Structure, function and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
... oxaloacetate, which is produced by the activity of PC. AcetylCoA, a building block for the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, is then converted into malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Meanwhile, the oxaloacetate generated in the cytosol from citrate is reduced with NADH to malate, which ...
... oxaloacetate, which is produced by the activity of PC. AcetylCoA, a building block for the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, is then converted into malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Meanwhile, the oxaloacetate generated in the cytosol from citrate is reduced with NADH to malate, which ...
Lactic acidosis
... Each subunit also contains one molecule of covalently bound biotin. The reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase is shown below. ⊕ Acetyl-CoA Pyruvate + HCO3- + ATP ------------------> oxaloactete + ADP + Pi + H+ The activity is almost totally dependent on the presence of acetyl CoA as an alloster ...
... Each subunit also contains one molecule of covalently bound biotin. The reaction catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase is shown below. ⊕ Acetyl-CoA Pyruvate + HCO3- + ATP ------------------> oxaloactete + ADP + Pi + H+ The activity is almost totally dependent on the presence of acetyl CoA as an alloster ...
Bile-Acid Sequestrants: Glucose-Lowering Mechanisms - HAL
... dysfunction, demonstrating the importance of the alternative pathway in humans [2]. While CYP7A1 defines the size of the bile acid pool, its composition strongly depends on the activity of the sterol-12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1). This enzyme catalyzes the formation of CA by diverting intermediates from ...
... dysfunction, demonstrating the importance of the alternative pathway in humans [2]. While CYP7A1 defines the size of the bile acid pool, its composition strongly depends on the activity of the sterol-12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1). This enzyme catalyzes the formation of CA by diverting intermediates from ...
Fatty acid
... • Hydrogenating vegetable oils also creates unsaturated fats with trans double bonds • These trans fats may contribute more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease反式脂 肪 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Hydrogenating vegetable oils also creates unsaturated fats with trans double bonds • These trans fats may contribute more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease反式脂 肪 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Metabolic changes in Diabetes mellitus (DM)
... For confirmation of diagnosis DM positivity each of the mentioned parameters have to be confirmed next day by pos positivity any of the mentioned parameter parameter ...
... For confirmation of diagnosis DM positivity each of the mentioned parameters have to be confirmed next day by pos positivity any of the mentioned parameter parameter ...
Phase 1 - Orifera
... Selenium boosts liver protection .Required in small amounts to maintain good health, selenium is essential for many body processes and is especially abundant in the kidneys, liver, spleen, testes and pancreas. Of particular interest to those with chronic liver disease, selenium boasts several functi ...
... Selenium boosts liver protection .Required in small amounts to maintain good health, selenium is essential for many body processes and is especially abundant in the kidneys, liver, spleen, testes and pancreas. Of particular interest to those with chronic liver disease, selenium boasts several functi ...
Microbial Metabolism
... which use water and in which chemical bonds are broken), and they are exergonic (produce more energy than they consume). An example of catabolism occurs when cells break down sugars into carbon dioxide and water. The enzyme-regulated energy-requiring reactions are mostly involved in anabolism, the b ...
... which use water and in which chemical bonds are broken), and they are exergonic (produce more energy than they consume). An example of catabolism occurs when cells break down sugars into carbon dioxide and water. The enzyme-regulated energy-requiring reactions are mostly involved in anabolism, the b ...
Couchioplanes caeruleus - International Journal of Systematic and
... During our taxonomic study of motile actinomycetes isolated from natural sources, we found that strain RA 335, which was isolated from soil in Japan, produces zoospores, has L-lysine in its cell wall, and forms mature mycelium that changes from orange to dark blue. Actinoplanes caeruleus, as describ ...
... During our taxonomic study of motile actinomycetes isolated from natural sources, we found that strain RA 335, which was isolated from soil in Japan, produces zoospores, has L-lysine in its cell wall, and forms mature mycelium that changes from orange to dark blue. Actinoplanes caeruleus, as describ ...
Chapter - I 1 1.1. Introduction to amino acids
... 1.1.1. Overview of the physical properties of the essential amino acids Amino acids, as the building blocks of the most diverse biological compounds, have a characteristic structure. With the exception of proline, all twenty amino acids have an amino group and a carboxyl group with a functional grou ...
... 1.1.1. Overview of the physical properties of the essential amino acids Amino acids, as the building blocks of the most diverse biological compounds, have a characteristic structure. With the exception of proline, all twenty amino acids have an amino group and a carboxyl group with a functional grou ...
S08 Glycolysis
... - Called hexokinase D or type IV, presents mainly in the liver and β-cells of ...
... - Called hexokinase D or type IV, presents mainly in the liver and β-cells of ...
Enzymes–II
... enzyme molecules possess extremely low Fig. 17–1. Relative dimensions of a medium-sized rates of diffusion and form colloidal systems enzyme molecule (MW 1,00,000 ; diameter 7 nm) and a in water. Being colloidal in nature, the typical substrate molecule (MW 250 ; diameter 0.8 nm) enzymes are nondial ...
... enzyme molecules possess extremely low Fig. 17–1. Relative dimensions of a medium-sized rates of diffusion and form colloidal systems enzyme molecule (MW 1,00,000 ; diameter 7 nm) and a in water. Being colloidal in nature, the typical substrate molecule (MW 250 ; diameter 0.8 nm) enzymes are nondial ...
Applications of microbes in industry: Production of primary and
... a. Primary metabolites (produced during the growth phase of the organism, eg, ethanol, citric acid, glutamic acid, lysine, vitamins and polysaccharides) b. Secondary metabolites (produced during the stationary phase, eg, penicillin, cyclosporin A, gibberellin, and lovastatin). 3. Enzymes and other p ...
