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007824149_1-6471b5513da397098e463483a030f1ea-300x300.png)
SHADOW ECONOMY INDEX for the Baltic countries 2009 – 2012
... that are typical in macro and MIMIC methods. Direct methods are recommended for situations in which it is important to define exactly what part of production is being estimated by the method, and when stability of the measurement is important. The key assumption in these methods is that the units of ...
... that are typical in macro and MIMIC methods. Direct methods are recommended for situations in which it is important to define exactly what part of production is being estimated by the method, and when stability of the measurement is important. The key assumption in these methods is that the units of ...
Strategia de susţinere a sectorului întreprinderilor mici şi mijlocii
... for long-term and short-term policies aimed at the development of microenterprises, as well as small and medium enterprises (hereinafter referred to as SMEs) of the Republic of Moldova. This framework further supports the country’s transition from the economic development model based on consumption ...
... for long-term and short-term policies aimed at the development of microenterprises, as well as small and medium enterprises (hereinafter referred to as SMEs) of the Republic of Moldova. This framework further supports the country’s transition from the economic development model based on consumption ...
Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences
... shadow economy: “Unfortunately, there are many important issues that we do not have room to discuss, most notably the vast literature on the underground economy which exists in part as a means of evading taxes.” 6 Still, there are some connections between these two research areas. See for example Fe ...
... shadow economy: “Unfortunately, there are many important issues that we do not have room to discuss, most notably the vast literature on the underground economy which exists in part as a means of evading taxes.” 6 Still, there are some connections between these two research areas. See for example Fe ...
MACRO Consulting Group: Home
... impacted the eastern U.S. in late February and early March 2015, so mentions of weather may again be elevated in the Beige Book released in mid-April. Optimism on Main Street remains high despite the recent barrage of bad news on the economy, as noted in the first section of this week’s commentary. ...
... impacted the eastern U.S. in late February and early March 2015, so mentions of weather may again be elevated in the Beige Book released in mid-April. Optimism on Main Street remains high despite the recent barrage of bad news on the economy, as noted in the first section of this week’s commentary. ...
Infrastructure and Private Sector Investment in Pakistan Looney, R.E.
... averaging a growth of 6.2 % during the 1980s, but only 5 .1 in the 1990-95 period. The outlook for the future is also grim. Faiz (1992) for example argues that Pakistan's physical infrastructure is insufficient to support sustained economic development throughout the remainder of the 1990s. Specific ...
... averaging a growth of 6.2 % during the 1980s, but only 5 .1 in the 1990-95 period. The outlook for the future is also grim. Faiz (1992) for example argues that Pakistan's physical infrastructure is insufficient to support sustained economic development throughout the remainder of the 1990s. Specific ...
Estimating the potential output of the New Zealand economy
... Another problem associated with using the HP filter to measure an economy’s level of potential output is that estimates near the end of the sample period are unstable and are likely to be revised significantly when new observations of the actual output series become available. This occurs because it ...
... Another problem associated with using the HP filter to measure an economy’s level of potential output is that estimates near the end of the sample period are unstable and are likely to be revised significantly when new observations of the actual output series become available. This occurs because it ...
PDF
... supply of higher-order goods and services. As suggested by firm location theory, many periphery regions specialize in the production of goods in which they have a competitive advantage. Competitive advantage may be due to local natural resources or to inexpensive labor used in routine low-tech manuf ...
... supply of higher-order goods and services. As suggested by firm location theory, many periphery regions specialize in the production of goods in which they have a competitive advantage. Competitive advantage may be due to local natural resources or to inexpensive labor used in routine low-tech manuf ...
Technical appendix: Integrated economic analysis
... analysis is a branch of economics that represents the modeled system as completely self-contained, allowing feedbacks of changes in technology, factor (labor, capital, or resource) supplies, or any other parameter to spread throughout the economy through changes in prices and quantities in a theore ...
... analysis is a branch of economics that represents the modeled system as completely self-contained, allowing feedbacks of changes in technology, factor (labor, capital, or resource) supplies, or any other parameter to spread throughout the economy through changes in prices and quantities in a theore ...
