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Chapter 19 - Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at Oklahoma
Chapter 19 - Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at Oklahoma

... – Useful for differentiating very similar organisms – Hybridization values 70% or higher suggest strains belong to the same species – Values of at least 25% suggest same genus ...
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投影片 1

... Ribosome: The protein manufacturing machine. Made up of proteins and rRNA. Combination of the large subunit and the small subunit, both made in the nucleus and then sent back to the cytoplasm. Most found in cytosol and ER. Three binding site for tRNA: E, P, and A site. During the process of protein ...
Eukaryotic Expression 1
Eukaryotic Expression 1

... amount of DNA compared to E. coli. However, humans have only 20 times as many genes as E. coli. (98.5% of the human genome is noncoding compare to only 11% of the E. coli genome). ...
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a π i, π i+1

... Two Approaches to Gene Prediction • Statistical: coding segments (exons) have typical sequences on either end and use different subwords than non-coding segments (introns). ...
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... outbreaks are Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. These organisms cause diseases such as gastroenteritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, invasive listeriosis etc. Hence, it is important to identify these pathogens in ready-to-eat foods so that the contaminated foods can ...
Heredity Study Guide
Heredity Study Guide

... grows identical to the parent. 34. _____________________: organism, such as a sea star, loses a body part and that part may develop into a new organism. 35. You can use a _____ ___________ to organize possible offspring combinations. 36. ________________ is an organism’s appearance. 37. ____________ ...
Revision BIOC 432 LAB
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... by removing the lipids of the cell membranes, and solubilized the proteins both are included in the extraction buffer which lysing the cells, ...
Note 8.1 - Cloning DNA
Note 8.1 - Cloning DNA

... Cloned Gene – is an identical copy of an original target gene that can be made by introducing the target gene into a host cell and having it copied. Plasmids are required for the production of recombinant DNA. Plasmids are small circular pieces if DNA that are found in bacteria. They are unique, bec ...
Lecture 21-23
Lecture 21-23

... a. promoter = DNA sequence that indicates where the coding region of a gene begins, and tells RNA polymerase which strand is the template strand i. TATA box: A/T-rich region upstream of the promoter that aids in the separation of DNA strands What is the benefit of having lots of As and Ts here? ii. ...
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Academic Biology

... Genetic terms ( give Examples) o Heterozygous o Homozygous o Hybrid o Allele o Trait o Phenotype o Genotype ...
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Protein Synthesis

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Acquired Variation

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Introduction, some basic concepts, patterns in data

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Prof. Kamakaka`s Lecture 15 Notes

... How do we account for the differences in DNA content/nucleus ...
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AP Biology

... Copy DNA without plasmids? PCR!  Polymerase Chain Reaction method for making many, many copies of a specific segment of DNA  ~only need 1 cell of DNA to start ...
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Full Text

... been studied with some detaii in the last years (1), little is know about the process of transcriptional activation, The only well established data is the presence of active RNA polymerases in the cyst which implies that the cysts have the enzymatic activity required for transcription (2), These dat ...
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regulatory transcription factors

... chromosomes during interphase – During gene activation, tightly packed chromatin must be converted to an open conformation in order for transcription to occur ...
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ppt - Faculty

... DNA replication involves a great many building blocks, enzymes and a great deal of ATP energy. DNA replication in humans occurs at a rate of 50 nucleotides per second and ~500/second in prokaryotes. Nucleotides have to be assembled and available in the nucleus, along with energy to make bonds betwe ...
Syllabus: Biochem 104b
Syllabus: Biochem 104b

... Biochem 104b deals with a topic that is a very active area of research. Many of the fundamental driving forces that shape macromolecules are only partially understood. In addition, biological macromolecules are very large and complex systems and so might evade rigorous quantitative analysis even if ...
Zoo/Bot 3333
Zoo/Bot 3333

... 1. In an animal bearing the heterozygous inversion ABCDEFGHI/ABGFEDCHI, in one meiocyte a crossover occurred between the D and E loci and another crossover occurred between the F and G loci. These crossovers involved the same two non-sister chromatids. What percentage of the crossover products fro ...
DNA Profiling - Miss Jan`s Science Wikispace
DNA Profiling - Miss Jan`s Science Wikispace

... e.g. DNA sequencing determines the order of bases of the genome e.g. DNA chips are used as a tool to analyse the presence or absence of a gene/sequence of bases in the genome. Merit: explains how or why ONE of the two techniques are used e.g. WHY – DNA sequencing – by determining the exact sequence ...
A Basic Introduction to the Science Underlying NCBI Resources
A Basic Introduction to the Science Underlying NCBI Resources

... There are many diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Because the mitochondria produce energy in cells, symptoms of mitochondrial diseases often involve degeneration or functional failure of tissue. For example, mtDNA mutations have been identified in some forms of diabetes, deaf ...
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Mitochondrial genome

... ZZ:ZW (females heterogametic) Variations include X1X2Y or XY1Y2 sex-specific chromosomes tend to be small and gene-poor overall, but might be relatively enriched for genes specifically benefiting the sex that harbours them. ...
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Lateral gene transfer in prokaryotic genomes: which genes

... usually involving-plasmid encoded pili. • Host range varies from narrow to broad depending on replication machinery (and usually not the conjugation factors). • Some plasmids can integrate into the chromosome and subsequently their conjugation can mobilize parts of it. Integrated plasmids (episomes) ...
RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase

... block transcription of genes for all enzymes in tryptophan pathway  saves energy by not wasting it on unnecessary protein synthesis Now, that’s a good idea from a lowly bacterium! ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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