Engineering cell factories for producing building block chemicals for
... Escherichia coli naturally produces optically pure d-lactic acid and has many advantages as a host for microbial production, such as simple nutritional requirements and well-established systems for genetic manipulation [33]. However, E. coli performs mixed-acid fermentation, in which the principal p ...
... Escherichia coli naturally produces optically pure d-lactic acid and has many advantages as a host for microbial production, such as simple nutritional requirements and well-established systems for genetic manipulation [33]. However, E. coli performs mixed-acid fermentation, in which the principal p ...
Autotrophic carbon fixation in archaea
... In the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle, which was discovered about 50 years ago, CO2 reacts with the five-carbon sugar ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate to yield two carboxylic acids, 3-phosphoglycerate, from which the sugar is regenerated103. This cycle operates in plants, algae, cyanobacteria, some aerobic or ...
... In the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle, which was discovered about 50 years ago, CO2 reacts with the five-carbon sugar ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate to yield two carboxylic acids, 3-phosphoglycerate, from which the sugar is regenerated103. This cycle operates in plants, algae, cyanobacteria, some aerobic or ...
Biology 12 - Biologically Important Molecules
... _______________ of one nucleotide and the _______________ of the other nucleotide. 15. Three molecules composed of nucleotides are _____________________________ 16. _______________ are lipids containing phosphorous that are particularly important in the formation of cell membranes. 17. Which element ...
... _______________ of one nucleotide and the _______________ of the other nucleotide. 15. Three molecules composed of nucleotides are _____________________________ 16. _______________ are lipids containing phosphorous that are particularly important in the formation of cell membranes. 17. Which element ...
Energy „flow” in the organism
... Proteins of animal origin – high BV (they contain all of the essential amino acids, with a nearly optimal composition) meat (75%), milk, diary products (lactalbumin, lactoglobulin, casein; ~85%), egg (ovalbumin; 94%), whey protein (~100%!) Proteins of plant origin: usually lower BV ...
... Proteins of animal origin – high BV (they contain all of the essential amino acids, with a nearly optimal composition) meat (75%), milk, diary products (lactalbumin, lactoglobulin, casein; ~85%), egg (ovalbumin; 94%), whey protein (~100%!) Proteins of plant origin: usually lower BV ...
PDF - FEMS Microbiology Letters
... and, in an attempt to discover whether both compounds act as substrates for the same enzyme or whether a separate enzyme is involved, he concluded that it seems highly probable that only one enzyme is involved in both decarboxylations (Epps, 1944). Finally in 1948, McGilvery and Cohen, in the course ...
... and, in an attempt to discover whether both compounds act as substrates for the same enzyme or whether a separate enzyme is involved, he concluded that it seems highly probable that only one enzyme is involved in both decarboxylations (Epps, 1944). Finally in 1948, McGilvery and Cohen, in the course ...
Journal of Biological Chemistry
... upon amino acid incorporation into protein of the liver ribosome system (Table II) just as effectively as it does the decrease in hepatic ATP concentration induced by the same analogue (3). These results tend to implicate cellular BTP deficiency as being important in the inhibition of protein synthe ...
... upon amino acid incorporation into protein of the liver ribosome system (Table II) just as effectively as it does the decrease in hepatic ATP concentration induced by the same analogue (3). These results tend to implicate cellular BTP deficiency as being important in the inhibition of protein synthe ...
Glycolysis
... Glucokinase has a high KM for glucose. It is active only at high [glucose]. One effect of insulin, a hormone produced when blood glucose is high, is activation in liver of transcription of the gene that encodes the Glucokinase enzyme. Glucokinase is not subject to product inhibition by glucose ...
... Glucokinase has a high KM for glucose. It is active only at high [glucose]. One effect of insulin, a hormone produced when blood glucose is high, is activation in liver of transcription of the gene that encodes the Glucokinase enzyme. Glucokinase is not subject to product inhibition by glucose ...
Glycolysis
... Glucokinase has a high KM for glucose. It is active only at high [glucose]. One effect of insulin, a hormone produced when blood glucose is high, is activation in liver of transcription of the gene that encodes the Glucokinase enzyme. Glucokinase is not subject to product inhibition by glucose ...
