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animal_responses_to_the_environment
animal_responses_to_the_environment

... J Gerber and J Goliath ...
What is the prognosis for new centrally-acting anti
What is the prognosis for new centrally-acting anti

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... make FDG. Fluorine-18 is reacted with agents also supplied by Sigma-Aldrich to produce the radioactive drug used in the medical diagnostic studies. Other enriched compounds include enriched molecular oxygen and nitrogen enriched in nitrogen-13 and are also used as target materials to produce PET rad ...
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Parietal Cortex and Hippocampal Contributions to RuleBased

... brains, rats provide a useful model for many cognitive processes and abilities. Rats have excellent spatial  navigation skills, and are ideal study subjects for experiments involving single cell recordings. In  addition, rats and humans share many brain structures, including the hippocampus and par ...
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Hypothalamic Circadian Organization in Birds. I. Anatomy
Hypothalamic Circadian Organization in Birds. I. Anatomy

... sufficient to identify the site of circadian oscillations but to characterize a defined cell group showing anatomical and=or morphological features justifying the term ‘suprachiasmatic nucleus’. On the other hand, identifying the site of a hypothalamic oscillator that may act as a pacemaker requires ...
The Biological Perspective
The Biological Perspective

... the cell can enter through tiny openings in the membrane, while other substances in the cell can also get outside. The ions inside the cell, which carry a negative charge, are so big that they can’t get out. So the inside of the cell is primarily negative when at rest. Outside the cell are positivel ...
A comparison of the drugs taken in fatal and nonfatal self
A comparison of the drugs taken in fatal and nonfatal self

... take (1). We know that the availability of methods for self-harm can influence suicidal behaviour and even suicide rates (2, 3). Thus, restricted prescribing of barbiturates since the late 1960s (4, 5 ) resulted in an impressive drop in the number of deaths due to overdoses with this type of drug. I ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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