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Transition Economies
... to different foreign economies for a number of reasons such as exploitation of economies of scale, the use of specific advantage or just because their competitors are engaged in similar activities. On the other hand, different economies are also engaged in a policy competition by altering their majo ...
... to different foreign economies for a number of reasons such as exploitation of economies of scale, the use of specific advantage or just because their competitors are engaged in similar activities. On the other hand, different economies are also engaged in a policy competition by altering their majo ...
An Analysis of Public and Private Sector Employment
... employment in Canada declined during the 1990s, its growth resumed during the first decade of the 21st century. Specifically, there was a decline in the public sector share of employment starting in 1992, from 26.1 percent to 22.3 percent by 2003. Subsequently, an increase began, with a peak of 24.4 ...
... employment in Canada declined during the 1990s, its growth resumed during the first decade of the 21st century. Specifically, there was a decline in the public sector share of employment starting in 1992, from 26.1 percent to 22.3 percent by 2003. Subsequently, an increase began, with a peak of 24.4 ...
DISENTANGLING THE POVERTY EFFECTS OF SECTORAL OUTPUT, PRICES AND POLICIES IN INDIA
... on health and education or formal democratic institutions). Given the well-known difficulties of drawing conclusions from large cross-country samples with poor quality data on poverty, there is a need for an individual country study with sectoral and policy variables that might otherwise have been i ...
... on health and education or formal democratic institutions). Given the well-known difficulties of drawing conclusions from large cross-country samples with poor quality data on poverty, there is a need for an individual country study with sectoral and policy variables that might otherwise have been i ...
The Impact of a Reduced Rate of VAT on Restaurants 3
... Spain. Income appears to be the single most important determinant of international tourism demand. The estimated income elasticity is 1.41. This value above unity confirms the hypothesis that foreign travel demand to Spain is a luxury. The estimated price elasticity is -0.30. This suggests that this ...
... Spain. Income appears to be the single most important determinant of international tourism demand. The estimated income elasticity is 1.41. This value above unity confirms the hypothesis that foreign travel demand to Spain is a luxury. The estimated price elasticity is -0.30. This suggests that this ...
The Nicaraguan Coffee Cluster History, Challenges and Recommendations for Improving Competitiveness
... their record of negatively impacting Nicaragua’s economic growth, the unpredictability of the country’s politics do not allow dismissal of Ortega’s prospects of success. Similarly, it is difficult to predict what economic policies the Sandinistas might adopt or advocate were they to prevail in gaini ...
... their record of negatively impacting Nicaragua’s economic growth, the unpredictability of the country’s politics do not allow dismissal of Ortega’s prospects of success. Similarly, it is difficult to predict what economic policies the Sandinistas might adopt or advocate were they to prevail in gaini ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PRODUCTION CHAINS David K. Levine Working Paper 16571
... The role of complementarities in intermediate goods production is addressed more directly by Jones [2010] whose work is the closest to the work here. Jones studies a broad intermediate goods sector producing many different kinds of inputs all used in intermediate goods production with a one-period l ...
... The role of complementarities in intermediate goods production is addressed more directly by Jones [2010] whose work is the closest to the work here. Jones studies a broad intermediate goods sector producing many different kinds of inputs all used in intermediate goods production with a one-period l ...
Exploring Tradable and Non-Tradable Inflation in Consumer Prices
... further note that the tradables category will include domestically produced goods and services that replace imports. Following Dwyer (1992), Knight and Johnson used a commodity approach to defining tradable and non-tradable, although others have used an industry approach (most notably Goldstein et a ...
... further note that the tradables category will include domestically produced goods and services that replace imports. Following Dwyer (1992), Knight and Johnson used a commodity approach to defining tradable and non-tradable, although others have used an industry approach (most notably Goldstein et a ...
FDI-KSA
... FDI where the foreign side generally contributed equipment, industrial property rights including technology, and funds while the Saudi counterpart contributed land, plant, equipment and the local component of currency and funds. In addition to these forms, the KSA also instituted an Offset program w ...