... Glucokinase has a high KM for glucose. It is active only at high [glucose]. One effect of insulin, a hormone produced when blood glucose is high, is activation in liver of transcription of the gene that encodes the Glucokinase enzyme. Glucokinase is not subject to product inhibition by glucose ...
Document
... Human industrial production amounts to some 80 x 109 kg of ammonia yearly. The industrial process (Haber-Bosh process) uses an Fe catalyst to dissociate molecules of N2 to atomic nitrogen on the catalyst surface, followed by reaction with H2 to form ammonia. This reaction typically runs at ~450º C a ...
... Human industrial production amounts to some 80 x 109 kg of ammonia yearly. The industrial process (Haber-Bosh process) uses an Fe catalyst to dissociate molecules of N2 to atomic nitrogen on the catalyst surface, followed by reaction with H2 to form ammonia. This reaction typically runs at ~450º C a ...
Are Hydrophobins and/or Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Proteins
... peaks were identical with the barley LTP1 peaks (Fig. 4b). The masses of the other peaks corresponded to adducts of one or several units with a mass of about 162 Da. Jégou et al. (2000) showed that these adducts correspond to glucose units that were covalently bound upon the protein via Maillard-re ...
... peaks were identical with the barley LTP1 peaks (Fig. 4b). The masses of the other peaks corresponded to adducts of one or several units with a mass of about 162 Da. Jégou et al. (2000) showed that these adducts correspond to glucose units that were covalently bound upon the protein via Maillard-re ...
Structure and function of carbohydrate
... carbohydrate-modifying enzymes: galactarolactone cycloisomerase and keto-deoxy-Dgalactarate dehydratase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and aldose-aldose oxidoreductase from Caulobacter crescentus. Galactarolactone cycloisomerase and keto-deoxy-D-galactarate dehydratase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens ...
... carbohydrate-modifying enzymes: galactarolactone cycloisomerase and keto-deoxy-Dgalactarate dehydratase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and aldose-aldose oxidoreductase from Caulobacter crescentus. Galactarolactone cycloisomerase and keto-deoxy-D-galactarate dehydratase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens ...
Accumulation of D6-unsaturated fatty acids in transgenic tobacco
... and/or ALA. In view of the low levels of GLA and OTA observed in the mature seeds of the c2 tobacco line, the fatty acid composition of developing transgenic tobacco seeds was determined, at three defined stages of seed development (Bearson and Lamppa, 1993; Napier et al., 1995). These were categori ...
... and/or ALA. In view of the low levels of GLA and OTA observed in the mature seeds of the c2 tobacco line, the fatty acid composition of developing transgenic tobacco seeds was determined, at three defined stages of seed development (Bearson and Lamppa, 1993; Napier et al., 1995). These were categori ...
Oncogenic regulation of tumor metabolic reprogramming
... the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors in which a clear hereditary pattern is not found. This complexity causes difficulties in the risk evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Cancer, one of the most prevalent multifactorial diseases, is characterize ...
... the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors in which a clear hereditary pattern is not found. This complexity causes difficulties in the risk evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Cancer, one of the most prevalent multifactorial diseases, is characterize ...
Properties and sequence of the coenzyme B12
... bacteria only little information is available about the genes and enzymes responsible for glycerol utilization by clostridia. The activity of all four key enzymes known from 1,3-propanediol-forming enteric bacteria has been determined in crude extracts of C. pasteurianum [8]. This was also done for ...
... bacteria only little information is available about the genes and enzymes responsible for glycerol utilization by clostridia. The activity of all four key enzymes known from 1,3-propanediol-forming enteric bacteria has been determined in crude extracts of C. pasteurianum [8]. This was also done for ...
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[ Care and Use ManUal ] Pico•Tag column for free amino
... will provide the speed, resolution, and sensitivity needed for amino acid ...
... will provide the speed, resolution, and sensitivity needed for amino acid ...
Amino acid - Suffolk County Community College
... © Cengage Learning 2015 well-being and that of others," Roberts said. ...
... © Cengage Learning 2015 well-being and that of others," Roberts said. ...
Module 1. General principles of metabolism. Metabolism of
... 42. They use diamination reaction for quantitative determination of α-amino acids. What are you use reagent for quantitative determination amino groups in amino acids? A. NaCl. B. KOH. C. NH4NO3. D. * HNO2. E. HCl. 43. Total amount of albumins and globulins in blood plasma for healthy people is: A. ...
