Acrobat ® file - Numerical Recipes
... Note that since N is conserved (Liouville) and E is constant for each photon, I is conserved too! If you look at a source while moving farther and farther away, its brightness (in this context often called \surface brightness") doesn't change. It gets smaller but not dimmer (per unit apparent size) ...
... Note that since N is conserved (Liouville) and E is constant for each photon, I is conserved too! If you look at a source while moving farther and farther away, its brightness (in this context often called \surface brightness") doesn't change. It gets smaller but not dimmer (per unit apparent size) ...
Lecture 10: Interstellar gas
... and sometimes, by collisions, exciting atoms or ions (leading to the emission of forbidden lines), but more often interacting with ions in a free-free transition. When an assembly of electrons and ions (a plasma) is involved, the individual free-free emissions add up to a continuum, this continuum r ...
... and sometimes, by collisions, exciting atoms or ions (leading to the emission of forbidden lines), but more often interacting with ions in a free-free transition. When an assembly of electrons and ions (a plasma) is involved, the individual free-free emissions add up to a continuum, this continuum r ...
April 2006 Newsletter PDF - Cowichan Valley Starfinders Society
... This is surprising, says Chapman, because one of the key differences thought to exist between Andromeda and the Milky Way was that the former's stellar halo was metal-rich and the latter's was metal-poor. If both galaxies are metal-poor, then they must have had very similar evolutions. “Probably, bo ...
... This is surprising, says Chapman, because one of the key differences thought to exist between Andromeda and the Milky Way was that the former's stellar halo was metal-rich and the latter's was metal-poor. If both galaxies are metal-poor, then they must have had very similar evolutions. “Probably, bo ...
Stellar Astronomy Unit 3 Key Terms and Matching Definitions _____
... 7. A flattened galaxy reminiscent of a pinwheel. 8. An oval galaxy with no distinguishing spiral arms. 9. A collection of galaxies held together by their mutual gravitational attraction. 10. The collection of approximately 40 galaxies that includes the Milky Way Galaxy. 11. When two similarly-sized ...
... 7. A flattened galaxy reminiscent of a pinwheel. 8. An oval galaxy with no distinguishing spiral arms. 9. A collection of galaxies held together by their mutual gravitational attraction. 10. The collection of approximately 40 galaxies that includes the Milky Way Galaxy. 11. When two similarly-sized ...
press release - University of Michigan
... pieces composed for the 11 May event. Among the performers will be pianist / composer Gabriel Zucker, who has inspired Spectrum audiences with several of his own compositions as well as Charles Ives’ daunting “Concord Sonata”. In the gallery space at Spectrum, artist Gwen Tessier will exhibit a scul ...
... pieces composed for the 11 May event. Among the performers will be pianist / composer Gabriel Zucker, who has inspired Spectrum audiences with several of his own compositions as well as Charles Ives’ daunting “Concord Sonata”. In the gallery space at Spectrum, artist Gwen Tessier will exhibit a scul ...
flyer - Insight Cruises
... What are the chances that life exists elsewhere in the universe? The expectation is that most sun-like stars will harbor habitable worlds, and that life will be commonplace in our galaxy, and throughout the universe as well. NASA’s Kepler Mission will determine the frequency of Earth-like planets by ...
... What are the chances that life exists elsewhere in the universe? The expectation is that most sun-like stars will harbor habitable worlds, and that life will be commonplace in our galaxy, and throughout the universe as well. NASA’s Kepler Mission will determine the frequency of Earth-like planets by ...
Advanced Interactive PPT
... (earthlike). This category include the four planets closest to the sun (Mercury, Mars, Venus & Earth). The planets all revolve around the sun in the same direction. Gravitational attraction pulls the planets toward the sun and keeps them moving through space. ...
... (earthlike). This category include the four planets closest to the sun (Mercury, Mars, Venus & Earth). The planets all revolve around the sun in the same direction. Gravitational attraction pulls the planets toward the sun and keeps them moving through space. ...
The Scales of Things
... Extragalactic Cosmic Distance Scale ttp://www.uq.edu.au/~phjross/ph227/galaxy/candles.htm Cosmic Distance Ladder I: Parallax http://209.52.189.2/article.cfm/astronomy/11999 Cosmic Distance Ladder II – Stars as Standard Candles http://209.52.189.2/article.cfm/astronomy/13217 ...
... Extragalactic Cosmic Distance Scale ttp://www.uq.edu.au/~phjross/ph227/galaxy/candles.htm Cosmic Distance Ladder I: Parallax http://209.52.189.2/article.cfm/astronomy/11999 Cosmic Distance Ladder II – Stars as Standard Candles http://209.52.189.2/article.cfm/astronomy/13217 ...
Light of the Sun - Beck-Shop
... blue, green, yellow, orange, and red (Table 1.1). Light from the Sun or a light bulb often is called white light because it contains all of the colors, whereas black denotes the absence of color, when we see no light. Sometimes radiation is described by its frequency, which indicates how fast the ra ...
... blue, green, yellow, orange, and red (Table 1.1). Light from the Sun or a light bulb often is called white light because it contains all of the colors, whereas black denotes the absence of color, when we see no light. Sometimes radiation is described by its frequency, which indicates how fast the ra ...
Document
... This diagram shows a single closed dimension of cosmological space (a huge cosmic great circle) and many local ‘directions’ or dimensions of time. We may think of time in spacetime in much the same way that we think of the gravitational gradient on Earth; time is not a single dimension of spacetime, ...
... This diagram shows a single closed dimension of cosmological space (a huge cosmic great circle) and many local ‘directions’ or dimensions of time. We may think of time in spacetime in much the same way that we think of the gravitational gradient on Earth; time is not a single dimension of spacetime, ...
