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... elevated CO2 are much more modest than for C3 plants – for example, no yield change is observed for maize (Long et al., 2006). There is a small improvement in the efficiency of water use for both C3 and C4 crops under enhanced CO2 conditions. Warmer temperatures affect the rate at which crops grow a ...
... elevated CO2 are much more modest than for C3 plants – for example, no yield change is observed for maize (Long et al., 2006). There is a small improvement in the efficiency of water use for both C3 and C4 crops under enhanced CO2 conditions. Warmer temperatures affect the rate at which crops grow a ...
Combined speeds of climate and land
... speeds increasing in New England (with more forest to cropland conversion) and decreasing in the upper midwest (slower rates of urbanization). At a continental scale, speeds were lower for the RCP 2.6 scenario (−4 km decade−1 relative to RCP 6.0 and 1990s land-use trends) and the land-use scenario o ...
... speeds increasing in New England (with more forest to cropland conversion) and decreasing in the upper midwest (slower rates of urbanization). At a continental scale, speeds were lower for the RCP 2.6 scenario (−4 km decade−1 relative to RCP 6.0 and 1990s land-use trends) and the land-use scenario o ...
Joint Comments to Army Corps of Engineers
... Our organizations respectfully submit these comments encouraging the Corps—and all federal agencies—to continue valuing the social cost of greenhouse gases as thoroughly, accurately, and transparently as possible, dra ...
... Our organizations respectfully submit these comments encouraging the Corps—and all federal agencies—to continue valuing the social cost of greenhouse gases as thoroughly, accurately, and transparently as possible, dra ...
sn c project namibia
... vulnerability to the effects of climate change as a major challenge faced in meeting the MDGs. The SNC project aims to develop national technical capacity in climate change and will therefore to the extent possible use local expertise. Short-term international consultants will also be used where nee ...
... vulnerability to the effects of climate change as a major challenge faced in meeting the MDGs. The SNC project aims to develop national technical capacity in climate change and will therefore to the extent possible use local expertise. Short-term international consultants will also be used where nee ...
PDF
... infrastructure is either non-existent or not robust enough to withstand most impacts of current climate hazards, let alone future climate change. Due to natural climate variability, economic development is bound to result in an increase in the engineering and technological inputs that are in place, ...
... infrastructure is either non-existent or not robust enough to withstand most impacts of current climate hazards, let alone future climate change. Due to natural climate variability, economic development is bound to result in an increase in the engineering and technological inputs that are in place, ...
The impact of climate change on domestic and international tourism
... higher altitudes and latitudes. The redistribution of tourism flows could negatively affect countries and regions that depend heavily on income from tourism. On the other hand, it could also bring benefits to places that are currently not popular with tourists. The size of this impact is potentially ...
... higher altitudes and latitudes. The redistribution of tourism flows could negatively affect countries and regions that depend heavily on income from tourism. On the other hand, it could also bring benefits to places that are currently not popular with tourists. The size of this impact is potentially ...
Paper on N 2 O as a ozone depleting substances
... Figure 2 compares estimated ODP-weighted emissions of various ODSs controlled by the MP during the late 20th and all of the 21st centuries [see (13) for details of the calculation]. Recent estimates of expected future N2O emissions under various greenhouse gas mitigation requirements continue to sho ...
... Figure 2 compares estimated ODP-weighted emissions of various ODSs controlled by the MP during the late 20th and all of the 21st centuries [see (13) for details of the calculation]. Recent estimates of expected future N2O emissions under various greenhouse gas mitigation requirements continue to sho ...
How REDD Will Impoverish the Developing World and Reduce
... of whom have received funding from the same donors. Now, donors, including the World Bank, encouraged by environmental NGOs, are seeking to advance this ambition through voluntary REDD programs. In effect, they are offering financial inducements to several developing countries to adopt measures whic ...
... of whom have received funding from the same donors. Now, donors, including the World Bank, encouraged by environmental NGOs, are seeking to advance this ambition through voluntary REDD programs. In effect, they are offering financial inducements to several developing countries to adopt measures whic ...
Economic Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on Ground
... Indirect economic effects are associated with the users of transportation and changes in their behaviour due to climate change impacts. Transportation services are complementary to almost every product. Transportation sector is interconnected with other sectors of the regional economy, and it is an ...
