THE ROLE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFRASTRUCTURE IN
... Demurger, 2001). More important, large disparities occurred in growth performance among provinces3 from 1985 to 2002. In this period, the gap between the most dynamic province in terms of real GDP per capita, Jiangsu, with an annual growth rate of 11.46 percent, and the least dynamic, Qinghai, at ha ...
... Demurger, 2001). More important, large disparities occurred in growth performance among provinces3 from 1985 to 2002. In this period, the gap between the most dynamic province in terms of real GDP per capita, Jiangsu, with an annual growth rate of 11.46 percent, and the least dynamic, Qinghai, at ha ...
Kalim
... supply side constraints by reducing cost of production as well as demand-enhancing efforts. It is the best time to introduce a strategy to increase investment activities in the economy because of the high level of foreign exchange reserves, the rescheduling of foreign debt and the drastic reduction ...
... supply side constraints by reducing cost of production as well as demand-enhancing efforts. It is the best time to introduce a strategy to increase investment activities in the economy because of the high level of foreign exchange reserves, the rescheduling of foreign debt and the drastic reduction ...
Institutional Persistence or Reform
... transition phase may not be able to subsequently reform their political and economic institutions. In contrast, countries that established political competition in the early 1990s have experienced quick economic liberalization and democratic consolidation. In a third group of countries, however, tra ...
... transition phase may not be able to subsequently reform their political and economic institutions. In contrast, countries that established political competition in the early 1990s have experienced quick economic liberalization and democratic consolidation. In a third group of countries, however, tra ...
Durable Goods and the Business Cycle
... consumer demand. In some major economies such as Japan and the United States, machinery & equipment investment declined by 20 per cent or more from peak to trough. The falls in confidence also contributed to the decline in global industrial production that took place (Graph 4). In line with softer ...
... consumer demand. In some major economies such as Japan and the United States, machinery & equipment investment declined by 20 per cent or more from peak to trough. The falls in confidence also contributed to the decline in global industrial production that took place (Graph 4). In line with softer ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SUDDEN STOPS AND OUTPUT DROPS V.V. Chari
... lead to decreases in output, but rather to increases. To generate an output drop during a financial crisis, the model must include other frictions which have negative effects on output that are large enough to overwhelm the positive effect of the sudden stop. We begin by setting up a standard model of ...
... lead to decreases in output, but rather to increases. To generate an output drop during a financial crisis, the model must include other frictions which have negative effects on output that are large enough to overwhelm the positive effect of the sudden stop. We begin by setting up a standard model of ...
human needs hierarchy and happiness
... only the means of conveniency and luxury" (1776, p. 377). This implies that not only the consumption of necessary goods is firstly fulfilled, but also the primary sector of economy is firstly advanced before the extension of the secondary and tertiary ones. This hierarchy of goods could take place, ...
... only the means of conveniency and luxury" (1776, p. 377). This implies that not only the consumption of necessary goods is firstly fulfilled, but also the primary sector of economy is firstly advanced before the extension of the secondary and tertiary ones. This hierarchy of goods could take place, ...
Financial Development, Economic Growth and Collateral Effect of Capital Account Liberalization
... most popular-utilized de facto indicator is called „quantity index‟, which measures the ratio of gross cross-border capital flows to GDP (Lane and Milesi-Ferretti, 2007). One potential problem of this indicator is that actual flows of international capital are often results of not only capital contr ...
... most popular-utilized de facto indicator is called „quantity index‟, which measures the ratio of gross cross-border capital flows to GDP (Lane and Milesi-Ferretti, 2007). One potential problem of this indicator is that actual flows of international capital are often results of not only capital contr ...
growthfin_slides_AFA - Duke University`s Fuqua School of
... Financial Liberalization and Growth What we know as a result of our research: • We show the mechanism. Both: » increased investment, partially through a cost of capital effect and » increased productivity (which is different from the financial development literature) ...
... Financial Liberalization and Growth What we know as a result of our research: • We show the mechanism. Both: » increased investment, partially through a cost of capital effect and » increased productivity (which is different from the financial development literature) ...
Private Sector, Case & Fair chapter slides
... When AE = Y, Equilibrium... Equilibrium income: the level at ...
... When AE = Y, Equilibrium... Equilibrium income: the level at ...
Chapter 13 power point
... Real Shocks: Oil It is more difficult to eyeball the effect of smaller oil shocks. Statistical analysis can disentangle the effect of oil shocks from other shocks that occur at the same time. The following graph shows that the impact of a 10% increase in the price of oil can impact real GDP g ...
... Real Shocks: Oil It is more difficult to eyeball the effect of smaller oil shocks. Statistical analysis can disentangle the effect of oil shocks from other shocks that occur at the same time. The following graph shows that the impact of a 10% increase in the price of oil can impact real GDP g ...
Assessing the ex ante economic impacts of transportation
... Minas Gerais (Figure 1). Results are based on a bottom-up approach – that is, national results are obtained from the aggregation of regional results. The model identifies eight production/investment sectors in each region producing eight commodities,8 one representative household in each region, reg ...
... Minas Gerais (Figure 1). Results are based on a bottom-up approach – that is, national results are obtained from the aggregation of regional results. The model identifies eight production/investment sectors in each region producing eight commodities,8 one representative household in each region, reg ...
secret2001
... we can measure relatively well. To measure farm wages I use day wages for male agricultural laborers. To measure wages in non-farm employments I take the average of the wages of building laborers and craftsmen. These nominal wages will on average be much higher than for farm workers because there is ...
... we can measure relatively well. To measure farm wages I use day wages for male agricultural laborers. To measure wages in non-farm employments I take the average of the wages of building laborers and craftsmen. These nominal wages will on average be much higher than for farm workers because there is ...
68079100I_en.pdf
... 1974), or based on the “endogenous growth” approach (Barro and Sala-i-Martin, 1995), the fundamental variables explaining economic growth are the rate of investment and technological progress. Those which assign a key role to exports run into difficulties because they face an identification problem: ...
... 1974), or based on the “endogenous growth” approach (Barro and Sala-i-Martin, 1995), the fundamental variables explaining economic growth are the rate of investment and technological progress. Those which assign a key role to exports run into difficulties because they face an identification problem: ...