... 42. They use diamination reaction for quantitative determination of α-amino acids. What are you use reagent for quantitative determination amino groups in amino acids? A. NaCl. B. KOH. C. NH4NO3. D. * HNO2. E. HCl. 43. Total amount of albumins and globulins in blood plasma for healthy people is: A. ...
Module 2 General principles of metabolism. Мetabolism of carbohy
... 25. Consider a hypothetical metabolic pathway for the synthesis of the amino acid arginine: precursor A intermediate B arginine. Each reaction is catalyzed by a different enzyme. This metabolic pathway is controlled by feedback inhibition with arginine inhibiting the conversion of precursor A to int ...
... 25. Consider a hypothetical metabolic pathway for the synthesis of the amino acid arginine: precursor A intermediate B arginine. Each reaction is catalyzed by a different enzyme. This metabolic pathway is controlled by feedback inhibition with arginine inhibiting the conversion of precursor A to int ...
Glycolysis
... provides the electrons and enough reduction potential to do the job. In fact, consuming NADH is the main goal of this reaction. Cellular levels of NAD+/NADH are limited, and oxidation of NADH back to NAD+, provides an ongoing supply of this reactant for continued oxidation of GAP and continued produ ...
... provides the electrons and enough reduction potential to do the job. In fact, consuming NADH is the main goal of this reaction. Cellular levels of NAD+/NADH are limited, and oxidation of NADH back to NAD+, provides an ongoing supply of this reactant for continued oxidation of GAP and continued produ ...
nutritional ecology and general principles of artificial
... Carbohydrate is a major source of energy for most insects. Although some insects are known to have an absolute requirement for a specific carbohydrate in the diet, many others do not have these requirements. For all insects, carbohydrate is a very important fuel source. They may be converted to lipi ...
... Carbohydrate is a major source of energy for most insects. Although some insects are known to have an absolute requirement for a specific carbohydrate in the diet, many others do not have these requirements. For all insects, carbohydrate is a very important fuel source. They may be converted to lipi ...
Document
... Why chemists are needed? Gene expression is very popular, relatively easy and cheap method: it is good for long linear peptides or proteins containing L-amino acids. However: no D-amino acids no unnatural amino acids no post translation (Hyp, Pyr, glyco- and phosphopeptides) ...
... Why chemists are needed? Gene expression is very popular, relatively easy and cheap method: it is good for long linear peptides or proteins containing L-amino acids. However: no D-amino acids no unnatural amino acids no post translation (Hyp, Pyr, glyco- and phosphopeptides) ...
Deuterium fractionation of methylamine through atomic grain
... finding is of interest in view of astrobiology because methylamine could be a precursor of amino acid in space [2]. Laboratory studies revealed that methylamine can be formed by various reactions both in the gas phase and the solid phase in molecular clouds (MCs) [3,4]. In either case, it is likely ...
... finding is of interest in view of astrobiology because methylamine could be a precursor of amino acid in space [2]. Laboratory studies revealed that methylamine can be formed by various reactions both in the gas phase and the solid phase in molecular clouds (MCs) [3,4]. In either case, it is likely ...
Binding of the EcoRII methyltransferase to 5
... isolated. 5-fluorocytosine in DNA has also been shown to form a tight binding complex with a DNA methyltransferase (7). The formation of this complex is dependent on the presence of AdoMet; no isolatable covalent complex is formed in the absence of this substrate. Methylation of the DNA must occur f ...
... isolated. 5-fluorocytosine in DNA has also been shown to form a tight binding complex with a DNA methyltransferase (7). The formation of this complex is dependent on the presence of AdoMet; no isolatable covalent complex is formed in the absence of this substrate. Methylation of the DNA must occur f ...
Full-Text PDF
... synonymous. The assignment of codons to amino acids across the code table is clearly non-random: related amino acids typically occupy contiguous areas in the table. The second position of a codon is the most important specificity determinant, and three of the four columns of the table encode related ...
... synonymous. The assignment of codons to amino acids across the code table is clearly non-random: related amino acids typically occupy contiguous areas in the table. The second position of a codon is the most important specificity determinant, and three of the four columns of the table encode related ...