... Indirect economic effects are associated with the users of transportation and changes in their behaviour due to climate change impacts. Transportation services are complementary to almost every product. Transportation sector is interconnected with other sectors of the regional economy, and it is an ...
Articulating Climate Justice in Copenhagen: Antagonism, the
... (CJA) network as an organising platform prior to the Copenhagen mobilisations. These ideas were central to the Declaration of the Klimaforum (the alternative climate forum held in Copenhagen), and the “Reclaim Power” action, the most significant direct action mobilisation during COP15. Subsequently ...
... (CJA) network as an organising platform prior to the Copenhagen mobilisations. These ideas were central to the Declaration of the Klimaforum (the alternative climate forum held in Copenhagen), and the “Reclaim Power” action, the most significant direct action mobilisation during COP15. Subsequently ...
Presents
... coastal countries of the EU27. The authors use the DIVA model to project the impacts of various sea-level rise and socio-economic scenarios on the countries first without any adaptation (potential impacts) and then with an adaptation strategy (residual impacts) that raises dikes to protect against c ...
... coastal countries of the EU27. The authors use the DIVA model to project the impacts of various sea-level rise and socio-economic scenarios on the countries first without any adaptation (potential impacts) and then with an adaptation strategy (residual impacts) that raises dikes to protect against c ...
A Question of Equilibrium
... scientists. David King refers to them as “important but unknown in their effects”. In a private communication Richard Betts says: “The feedbacks do indeed have implications for our ability to stabilise at 2ºC above pre-industrial (or indeed any level)”. Aubrey Meyer asserts: “The most important set ...
... scientists. David King refers to them as “important but unknown in their effects”. In a private communication Richard Betts says: “The feedbacks do indeed have implications for our ability to stabilise at 2ºC above pre-industrial (or indeed any level)”. Aubrey Meyer asserts: “The most important set ...
Advancing adaptation through climate information services
... n the past when businesses, governments or civil society spoke about action on climate change, they usually spoke about reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While the reasons for focusing on climate change mitigation are manifold and convincing, it appears true that the urgent need to seriously think ...
... n the past when businesses, governments or civil society spoke about action on climate change, they usually spoke about reducing greenhouse gas emissions. While the reasons for focusing on climate change mitigation are manifold and convincing, it appears true that the urgent need to seriously think ...
Climate Change and Collective Responsibility
... objections lodged from the perspective of individualistic conceptions of responsibility that began this chapter. It holds that all residents of nations held liable for climate change mitigation and adaptation are responsible for climate change in at least some significant sense, and therefore that w ...
... objections lodged from the perspective of individualistic conceptions of responsibility that began this chapter. It holds that all residents of nations held liable for climate change mitigation and adaptation are responsible for climate change in at least some significant sense, and therefore that w ...
The Rules of the Game
... help us win it. These principles of climate change communication were created as part of the UK Climate Change Communications Strategy, an evidence-based strategy aiming to change attitudes towards climate change in the UK. The strategy was produced by FUTERRA for the Climate Change Communications W ...
... help us win it. These principles of climate change communication were created as part of the UK Climate Change Communications Strategy, an evidence-based strategy aiming to change attitudes towards climate change in the UK. The strategy was produced by FUTERRA for the Climate Change Communications W ...
Clare Palmer, “Does Nature Matter? The Place of the Nonhuman in
... changes in climate.11 Climate change may also result in the loss of some species; the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report notes that “There is medium confidence that approximately 20–30% of species assessed so far are likely to be at increased risk of extinction if increases in global average warming excee ...
... changes in climate.11 Climate change may also result in the loss of some species; the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report notes that “There is medium confidence that approximately 20–30% of species assessed so far are likely to be at increased risk of extinction if increases in global average warming excee ...
4.3 Approach to CLIMATE CHANGE Scenario Development
... Climate scenarios constitute a major part of Vulnerability and Adaptation (V&A) assessment within national communications: as direct inputs for V&A assessments, as information serving public education about expected climate change, and as a tool to engage stakeholders in policy dialogue, both within ...
... Climate scenarios constitute a major part of Vulnerability and Adaptation (V&A) assessment within national communications: as direct inputs for V&A assessments, as information serving public education about expected climate change, and as a tool to engage stakeholders in policy dialogue, both within ...