... a. Primary metabolites (produced during the growth phase of the organism, eg, ethanol, citric acid, glutamic acid, lysine, vitamins and polysaccharides) b. Secondary metabolites (produced during the stationary phase, eg, penicillin, cyclosporin A, gibberellin, and lovastatin). 3. Enzymes and other p ...
Fumaric acid: an overlooked form of fixed carbon in Arabidopsis and
... production of more than one substantial peak on the gas chromatograph, indicating that derivatization and extraction of that organic acid results in formation of more than one chemical product (Table 1). Comparison of the column retention times of the derivatized products of succinic acid, alpha-ket ...
... production of more than one substantial peak on the gas chromatograph, indicating that derivatization and extraction of that organic acid results in formation of more than one chemical product (Table 1). Comparison of the column retention times of the derivatized products of succinic acid, alpha-ket ...
Bypassing the glucose/fatty acid cycle: AMP
... isoforms of ACC, encoded by separate genes [7,8]. ACC1 (ACCα; molecular mass 265 kDa) is expressed primarily in lipogenic tissues, such as liver, adipose and lactating mammary gland, and produces malonyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis. ACC2 (ACCβ; 280 kDa) is predominantly expressed in cardiac and ske ...
... isoforms of ACC, encoded by separate genes [7,8]. ACC1 (ACCα; molecular mass 265 kDa) is expressed primarily in lipogenic tissues, such as liver, adipose and lactating mammary gland, and produces malonyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis. ACC2 (ACCβ; 280 kDa) is predominantly expressed in cardiac and ske ...
View PDF - e-Science Central
... different media [2-15]. The kinetics and mechanism of antitumor activity of platinum (IV) compounds can be understood by investigating the reactivity of these compounds toward their reduction by bio-reductants such as amino acids [5-15]. Amino acids act as the building blocks in the synthesis of pro ...
... different media [2-15]. The kinetics and mechanism of antitumor activity of platinum (IV) compounds can be understood by investigating the reactivity of these compounds toward their reduction by bio-reductants such as amino acids [5-15]. Amino acids act as the building blocks in the synthesis of pro ...
Prevention of Tryptophan Oxidation During Iodination of Tyrosyl
... observed during electrolytic iodination of angioten sin II [3]. How ever in other labelling experim ents, reported in the literature, the partial iodination is mainly pursued by using an excess of reagent and a very reduced reaction time ( 1 0 sec), rather than a lack of oxidant. W hen tyrosine alo ...
... observed during electrolytic iodination of angioten sin II [3]. How ever in other labelling experim ents, reported in the literature, the partial iodination is mainly pursued by using an excess of reagent and a very reduced reaction time ( 1 0 sec), rather than a lack of oxidant. W hen tyrosine alo ...
Biochemical and physiological bases for utilization
... considered as conditionally essential amino acids, because they are synthesized insufficiently by animals at certain developmental stages (e.g., the neonatal period) or under certain feeding conditions (corn- and soybean meal-based diets for weanling pigs). The main function of dietary amino acids i ...
... considered as conditionally essential amino acids, because they are synthesized insufficiently by animals at certain developmental stages (e.g., the neonatal period) or under certain feeding conditions (corn- and soybean meal-based diets for weanling pigs). The main function of dietary amino acids i ...
NVC Bio 120 lect 9 cell respiration
... Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy ( ...
... Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy ( ...
Chapter 9 Modified
... • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentati ...
... • All use glycolysis (net ATP = 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food • In all three, NAD+ is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis • The processes have different final electron acceptors: an organic molecule (such as pyruvate or acetaldehyde) in fermentati ...
Metabolism and Nutrition VI: Enzymes
... Jr., University of Georgia, Athens. Phytase and vitamin D3 derivatives, such as 1α-OHD3 improve birds′ ability to utilize phytate phosphorus. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of phytase in combination with 1α-OHD3 on broilers performance and mineral ...
... Jr., University of Georgia, Athens. Phytase and vitamin D3 derivatives, such as 1α-OHD3 improve birds′ ability to utilize phytate phosphorus. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of phytase in combination with 1α-OHD3 on broilers performance and mineral ...
Biochemical changes during the development of witches` broom: the
... (MDA), glycerol, and fatty acids were analysed in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shoots during the infection and development of WBD. Alterations were observed in the content of soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), asparagine and alkaloids (caffeine and theobromine), ethylene, and tannins. Ethyl ...
... (MDA), glycerol, and fatty acids were analysed in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) shoots during the infection and development of WBD. Alterations were observed in the content of soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), asparagine and alkaloids (caffeine and theobromine), ethylene, and tannins. Ethyl ...
Symbiotic bacteria enable insect to use a nutritionally inadequate diet
... these nutrients; but this has not been demonstrated empirically. We demonstrate here that phloem sap obtained from the severed stylets of pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding on Vicia faba plants generally provided inadequate amounts of at least one essential amino acid to support aphid growth. Co ...
... these nutrients; but this has not been demonstrated empirically. We demonstrate here that phloem sap obtained from the severed stylets of pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding on Vicia faba plants generally provided inadequate amounts of at least one essential amino acid to support aphid growth. Co ...
Chapter 9 outline
... •Glucose enters the cell and is phosphorylated by the enzyme hexokinase which transfers a phosphate group fro ATP to sugar •The charge of the phosphate group traps the sugar in the cell because the plasma membrane is impermeable to membranes. •Phosphorylation makes glucose more ...
... •Glucose enters the cell and is phosphorylated by the enzyme hexokinase which transfers a phosphate group fro ATP to sugar •The charge of the phosphate group traps the sugar in the cell because the plasma membrane is impermeable to membranes. •Phosphorylation makes glucose more ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.