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A The basis of the organization of living matter
A The basis of the organization of living matter

... Viruses are a very interesting example of self-replicating organisms. They consist of a protein capsule (capsid) containing DNA or RNA (1000-200000 base pair) with all the information necessary for their replication. The replication, however, needs a host cell that dies afterwards, making viruses pa ...
Errata - Blood Journal
Errata - Blood Journal

... have been inserted to indicate a repositioned gel lane. (D) Notch target gene expression in wild-type (䡺, n ⫽ 4) and Tie2-Egfl7 transgenic (f, n ⫽ 6) retinas. Gene expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and normalized to endothelial cell number using CD31 expression. (E) Notch target gene ex ...
Chapter 17 Presentation
Chapter 17 Presentation

... mRNA is the “messenger” or vehicle that carries the genetic information from the DNA to the protein synthesizing machinery. RNA polymerase pries apart the DNA and joins RNA nucleotides together in the 5’-->3’ direction (adding, again, to the free 3’ end). RNA polymerase is just like DNA polymerase, ...
ap® biology 2009 scoring guidelines - AP Central
ap® biology 2009 scoring guidelines - AP Central

... “[I]t undergoes RNA splicing by the spliceosomes. These enzymes cut out the intron.” “Ribosomes are where proteins are made.” “When tRNA attaches, it brings with it an amino acid.” The maximum of 4 points were earned in part (b). Acetylation and methylation are the mechanisms of protein regulation n ...
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel

... • homo- = like (homologous: like chromosomes that form a pair) ...
Genes Code for Proteins
Genes Code for Proteins

... To determine what effect a gene has upon the phenotype, it is essential to characterize a null mutant. Generally, if a null mutant fails to affect a phenotype, we may safely conclude that the gene function is not necessary. Some genes have overlapping functions, though, and removal of one gene is no ...
1 Characterization of the p.Q189X nonsense mutation in dpy
1 Characterization of the p.Q189X nonsense mutation in dpy

... data suggest that the dpy gene of interest is neither dpy-1 nor dpy-18. Furthermore, the findings confirm the data from the linkage analysis and mapping indicating that the dpy gene of interest is located on chromosome 3. DNA sequencing reveals nonsense mutation in dpy-17 To determine the nature and ...
Africa Geographic - University of the Free State
Africa Geographic - University of the Free State

... DNA directly from the samples, circumventing the tradition of culturing the bacteria first. In 2007, Van Heerden’s team was awarded a R13.7-million research contract by BioPAD, a South African biotechnology initiative, and the Platform for Metagenomics was established. Focusing on the direct extract ...
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Chromosomal theory of inheritance

... determining the recombination frequency between a gene and an anonymous marker Anonymous markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be detected by molecular techniques. ...
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HTSanalyzeR - Florian Markowetz

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Retroposon Insertions and the Chronology of

... gametologs (homologs on opposite sex chromosomes) suggest that this divergence occurred throughout early bird evolution via stepwise cessation of recombination between identical sex chromosomal regions. Here, we investigated avian sex chromosome differentiation from a novel perspective, using retrop ...
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University of Groningen A Branched Biosynthetic Pathway Is

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DNA Restriction and Gel Electrophoresis This laboratory

... use different types of gels that have different pore sizes. In this way, we can choose a gel that will separate DNA (or RNA or protein) fragments of a particular size best. The two types of gels most commonly used are called agarose and acrylamide. How these techniques are often used: 1. DNA Fingerp ...
The Microarray Platform of IVM/IZKF
The Microarray Platform of IVM/IZKF

... availability of robust hardware- and software platforms to produce and evaluate microarrays have enabled genome-wide gene expression analyses, i.e. to quantify all mRNAs (> 30 000) of a total RNA extract relative to another RNA extract, within 48 hours. The platform used by the IVM (Affymetrix) is e ...
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10 Genetics Trial Test

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2008 exam with answers

... Short explanation: You don’t need to remove primer, so you don’t need the 5’ to 3’ exo of enzyme X. You do need a heat resistant DNA polymerase, which enzyme X has Long explanation; There is no discontinuous synthesis in PCR; there are no lagging strands (or replication forks). The DNA template is c ...
High-throughput engineering of the mouse genome coupled with
High-throughput engineering of the mouse genome coupled with

... introduce the alteration into a targeting vector that is subsequently used to replace the native gene in ES cells by homologous recombination5,6. The homologous recombination occurs between DNA segments flanking the alteration on the targeting construct and the homologous DNA segments in the native ...
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Tulane University Matrix DNA Diagnostics Lab

... Sample should be shipped by overnight courier, preferably Federal Express. Please send with a cold pack during summer months. If blood sample can’t be shipped the same day, please store at +4C until shipment. All tubes/flasks should be labeled with patient name and date of birth, or other identifyin ...
High efficiency of site-directed mutagenesis mediated by a single
High efficiency of site-directed mutagenesis mediated by a single

LabChip GX/GXII Automated Electrophoresis Systems
LabChip GX/GXII Automated Electrophoresis Systems

... The LabChip® GX/GXII Systems offer researchers an automated alternative by streamlining the multiple, manual steps of slab gel electrophoresis, while also providing the throughput and data quality essential for life science laboratories today. In addition, the LabChip GX/GXII systems deliver compara ...
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

... 1. we start with a piece of DNA containing one recognition sequence for a particular restriction enzyme from E.coli. In this case, the restriction enzyme will cut the DNA strands between the bases A and G within the sequence, producing pieces of DNA called restriction fragments. 2. The staggered cut ...
F 1 - WordPress.com
F 1 - WordPress.com

... • Condensed and visible during cell division • At the beginning of mitosis they can be seen to consist of two threads (sister chromatids) joined by a centromere • The sister chromatids are identical copies • During mitosis the sister chromatids separate and are placed into two nuclei ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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