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MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION
MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION

... – Localized group belonging to the same species ...
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Molecular ecology, quantitative genetic and genomics

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Overview of Genetic Testing and Screening

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Expression profiling reveals off
Expression profiling reveals off

... in a separate experiment, demonstrating that these genes were reproducibly silenced by this siRNA. The rapid kinetics of transcript regulation suggests that these are direct transcript degradation events. This is in contrast to kinetic groups 3 and 4, for which half-maximal degradation occurs at app ...
Dangerous Ideas and Forbidden Knowledge, Spring 2005 Lab 2
Dangerous Ideas and Forbidden Knowledge, Spring 2005 Lab 2

... researcher can take trace amounts of genomic DNA from a drop of blood, a single hair follicle, or a cheek cell and make enough to study. Prior to PCR, this would have been impossible! This dramatic amplification is possible because of the structure of DNA, and the way in which cells naturally copy t ...
Bio 112 17 sp11
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Bombay Phenotype

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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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