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Motion perception: Seeing and deciding
Motion perception: Seeing and deciding

... monkeys performed a two-alternative, forced choice discrimination of motion direction. Our ultimate goal is to understand how perceptual decisions are formed in the context of this visual discrimination task. ...
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to

... one were polysynaptically activated by ADN stimulation. The mean onset latency for AP-evoked action potentials was 10.1 6 3.4 (mean 6 SD) ms. As we have previously shown for NTS neurons receiving combined AP and ADN inputs (5), ADN stimulation evoked action potentials having either a long-onset late ...
Functional Disconnectivities in Autistic Spectrum
Functional Disconnectivities in Autistic Spectrum

... associated dysfunctional specialization needed for lateralized processing of language function and non-language skills. It is thought that cortical and subcortical dysfunction which results from aberrant patterns of activation or arousal [34], interand intrahemispheric transmission deficits, inadequ ...
Antihelminth
Antihelminth

... dizziness, GI disturbance In Onchocerciasis: Mazotti reaction: fever, headache, dizziness, somnolence (state of being drowsy), weekness, rash ,diarrhea, arthralagia, hypotension, lymphadenitis, peripheral edema due to killing of microfiliariae, for this steroids may be necessary for several days Swe ...
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy

... These findings indicate that dendrites take an active role in regulating synaptic integration. In addition to the synaptic scaling described here, our recent studies [3] have shown that several voltage-gated channel types are expressed with a somato-dendritic gradient, in a manner that has important ...
E: Psychoactive Drugs Other than Narcotics and Stimulants
E: Psychoactive Drugs Other than Narcotics and Stimulants

... amount of THC in the drug, is up to ten times greater than marijuana used in the early 1970s (312). Several researchers and laboratories have recently made progress in determining how marijuana acts on the brain (321). Researchers have found that THC changes the way sensory information gets into and ...
Chapter 15
Chapter 15

... feared psychological problem among the elderly  It is, however, hardly the only one • A variety of psychological disorders are tied closely to later life  As with childhood disorders, some of the disorders of old age are caused primarily by pressures that are particularly likely to appear at that ...
Learning and Memory - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Learning and Memory - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

... molecular similarities to invertebrates, as well as some differences. At the behavioral level mammals show the same basic, generic processes of encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. The added circuit complexity of the mammalian brain allows for greater diversity in behavior but also makes a full d ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... – Most violent form of dyskinesia (movement disorder) – Usually associated with lesions in the sub-thalamic nucleus (which regulates the globus pallidus) – Hemiballism: unilateral ballism (e.g. unilateral stroke) – Can be treated with dopamine blockade or resection of GP. ...
ppt file
ppt file

Caffeine - People Server at UNCW
Caffeine - People Server at UNCW

... • Pain-killers (caffeine synergizes acetylsalicylic acid) • Diuretics and cold preparations ...
in the elderly
in the elderly

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Chapter_28_HB_Nervous_System
Chapter_28_HB_Nervous_System

... Figure 28.10A Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing

... A psychological explanation of these finding has been proposed by Jeannerod. He suggested that “mere visual perception, without involvement of the motor system would only provide a description of the visible aspects of the movements of the agent, but it would not give precise information about the i ...
Comparative Medicine - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group
Comparative Medicine - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group

... the disease. Seeking an animal model for research is important in understanding the molecular mechanisms of this disease. Even though there are reports of sporadic iron overload in rats, it has not been known if this was caused by genetic or environmental influences. Historically, mice have been use ...
Chapter 6: Summary and Discussion
Chapter 6: Summary and Discussion

... modulation depends on feedback from higher visual and perhaps frontal areas (Matsumoto et al., 2003; Padoa-Schioppa and Assad, 2006), which explains why it is expressed during a delayed phase of the neuronal response. The results presented in chapter 3, in combination with previous studies (Dorris a ...
Investigating the neurocognitive deficits associated with chronic
Investigating the neurocognitive deficits associated with chronic

... establish that prolonged administration of such drugs produces not only the kind of chemical and morphological changes already widely documented [12], but also cognitive and behavioural changes comparable to those demonstrated in the kind of studies under review here. In the absence of such data, it ...
IJCB 50B(3) (Book Review)
IJCB 50B(3) (Book Review)

... Tandon (published by Medicinal Plants Unit, Indian Council of Medicinal Research, New Delhi), 2010, pp.xii+378, price Rs. 1574 (US $ 108) Recently plant based drugs are used all over the world. The efficacy of these drugs depends largely on their authenticity and quality. In the process of standardi ...
Circular Dichroism Spectrometry For the Analysis of Amphetamines
Circular Dichroism Spectrometry For the Analysis of Amphetamines

... enantiomers. Circular dichroism is a form of light absorption spectroscopy that measures the difference in absorbance of right- and leftcircularly polarized light (rather than the commonly used absorbance of isotropic light) by a substance. ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat

... the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) (Dahlström and Fuxe, 1964). By means of their widespread projections throughout the entire brain, these neurons are thought to play a crucial role in a variety of physiological and behavioral functions including sleep (Jacobs et al., 1990; Jouvet, 1972; Jacobs and Azmi ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... toxic agents, and remove cellular debris when neurons die. Moreover, glial cells communicate chemically with each other and with neurons, and foster connections between neurons. One type of glial cell seems to give neurons the go-ahead to start “talking” to each other (Ullian et al., 2001). Without ...
ProScreen Drugs of AbuseTest
ProScreen Drugs of AbuseTest

... reaction between a chemically labeled drug (drug-protein conjugate) and the drug or drug metabolites which may be present in the urine sample for the limited antibody binding sites. The test contains a nitrocellulose membrane strip pre-coated with drug-protein conjugate (or antibody) in the test reg ...
mspn1a
mspn1a

... The ventral horn contains the bodies of motor neurons that control the skeletal muscles of the body. The larger neurons are known as alpha motor neurons and they innervate striated muscles. The other, smaller neurons are known as gamma motor neurons and they innervate the muscle spindle (See Muscle ...
A Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents Fact Sheet
A Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents Fact Sheet

... thinnest in children with ADHD who carried a particular version of a gene associated with brain development. However, these brain areas normalized in thickness during the teen years, coinciding with clinical improvement. Although this particular gene version increased risk for ADHD, it also predicte ...
Patient Information Sheet
Patient Information Sheet

... is increased. Symbyax may impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills. You should be careful in operating machinery, including automobiles, until you know how Symbyax affects you. It is important to avoid overheating and dehydration while taking Symbyax. Symbyax may make it harder to lower your body ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (how drugs affect the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of ""how"" and ""why"", and additionally addresses other issues of brain function. Accordingly, the clinical aspect of the field includes psychiatric (psychoactive) as well as neurologic (non-psychoactive) pharmacology-based treatments.Developments in neuropsychopharmacology may directly impact the studies of anxiety disorders, affective disorders, psychotic disorders, degenerative disorders, eating behavior, and sleep behavior.The way fundamental processes of the brain are being discovered is creating a field on par with other “hard sciences” such as chemistry, biology, and physics, so that eventually it may be possible to repair mental illness with ultimate precision. An analogy can be drawn between the brain and an electronic device: neuropsychopharmacology is tantamount to revealing not only the schematic diagram, but the individual components, and every principle of their operation. The bank of amassed detail and complexity involved is huge; mere samples of some of the details are given in this article.
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