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Macroeconomic Policies and Business Cycles in Nigeria
Macroeconomic Policies and Business Cycles in Nigeria

... forecasting. The stylized facts illustrate how the model mimic the model economy or to what extent the model could be used in policy making. The main facts which business cycle models suggest from the literature include the following that real GDP is persistent; all component of spending are pro-cyc ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FISCAL DEFICITS AND RELATIVE PRICES IN A
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FISCAL DEFICITS AND RELATIVE PRICES IN A

... hold. Nonequivalence arises from a factor first examined by Weil (1985): economic growth is fueled by the birth of new households that are unconnected with the existing households that hold the public debt. Because current debt holders do not value the consumption of unborn taxpayers, a fraction of ...
Out of the Shadows: Measuring Informal Economic Activity
Out of the Shadows: Measuring Informal Economic Activity

... SHADOW ECONOMY5 economy, or the use of only the currency demand The definition of the shadow economy plays method.9 The MIMIC pro­ce­dure assumes that an important role in assessing its size. Having a the shadow economy remains an unobserved clear definition makes it possible to avoid a num- phenome ...
Knowledge Based Economy Assessment
Knowledge Based Economy Assessment

... main point is targeted to the analysis of characteristics of knowledge expression in economy and to the construction of structure of KBE expression. This allows understanding the mechanism of functioning of knowledge economy. The authors highlight the possibility to assess the penetration level of K ...
I. Introduction: Three Basic Questions
I. Introduction: Three Basic Questions

... sacrificing consumption today so you can consume more in the future. In a way, today’s economies make similar decisions as individuals deciding whether or not to put money in the bank. An economy has a choice on how it can spend its income. They could use their income to produce consumer goods (cons ...
For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign
For a Critique of the Political Economy of the Sign

... value according to a radically different type of exchange. Yet in a certain way it also produces a surplus value: domination, which is not to be confused with economic privilege and profit. The latter are in a way only the primary material and springboard for a political operation involving the tran ...
A new market economy?
A new market economy?

... economy, but society that is in focus. In 2013, the European parliament passed a resolution highlighting the role of the co-operatives for the economy.30 The parliament recognises that co-operatives are becoming increasingly important and that there are about 160,000 cooperative enterprises, owned b ...
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... Technology Development Flagship (TDF)  “The new MSC flagship is of vital importance to the growth & development of the country’s next wave of economic warriors, ie the entrepreneurs in the knowledge economy. They will be the ones to leverage on the power of ICT and its ability for use knowledge to ...
1 János Kornai`s comparative theory and defense of capitalism
1 János Kornai`s comparative theory and defense of capitalism

... The second, more substantial essay is « Shortage economy – surplus economy ». Considering markets for goods and services in capitalism, Kornai observes that the forces producing recurrent surplus are related to supply (monopolistic competition, uncertainty of demand, innovation and creative destruct ...
The Rise of Mass Consumption Societies*
The Rise of Mass Consumption Societies*

... distribution. Some income inequality is needed for the economy to take off; with too much equality, the economy stagnates in a poverty trap. This is because, in order to trigger the process, the economy needs a critical mass of the rich households, which can afford to buy some goods, even when they ...
Identifying Data Requirements
Identifying Data Requirements

... their community profile and the local economy assessment. At the outset of the assessment process in 2005, consultants prepared a long list of LED indicators. These indicators were then discussed with local LED staff at Ivano-Frankivsk’s city hall and with the United States Agency for International ...
investigating the impact of unemployment rate on the romanian
investigating the impact of unemployment rate on the romanian

... Shadow economy is a controversial topic that has aroused the interest of the specialists since the 60’s, when the phenomenon took a great extent. Formulated in the literature under various names, the shadow economy exists to a larger or less extent in all countries, regardless of their level of deve ...
Why People Participate in the Sharing Economy
Why People Participate in the Sharing Economy

... differentiates commercial sharing systems from existing rental services. In fact, existing studies on motivation of participation in the sharing economy were mainly focused on conceptual approaches. Furthermore, previous literature seems to fail to capture and reflect the underlying characteristics ...
Macroeconomic equilibrium
Macroeconomic equilibrium

... long run in order to understand the new classical perspective. The Keynesians and new classical economists agree on the shape of the short-run aggregate supply curve, but, as stated above, the new classical economists argue that the economy will always move automatically to its long-run equilibrium. ...
A coevolutionary framework for analysing a transition to a
A coevolutionary framework for analysing a transition to a

... current research and policy challenges in four areas: (1) detailed empirical analyses of the challenges relating to the innovation and adoption of particular low-carbon technologies; (2) as a framework for analysing the multi-level interaction of social and technological elements within potential tr ...
The Social and Solidarity Economy
The Social and Solidarity Economy

... The social economy, which is promoted by the Chantier de l’économie sociale, is part of a double-sided social movement. It is a movement of social transformation, aiming for the democratisation and development of an economy of solidarity; a movement which is able to evolve without confusing politica ...
Discussion of AMP - the Advanced Manufacturing
Discussion of AMP - the Advanced Manufacturing

...  No longer the Old Pipeline model – gov’t does Research and industry picks up the rest  Now: host of intermediary steps require public/private connections ...
Ms Habibi"s Textbook (Chapter 1)
Ms Habibi"s Textbook (Chapter 1)

... 1) Households own the resources (factors of production), _________, _________, _________ and __________. These resources are channeled into firms. In the following diagram fill in the box that shows factors of production. 2) In return for their factors of production, households receive income. Incom ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL STRUCTURE
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL STRUCTURE

... maintaining a fixed exchange rate regime. We address this issue in the context of a dynamic model of an emerging economy with involuntary unemployment developed in Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe (2011). In that model negative external shocks lead to involuntary unemployment because of the combination of d ...
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... C - spending of households and private non-profit institutions on goods and services – Non-durables - goods and services that are consumed rapidly – Durable goods - that last for a longer period of time I - investment spending of domestic agents. Its major components are “changes in” Fixed Capital a ...
The Beneficiation Strategy for the Minerals Industry of South Africa
The Beneficiation Strategy for the Minerals Industry of South Africa

... Sets a target of creating 5 million jobs in 10 years Identifies structural challenges that impede desired growth rates, including ...
introduction to macroeconomics
introduction to macroeconomics

... Partly this is because the scope of macro is larger. Microeconomics deals with the motives and behavior of a single consumer of a single firm, while macroeconomics deals with the behavior of large aggregates, entire sectors of the economy, or the economy as a whole. The focus of micro is narrow—the ...
Measuring Economic Aggregates and the Circular Flow of Income
Measuring Economic Aggregates and the Circular Flow of Income

... Quality and variety of products available have also improved because of technological advances and competition ...
methodology for the high-frequency forecasting model for mexico
methodology for the high-frequency forecasting model for mexico

... analysis, and began to work at higher frequency by the end of the 80’s. A more recent procedure was used by Payne 2/ from the U.S. Department of Commerce. Payne’s model tries to predict the GDP growth in anticipation of the official release from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. That study is also ba ...
Why can sectoral shocks lead to sizable macroeconomic fluctuations
Why can sectoral shocks lead to sizable macroeconomic fluctuations

... In an economy composed of several independent sub-units, any perturbation affecting a single unit would have little impact on the aggregate. However, if the units are linked, for example by trade relationships, then a shock could propagate though the system, possibly leading to significant aggregate ...
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Circular economy

The circular economy is a generic term for an industrial economy that is, by design or intention, restorative and in which material flows are of two types, biological nutrients, designed to reenter the biosphere safely, and technical nutrients, which are designed to circulate at high quality without entering the biosphere.
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