• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Entry of Pyruvate into
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Entry of Pyruvate into

... The enzyme is a complex similar to PDH and the coenzymes TPP, lipoamide and FAD are required. CO2 is removed, NADH is formed from NAD+ and a thioester bond is formed with CoASH to form succinylCoA. 5. Hydrolysis of the thioester of Succinyl CoA releases ~31 kJ/mol which is captured for the synthesis ...
Ch t 19 apter 19 The Citric Acid Cycle
Ch t 19 apter 19 The Citric Acid Cycle

The Need for Constant Renewal of the Antibacterial
The Need for Constant Renewal of the Antibacterial

... • Antibiotics pumped out of cell – can explain resistance to structurally unrelated agents eg tetracyclines and quinolones ...
7-cellular-respiration
7-cellular-respiration

... Where does this stage occur? What is glucose broken down to? What is meant by the energy investment phase? What occurs during step 1? Where does the second phosphorylation occur? What is the name of the enzyme that catalyses the second phosphorylation? Is the second phosphorylation reversible/irreve ...
Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25:
Biotechnology and Bioengineering 25:

... In the determination of the nutritive value of microorganisms, consideration must be given to the effect of N in compounds other than proteins, peptides, and amino acid-namely, the nucleic acids and polyhexosamines. In bacteria, by far the greater contribution to non-a-NH2 is from nucleic acid, whos ...
Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profile of Twenty Wild Plants
Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profile of Twenty Wild Plants

... Abstract The amino acids and fatty acids of twenty wild plants used as spices which were collected in Cameroon were investigated. The most important of total non-essential amino acids (TNEAA) contents have been found in A. daniellii (52.04%), C. frutescens (50.53%), D. psilurus (56.22%), H. gabonii ...
Hormones in intermediary metabolism
Hormones in intermediary metabolism

Slide 1
Slide 1

... Fat catabolism: generation of energy by fatty acid oxidation Fat (triacylglycerol) and Fatty Acids: 90% of dietary lipids are tryacylglycerol, a hydrophobic, neutral molecule made from reaction of OH group of glycerol and COO- group of fatty acids. Fatty acids are made up of a long hydrophobic hydro ...
Metabolic Processes
Metabolic Processes

... bonds I. They are responsible for the surface tension properties of water. II. They are responsible for the relatively high boiling point of water. III. They are responsible for adhesion- cohesion IV. The make water a good heat sink. V. The maximum density of water occurs at 4°C ...
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 118, pp. 7646.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 118, pp. 7646.

... with a sialidase activity. Influenza C virus has three activities expressed in one glycoprotein, HEF: receptor-binding (hemagglutination), receptor inactivation (esterase activity for Neu5,9Ac2), and fusion. Chapter 10 describes several genetic disorders in sialic acid metabolism and their biochemic ...
CNTF Human, His
CNTF Human, His

... CNTF is a polypeptide hormone whose actions appear to be restricted to the nervous system where it promotes neurotransmitter synthesis and neurite outgrowth in certain neuronal populations. The protein is a potent survival factor for neurons and oligodendrocytes and may be relevant in reducing tissu ...
Document
Document

... acids but take a different shape. 100 times smaller than the smallest known virus. ...
mic.sgmjournals.org
mic.sgmjournals.org

Free Amino Acids Content of Honeys from Poland Katarzyna
Free Amino Acids Content of Honeys from Poland Katarzyna

... amino acid and plant source was not observed in our studies. At the  same time, this confirms that proline is  mainly added by  bees in  the  process of  nectar transformation to honey. Proline content lower than 180 mg/kg [Bogdanov & Martin, 2002] or 200 mg/kg [Hermosin et al., 2003] could mean tha ...
ppt - Carnegie Mellon University
ppt - Carnegie Mellon University

... Carnegie Mellon University, *University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA ...
Proteins
Proteins

... B. Amino acids are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. C. Amino acids all have the same basic structure. They all have a central carbon atom that is bound to the following (Figure 5.1): 1. A single hydrogen atom 2. A carboxylic acid group (-COOH) 3. An amino group (-NH2) 4. ...
The effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
The effect of pH on the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction

... • Most enzymatic reactions require both the substrate and the amino acid residues in the active site of the enzyme to have a specific charge state.  Changes in pH change this charge state and hence affect the rate of the reaction. ...
Transport of Aromatic Amino Acids by Brevibacterium linens
Transport of Aromatic Amino Acids by Brevibacterium linens

... than 38% (Table 1). It would appear that the aamino and a-carboxyl are less important in this case than for the transport of the other two aromatic amino acids, since these functional groups were absent from potent inhibitors. The length of the carbon chain on the indole ring also seems to be of sec ...
Chapter 2: Major Metabolic Pathway
Chapter 2: Major Metabolic Pathway

... Autotrophs and Heterotrophs •Organisms are divided into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their energy pathways. •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are th ...
Major Metabolic Pathway
Major Metabolic Pathway

... Autotrophs and Heterotrophs •Organisms are divided into autotrophs and heterotrophs according to their energy pathways. •Autotrophs are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are th ...
Document
Document

... energy; in fact, two ATP molecules are expended for each glucose. These initial steps “prime the pump” by adding phosphates to each end of the sugar. The phosphates will soon be used to make ATP. The three-carbon stage of glycolysis begins when the enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase catalyzes ...
Homework (ALL)
Homework (ALL)

... 17. Some farmers use formic acid to acidify milk fed to calves; acidification prevents the milk from spoiling. If concentrated formic acid is diluted in water does ‘leveling’ affect the acid’s strength? If so, is the effect greater than the effects expected from simple dilution? 18. In which of thes ...
Cellular Respiration Check-in Questions: THESE Questions are
Cellular Respiration Check-in Questions: THESE Questions are

... 2. Which statement(s) accurately describes the function of a metabolic pathway? a. The function of the citric acid cycle is oxidation of an acetyl group to CO2 with production of high-energy reduced compounds and ATP. b. The function of fermentation is to continue the oxidation of pyruvate in the ab ...
Chapter 11 Problem Set
Chapter 11 Problem Set

... The shape of the curve indicates that at low compressive forces, the lipids in the surface monolayer behave as if they are in a two-dimensional gas phase wherein they are not packed closely with one another. As force is increased further, they form a 2-D liquid and the surface area each molecule occ ...
EXPLORING PROTEIN STRUCTURE
EXPLORING PROTEIN STRUCTURE

... the proteins that you eat and digest. Every time you eat a burger (vege or beef), you break the proteins down into single amino acids ready for use in building new proteins. And yes, proteins have the job of digesting proteins, they are known as proteases. There are only 20 different amino acids but ...
< 1 ... 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report