From adaptation to climate-resilient development: the costs of climate-proofing the Millennium Development Goals in Africa (388 kB ) (opens in new window)
... which the MDGs were extracted in 2001. Whether intended or not, the discussion around the MDGs has largely assumed that Africa and other developing regions would experience stable climatic conditions. As a result, existing estimates of the cost of achieving the MDGs (e.g., UN Millennium Project 2005 ...
... which the MDGs were extracted in 2001. Whether intended or not, the discussion around the MDGs has largely assumed that Africa and other developing regions would experience stable climatic conditions. As a result, existing estimates of the cost of achieving the MDGs (e.g., UN Millennium Project 2005 ...
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... stimulus (e.g., drought), the sensitivity of a system (e.g., dependency on rain) and the adaptability of the system (e.g., production alternatives or irrigation availability) (WALKENHORST and STOCK, 2009). It should be noted that with regard to CCIA, sometimes the term “resilience” is used rather th ...
... stimulus (e.g., drought), the sensitivity of a system (e.g., dependency on rain) and the adaptability of the system (e.g., production alternatives or irrigation availability) (WALKENHORST and STOCK, 2009). It should be noted that with regard to CCIA, sometimes the term “resilience” is used rather th ...
the economics of climate change the economics of
... challenges of adapting to the impacts of new climatic conditions, while implementing a global strategy of mitigation. The global climate is a public good and, as such, climate change –from an economics point of viewrepresents the biggest negative global externality (Stern, 2007) which, given it’s ma ...
... challenges of adapting to the impacts of new climatic conditions, while implementing a global strategy of mitigation. The global climate is a public good and, as such, climate change –from an economics point of viewrepresents the biggest negative global externality (Stern, 2007) which, given it’s ma ...
Climate change and global water resources: SRES emissions and
... Asia, the Middle East and around the Mediterranean. This paper describes an assessment of the relative effect of climate change and population growth on future global and regional water resources stresses, using SRES socio-economic scenarios and climate projections made using six climate models driv ...
... Asia, the Middle East and around the Mediterranean. This paper describes an assessment of the relative effect of climate change and population growth on future global and regional water resources stresses, using SRES socio-economic scenarios and climate projections made using six climate models driv ...
Mapping vulnerability to multiple stressors: climate change and
... participatory natural resource management, particularly for practices such as watershed development and agroforestry (Sanyal, 1993). At same time, rapid liberalization of the Indian economy has had significant structural effects on Indian agriculture (Bhalla, 1994; Chaudhury, 1998; Gulati, 1999; Gula ...
... participatory natural resource management, particularly for practices such as watershed development and agroforestry (Sanyal, 1993). At same time, rapid liberalization of the Indian economy has had significant structural effects on Indian agriculture (Bhalla, 1994; Chaudhury, 1998; Gulati, 1999; Gula ...
LCCARL263_en.pdf
... Tourists prefer to visit a country with a high per capita income 6 , since it translates into a higher standard of accommodation and better tourist facilities; they also prefer visiting countries where the poverty level is low 7 . In tourism demand functions, income in the source country is included ...
... Tourists prefer to visit a country with a high per capita income 6 , since it translates into a higher standard of accommodation and better tourist facilities; they also prefer visiting countries where the poverty level is low 7 . In tourism demand functions, income in the source country is included ...
Implementation of the Framework Convention on Climate Change in
... 1. Framework Convention “On Climate Change” and relating international agreements: short review 1.1 Framework Convention on Climate Change The objective of the Convention is stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interfe ...
... 1. Framework Convention “On Climate Change” and relating international agreements: short review 1.1 Framework Convention on Climate Change The objective of the Convention is stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interfe ...
Gender and CO2 info_accepted
... change context. The results will be useful for any program that aims to use information to aid in reducing individual climate change impacts, in particular those that apply segmentation. 2. BACKGROUND 2. 1 Theoretical Considerations Knowledge and concern do not translate directly into action. This i ...