Climate Change & Resource Development Scenarios for the
... Although lower levels of climate change impacts are better than high, significant concerns may still exist in relation to water management, quality, and supply. How resources are managed is potentially more important than how much resource development occurs for the social, natural, and economic sys ...
... Although lower levels of climate change impacts are better than high, significant concerns may still exist in relation to water management, quality, and supply. How resources are managed is potentially more important than how much resource development occurs for the social, natural, and economic sys ...
IOC and COP21 - UNESDOC
... ocean has absorbed more than 25% of the CO2 and 93% of excess heat generated by humans since industrialization. But its climate regulating role is threatened: warmer atmosphere and increasing concentration of greenhouse gases, pollution from land, overfishing, unsustainable coastal development and i ...
... ocean has absorbed more than 25% of the CO2 and 93% of excess heat generated by humans since industrialization. But its climate regulating role is threatened: warmer atmosphere and increasing concentration of greenhouse gases, pollution from land, overfishing, unsustainable coastal development and i ...
Projections of Future Climate Change in the 21st Century
... fields. Another measure of radiative forcing is called adjusted forcing (Hansen et al., 1997) which is adopted in IPCC (1996). On calculating the adjusted forcing, the stratospheric meteorological fields are allowed to adjust for the imposed perturbation with the tropospheric meteorological fields h ...
... fields. Another measure of radiative forcing is called adjusted forcing (Hansen et al., 1997) which is adopted in IPCC (1996). On calculating the adjusted forcing, the stratospheric meteorological fields are allowed to adjust for the imposed perturbation with the tropospheric meteorological fields h ...
Buddhist Contributions to Climate Response
... results directly.4 Recent publications draw together studies from a variety of perspectives. The 2013 anthology, Engaging with Climate Change, reports findings related to climate anxiety, apathy, despair, uncertainty, and risk.5 A recent issue of the Journal of the St ...
... results directly.4 Recent publications draw together studies from a variety of perspectives. The 2013 anthology, Engaging with Climate Change, reports findings related to climate anxiety, apathy, despair, uncertainty, and risk.5 A recent issue of the Journal of the St ...
3. the climate change policy framework
... For Jamaica, building resilience to the impacts of climate change is of the highest priority. Among the conclusions of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) are “that global warming since the mid-20th century was unequivocal and caused primarily by huma ...
... For Jamaica, building resilience to the impacts of climate change is of the highest priority. Among the conclusions of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) are “that global warming since the mid-20th century was unequivocal and caused primarily by huma ...
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty (currently the only international climate policy venue with broad legitimacy, due in part to its virtually universal membership) negotiated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992. The objective of the treaty is to ""stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"".The treaty itself set no binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions for individual countries and contains no enforcement mechanisms. In that sense, the treaty is considered legally non-binding. Instead, the treaty provides a framework for negotiating specific international treaties (called ""protocols"") that may set binding limits on greenhouse gases.The UNFCCC was adopted on 9 May 1992, and opened for signature on 4 June 1992, after an Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee produced the text of the Framework Convention as a report following its meeting in New York from 30 April to 9 May 1992. It entered into force on 21 March 1994. As of March 2014, UNFCCC has 196 parties.The parties to the convention have met annually from 1995 in Conferences of the Parties (COP) to assess progress in dealing with climate change. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was concluded and established legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The 2010 Cancún agreements state that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. The 20th COP took place in Peru in 2014.One of the first tasks set by the UNFCCC was for signatory nations to establish national greenhouse gas inventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals, which were used to create the 1990 benchmark levels for accession of Annex I countries to the Kyoto Protocol and for the commitment of those countries to GHG reductions. Updated inventories must be regularly submitted by Annex I countries.The UNFCCC is also the name of the United Nations Secretariat charged with supporting the operation of the Convention, with offices in Haus Carstanjen, and UN Campus [known as: Langer Eugen] Bonn, Germany. From 2006 to 2010 the head of the secretariat was Yvo de Boer. On 17 May 2010, Christiana Figueres from Costa Rica succeeded de Boer. The Secretariat, augmented through the parallel efforts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), aims to gain consensus through meetings and the discussion of various strategies.