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The Biology of Mind - American International School
The Biology of Mind - American International School

... Neurons transmit messages when stimulated by signals from our senses or when triggered by chemical signals from neighboring neurons. In response, a neuron fires an impulse, called the action potential—a brief electrical charge that travels down its axon. Depending on the type of fiber, a neural impu ...
Click here for handouts
Click here for handouts

... ► Long Term Effects of “Bath Salts” ● unknown, could be permanent ○ what damages ? ○ how long damage might last ? ○ long-term ramifications? ● limited studies and trial on humans ○ small changes in chemical composition can produce extremely different side effects ...
Opioid Facts
Opioid Facts

... Among the compounds that fall within this class are hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin), oxycodone (e.g., OxyContin—an oral, controlled-release form of the drug), morphine, fentanyl, codeine, and related medications. Morphine and fentanyl are often used to alleviate severe pain, while codeine is used for mi ...
Seizure threshold psychotropics (powerpoint file)
Seizure threshold psychotropics (powerpoint file)

... • Caution administering clozapine to patients having a history of seizures or other predisposing factors. • Sedation + lower the seizure threshold caution re: driving, operating machinery, other activities where sudden loss of consciousness could cause serious risk patient/others (especially during ...
sleep - OneDrive
sleep - OneDrive

... upward into the thalamus, hypothalamus, most areas of the limbic system, and even the neocortex of the cerebrum. TIn addition, fibers extend downward into the spinal cord, terminating in the posterior horns where they can inhibit incoming sensory signals, including pain. It is also known that many n ...
How clinical trials create breakthroughs in care
How clinical trials create breakthroughs in care

... cancer stem cells Tumor looses its ability to generate new cells ...
6th ANNUAL NEUROSCIENCE, BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH RESEARCH FORUM The University of Vermont
6th ANNUAL NEUROSCIENCE, BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH RESEARCH FORUM The University of Vermont

... University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405 Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients often experience constipation, but the etiology of this symptom is unknown. To gain a better understanding of this condition, we tested whether gastrointestinal (GI) function is altered in mice with expe ...
What good is feeling bad? - UM Personal World Wide Web Server
What good is feeling bad? - UM Personal World Wide Web Server

... era. In the old days-three or four years ago-all antidepressants had side effects so annoying that normal people would not take them. Fluoxetine is one of the first effective agents with only minor side effects in a class of drugs the psychiatrist Peter D. Kramer of Brown University has called mood ...
Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System LEARNING
Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System LEARNING

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docx doc 2 - Studybay.com
docx doc 2 - Studybay.com

... Zoloft is an antidepressant drug that is in a group of drugs known as serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The molecular formulae of Zoloft is C17H17C12N with the molecular weight is 342.7. The drug has an effect on the brain chemicals that might be unbalanced especially in people who are depressed, peopl ...
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Melatonin - City Tech OpenLab
Melatonin - City Tech OpenLab

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The Nursing Process and Drug Therapy
The Nursing Process and Drug Therapy

... 1. You are caring for a patient who has diabetes complicated by kidney disease. You will need to make a detailed assessment when administering medications because this patient may experience problems with: A. Absorption B. Biotransformation C. Distribution D. Excretion ...
Psychology
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... for initiating movement so you can turn around and look at the person to decide how to respond to them. Nerve impulses are responsible for the way information is transmitted from one neuron to another throughout the nervous system in a rapid manner. Neurons are able to communicate through bodily che ...
Chapter 13: Peripheral Nervous System
Chapter 13: Peripheral Nervous System

... Organization of the Somatosensory System  Input comes from exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors ...
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... 4.1. The distributions of degenerated axon terminals and WGA-HRP-labeled cells in the Sg In AChE-stained sections, the label found in the Sg was expressed unevenly, as shown in Fig. 3A; it exhibited a patchy profile featuring both darkly and lightly stained portions (Graybiel and Berson, 1980; Hoshin ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... levels of BDNF in depressed patients[21]. 4.3. Neurotransmitters The normal physiology of the body is affected by depression and these systems include neurotransmitters, stress hormones and neuronal plasticity. Serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine are monoamine neurotransmitters which are implicat ...
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Depression Pharmacological Treatments
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... 1.Kupfer DJ. J Clin Psychiatry 1991;52 (5, Suppl): 28–34 2.Fawcett J et al J Clin Psych 1997; 58(suppl 6):32–38. 3. Ballenger JC. J Clin Psych 1999; 60(suppl 22):29–34. ...
General Organization of Somatosensory System
General Organization of Somatosensory System

... Mammalian muscle spindle showing typical position in a muscle (left), neuronal connections in spinal cord (middle), and expanded schematic (right). The spindle is a stretch receptor with its own motor supply consisting of several intrafusal muscle fibers. The sensory endings of a primary (group Ia) ...
The Cerebral Association Cortex
The Cerebral Association Cortex

... fuzziness in remembering faces, not an absolute loss of one face and not of another. Truth probably lies somewhere between these two extremes. b) Is the function of a particular cortical area identical in different people? No. The cortex is very plastic, particularly in early life. If a particular s ...
psych medications
psych medications

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Laquinimod For Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Laquinimod For Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

... – Budd-Chiari Syndrome (n=1): reversible, in a patient with Factor V Leiden mutation – Pituitary Adenoma (n=1): incidental MRI finding. Was present before initiation of study drug. No signs of adenoma on histology – Liver enzymes elevation (n=1): reversible, without elevations in bilirubin. Re-appea ...
Parazoanthoxanthin A blocks Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine
Parazoanthoxanthin A blocks Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine

... an open channel blocking mode of action, whereas the partial summation with a d-TC effect indicates a possible competitive mode of ParaA inhibition of nAChR. The actual mode of action of ParaA thus needs to be further examined. The effect of other AChE inhibitors has been studied on Torpedo nAChR. G ...
5HT6 receptors AVN-211 (CD-008
5HT6 receptors AVN-211 (CD-008

... diverse residual psychopathology, including both residual positive, negative, and cognitive disorders, is a critical factor in determining the long-term therapeutic strategy. Over the last several years, researchers have repeatedly tried to find a way to expand the profile of therapeutic action of a ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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