... change context. The results will be useful for any program that aims to use information to aid in reducing individual climate change impacts, in particular those that apply segmentation. 2. BACKGROUND 2. 1 Theoretical Considerations Knowledge and concern do not translate directly into action. This i ...
Ms. Cassandra Carter Climate Change Intern Ministry of Natural
... In order to address Goal 2 and build resilience in the face of climate change, there are a number of well‐ known and established strategies to conserve biodiversity including: reducing non‐climate stressors, increasing connectivity and areas under protection, and addressing cumulative effects to im ...
... In order to address Goal 2 and build resilience in the face of climate change, there are a number of well‐ known and established strategies to conserve biodiversity including: reducing non‐climate stressors, increasing connectivity and areas under protection, and addressing cumulative effects to im ...
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... expansion, investment in irrigation, and water availability. Demand is a function of prices, income, and population growth and contains four categories of commodity demand—food, feed, biofuels, and other uses. The 2009 version of the model includes a hydrology model and links to the Decision Support ...
... expansion, investment in irrigation, and water availability. Demand is a function of prices, income, and population growth and contains four categories of commodity demand—food, feed, biofuels, and other uses. The 2009 version of the model includes a hydrology model and links to the Decision Support ...
Download the full paper
... cannot be assigned to events because there is ignorance insu¢ cient information. Knight argued that uncertainty in this sense of unmeasurable uncertainty is more common in economic decision making. Knightian uncertainty should be contrasted to risk (measurable or probabilistic uncertainty) where pro ...
... cannot be assigned to events because there is ignorance insu¢ cient information. Knight argued that uncertainty in this sense of unmeasurable uncertainty is more common in economic decision making. Knightian uncertainty should be contrasted to risk (measurable or probabilistic uncertainty) where pro ...
- FUND - Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation
... equilibrium model, and report results with and without adaptation, and with and without CO2 fertilisation. The regional results from these studies are assumed to hold for each country in the respective regions. They are averaged over the studies and the climate scenarios for each country, and aggreg ...
... equilibrium model, and report results with and without adaptation, and with and without CO2 fertilisation. The regional results from these studies are assumed to hold for each country in the respective regions. They are averaged over the studies and the climate scenarios for each country, and aggreg ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES William D. Nordhaus
... assumption about discounting. Discounting is a factor in climate-change policy – indeed in all investment decisions – which involves the relative weight of future and present payoffs. At first blush, this area would appear a technicality that should properly be left to abstruse treatises and graduat ...
... assumption about discounting. Discounting is a factor in climate-change policy – indeed in all investment decisions – which involves the relative weight of future and present payoffs. At first blush, this area would appear a technicality that should properly be left to abstruse treatises and graduat ...
Research and systematic observation
... Over the past decade, the number of R&D personnel has grown from 40,000 to nearly 80,000. This equates to over 2 per cent of the labour force, which is the highest figure among all OECD countries. The number of doctoral degrees has also doubled in the past ten years. Climate change has become a prio ...
... Over the past decade, the number of R&D personnel has grown from 40,000 to nearly 80,000. This equates to over 2 per cent of the labour force, which is the highest figure among all OECD countries. The number of doctoral degrees has also doubled in the past ten years. Climate change has become a prio ...
Revisiting the urban - Durham Research Online
... Reconsidering sustainable cities and the multilevel politics of climate change Our analysis of the emergence of climate change on urban research and policy agendas during the 1990s and early 2000s started from a curious paradox. While the discourse of sustainable cities had provoked significant inte ...
... Reconsidering sustainable cities and the multilevel politics of climate change Our analysis of the emergence of climate change on urban research and policy agendas during the 1990s and early 2000s started from a curious paradox. While the discourse of sustainable cities had provoked significant inte ...
Adaptation and Vulnerability to Climate Change: The
... This briefing paper considers adaptation from the viewpoint of the finance sector. Climatic changes will accelerate if emissions continue on a “business-as-usual” trajectory. Among the effects could be more frequent, extreme weather events and droughts, rapid sealevel rise from icecap melting, break ...