... FDI where the foreign side generally contributed equipment, industrial property rights including technology, and funds while the Saudi counterpart contributed land, plant, equipment and the local component of currency and funds. In addition to these forms, the KSA also instituted an Offset program w ...
Chapter Three - Mrs Swail`s Website
... ____ 13. the study of the behavior and decision making of entire economies ____ 14. an income level below that which is needed to support families or households ____ 15. the part of the economy that involves the transactions of individuals and businesses ____ 16. goods and services provided by the g ...
... ____ 13. the study of the behavior and decision making of entire economies ____ 14. an income level below that which is needed to support families or households ____ 15. the part of the economy that involves the transactions of individuals and businesses ____ 16. goods and services provided by the g ...
Foreign Direct Investment
... – Host governments can specify ownership restrictions if they want to keep the control of local markets or industries in their citizens’ hands. ...
... – Host governments can specify ownership restrictions if they want to keep the control of local markets or industries in their citizens’ hands. ...
Rome June 4
... effects of structural reforms • Little is known about short-term effects of reforms • Crucial from a political economy point of ...
... effects of structural reforms • Little is known about short-term effects of reforms • Crucial from a political economy point of ...
Information Frictions, Nominal Shocks, and the Role of Inventories in
... but do not have perfect information regarding the economy-wide average marginal cost, which is needed in order to set firms’ prices optimally. Nimark shows that these assumptions help explain a gradual and persistent inflation response to nominal shocks. Similarly, recent literature on dispersed inf ...
... but do not have perfect information regarding the economy-wide average marginal cost, which is needed in order to set firms’ prices optimally. Nimark shows that these assumptions help explain a gradual and persistent inflation response to nominal shocks. Similarly, recent literature on dispersed inf ...
norface08 Alho 8162004 en
... closed sector (non-tradable goods and services). This is also the starting point in our paper. We, however, modify and extend the basic model in several ways, i.a., with the key result in empirical growth literature, which states that the GDP growth rate is not constant over time, but that it is pos ...
... closed sector (non-tradable goods and services). This is also the starting point in our paper. We, however, modify and extend the basic model in several ways, i.a., with the key result in empirical growth literature, which states that the GDP growth rate is not constant over time, but that it is pos ...
the eleventh national economic and social development plan
... economy along with improvements to infrastructure and social services that will ultimately enhance the quality of human capital. Results at the initial stage were that the economy recovered from the crisis and expanded sufficiently to stimulate hiring, which substantially reduced unemployment. In th ...
... economy along with improvements to infrastructure and social services that will ultimately enhance the quality of human capital. Results at the initial stage were that the economy recovered from the crisis and expanded sufficiently to stimulate hiring, which substantially reduced unemployment. In th ...
Preview Sample 2
... analysis why frozen food entrees have become so increasingly popular over the last 30 years. Essentially it boils down to opportunity costs. As many women began to enter the work force in large number is the 1960s and beyond, the opportunity cost of preparing full-cooked meals using the traditional ...
... analysis why frozen food entrees have become so increasingly popular over the last 30 years. Essentially it boils down to opportunity costs. As many women began to enter the work force in large number is the 1960s and beyond, the opportunity cost of preparing full-cooked meals using the traditional ...
economics-q.b-with answers
... Ans.17 For whom to produce is central problem of an economy which deals with factoral distribution of income and personal distribution of goods and services to whole sections of society. The government desire to have more and more resources allocated to the production of goods for poorer section of ...
... Ans.17 For whom to produce is central problem of an economy which deals with factoral distribution of income and personal distribution of goods and services to whole sections of society. The government desire to have more and more resources allocated to the production of goods for poorer section of ...
The US economy from 1992 to 1998: historical and decom-
... Decomposition, where we explain periods of economic history in terms of driving factors such as changes in technology and consumer preferences; Forecast, where we derive basecase forecasts for industries, occupations and regions that are consistent with trends from historical simulations and with av ...
... Decomposition, where we explain periods of economic history in terms of driving factors such as changes in technology and consumer preferences; Forecast, where we derive basecase forecasts for industries, occupations and regions that are consistent with trends from historical simulations and with av ...