... This briefing paper considers adaptation from the viewpoint of the finance sector. Climatic changes will accelerate if emissions continue on a “business-as-usual” trajectory. Among the effects could be more frequent, extreme weather events and droughts, rapid sealevel rise from icecap melting, break ...
Climate Justice Action Kit for Secondary Schools
... Pope Francis calls for governments to take strong, united action on climate change and other ecological issues for the global common good. He also calls for ‘enforceable international agreements’. “Reducing greenhouse gases requires honesty, courage and responsibility, above all on the part of tho ...
... Pope Francis calls for governments to take strong, united action on climate change and other ecological issues for the global common good. He also calls for ‘enforceable international agreements’. “Reducing greenhouse gases requires honesty, courage and responsibility, above all on the part of tho ...
Annex - Environment Bureau
... numbers in the market in recent years. Around the world, major economies are competing on new energies, EVs and energy efficiency solutions. Such trend foretells a paradigm shift that would reshape the way industrial, commercial and financial markets work. It is also about powering our economy with ...
... numbers in the market in recent years. Around the world, major economies are competing on new energies, EVs and energy efficiency solutions. Such trend foretells a paradigm shift that would reshape the way industrial, commercial and financial markets work. It is also about powering our economy with ...
Tracking pan-Canadian climate progress and
... national versus sub-national action likely depending on the extent to which national consensus is maintained. Regardless, the federal government will be responsible for articulating Canada’s pathway to meet or exceed its 2030 target. ...
... national versus sub-national action likely depending on the extent to which national consensus is maintained. Regardless, the federal government will be responsible for articulating Canada’s pathway to meet or exceed its 2030 target. ...
Climate Change Policies in New York State
... There is now general agreement among the scientific community that anthropogenic activities – primarily the combustion of fossil fuel and deforestation – are changing the global climate. The February 2007 assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides the most definitive ...
... There is now general agreement among the scientific community that anthropogenic activities – primarily the combustion of fossil fuel and deforestation – are changing the global climate. The February 2007 assessment by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides the most definitive ...
Part 1 - Unctad
... however more needs to be done to support countries’ capacity to address unregulated and unreported fishing; including through capacity-building. In addition national schemes, seeking to tackle IUU fishing should be based on international law, without being arbitrary, ...
... however more needs to be done to support countries’ capacity to address unregulated and unreported fishing; including through capacity-building. In addition national schemes, seeking to tackle IUU fishing should be based on international law, without being arbitrary, ...
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty (currently the only international climate policy venue with broad legitimacy, due in part to its virtually universal membership) negotiated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. The objective of the treaty is to ""stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"".The treaty itself set no binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions for individual countries and contains no enforcement mechanisms. In that sense, the treaty is considered legally non-binding. Instead, the treaty provides a framework for negotiating specific international treaties (called ""protocols"") that may set binding limits on greenhouse gases.The UNFCCC was adopted on 9 May 1992, and opened for signature on 4 June 1992, after an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee produced the text of the Framework Convention as a report following its meeting in New York from 30 April to 9 May 1992. It entered into force on 21 March 1994. As of March 2014, UNFCCC has 196 parties.The parties to the convention have met annually from 1995 in Conferences of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in dealing with climate change. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was concluded and established legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The 2010 Cancún agreements state that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. The 20th COP took place in Peru in 2014.One of the first tasks set by the UNFCCC was for signatory nations to establish national greenhouse gas inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals, which were used to create the 1990 benchmark levels for accession of Annex I countries to the Kyoto Protocol and for the commitment of those countries to GHG reductions. Updated inventories must be regularly submitted by Annex I countries.The UNFCCC is also the name of the United Nations Secretariat charged with supporting the operation of the Convention, with offices in Haus Carstanjen, and UN Campus [known as: Langer Eugen] Bonn, Germany. From 2006 to 2010 the head of the secretariat was Yvo de Boer. On 17 May 2010, Christiana Figueres from Costa Rica succeeded de Boer. The Secretariat, augmented through the parallel efforts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), aims to gain consensus through meetings and the discussion of various strategies.