P1a_Revision_lesson
... process started around 15 _____ years ago. This is the ____ ________ Theory. Words to use – faster, away, big bang, billion, wavelength, further ...
... process started around 15 _____ years ago. This is the ____ ________ Theory. Words to use – faster, away, big bang, billion, wavelength, further ...
Dynamics and Space Summary Notes
... Refer to the previous page to fully understand what happens at points A, B and C. ...
... Refer to the previous page to fully understand what happens at points A, B and C. ...
Space_Review_Coelho
... 1. Different DAYS: each planet rotates on it’s axis at different speeds so some planets have shorter or longer days than Earth. 2. Different YEARS: A planet’s distance from the sun determines a planet’s year. The closer a planet is from the sun – shorter their year; farther away a planet is from the ...
... 1. Different DAYS: each planet rotates on it’s axis at different speeds so some planets have shorter or longer days than Earth. 2. Different YEARS: A planet’s distance from the sun determines a planet’s year. The closer a planet is from the sun – shorter their year; farther away a planet is from the ...
Chapter 11
... 1. In the mid-1800s, it was proposed by von Helmholtz and Kelvin that a slow gravitational contraction is the source of the Sun’s energy. Such a mechanism would power the Sun for only a few hundred million years. 2. By the early 20th century, however, geologists showed that the Earth was billions of ...
... 1. In the mid-1800s, it was proposed by von Helmholtz and Kelvin that a slow gravitational contraction is the source of the Sun’s energy. Such a mechanism would power the Sun for only a few hundred million years. 2. By the early 20th century, however, geologists showed that the Earth was billions of ...
Bodies of Salt Water (cont.)
... make the moon appear to be a different shape every night, from a barely visible curve to a crescent, a half-circle, an ellipse, and finally a full circle. The side of the moon that seems brightly lit is the side facing the sun ...
... make the moon appear to be a different shape every night, from a barely visible curve to a crescent, a half-circle, an ellipse, and finally a full circle. The side of the moon that seems brightly lit is the side facing the sun ...
powerpoint
... than a proton that would not emit much light. • Possible, but probably ruled out. • Then there is the other possibility – does dark matter really exist? ...
... than a proton that would not emit much light. • Possible, but probably ruled out. • Then there is the other possibility – does dark matter really exist? ...
Beyond Our Solar System
... far from the sun that they are easy to place in the diagram. – These are cold worlds far from the sun’s warmth. – Light from the sun reaches Earth in only 8 minutes, but it takes over 4 hours to reach Neptune. ...
... far from the sun that they are easy to place in the diagram. – These are cold worlds far from the sun’s warmth. – Light from the sun reaches Earth in only 8 minutes, but it takes over 4 hours to reach Neptune. ...
(March 2004) (ppt-format) - RHIG
... galaxy obtained by dividing the Galaxy's total mass by the mass of a typical star (e.g., 1 solar mass). The result is about 200 billion stars! The actual number of stars could be several tens of billions less or more than this approximate value. All of these numbers are based on luminous matte ...
... galaxy obtained by dividing the Galaxy's total mass by the mass of a typical star (e.g., 1 solar mass). The result is about 200 billion stars! The actual number of stars could be several tens of billions less or more than this approximate value. All of these numbers are based on luminous matte ...
This document was created for people who do not have access to
... as they appeared when the light first left them to travel across space to reach our detectors. Note that the images in this animation are simulated from telescopic observations, but are not represent actual photographs. We begin at the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) orbiting one million ...
... as they appeared when the light first left them to travel across space to reach our detectors. Note that the images in this animation are simulated from telescopic observations, but are not represent actual photographs. We begin at the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) orbiting one million ...
Stars: Their Life and Afterlife
... Superbubbles are large cavities of hot, low-density plasma that are created by the collective effects of a large number of massive stars. We saw earlier in the lecture series that stars tend to form in clusters as a giant molecular cloud contracts. This means that they not only tend to form close to ...
... Superbubbles are large cavities of hot, low-density plasma that are created by the collective effects of a large number of massive stars. We saw earlier in the lecture series that stars tend to form in clusters as a giant molecular cloud contracts. This means that they not only tend to form close to ...
Homework 4 1 Chapter 3 October 4, 2011
... warmer only the rock and metal could condense and eventually form planets made of those materials. But, farther away the hydrogen and helium condensed as well, so planets in that region are composed of these elements as well (in fact their composition is dominated by these elements since they were m ...
... warmer only the rock and metal could condense and eventually form planets made of those materials. But, farther away the hydrogen and helium condensed as well, so planets in that region are composed of these elements as well (in fact their composition is dominated by these elements since they were m ...
grade v and vi - Sacred Heart CMI Public School
... eight major planets. Nearest the Sun there are four fairly small, rocky planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. Beyond Mars is the asteroid belt – a region populated by millions of rocky objects. These are left-over’s from the formation of the planets, 4.5 billion years ago. On the far side of the a ...
... eight major planets. Nearest the Sun there are four fairly small, rocky planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. Beyond Mars is the asteroid belt – a region populated by millions of rocky objects. These are left-over’s from the formation of the planets, 4.5 billion years ago. On the far side of the a ...
Our Expanding Universe
... This radiation “interfered” with their radio experiments. Other scientists determined that the static interference represented the remnants of the energy released by the initial expansion of space that followed the Big Bang. The quest for more evidence of the Big Bang theory continued. Physicists Jo ...
... This radiation “interfered” with their radio experiments. Other scientists determined that the static interference represented the remnants of the energy released by the initial expansion of space that followed the Big Bang. The quest for more evidence of the Big Bang theory continued. Physicists Jo ...
Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the void that exists between celestial bodies, including the Earth. It is not completely empty, but consists of a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays. The baseline temperature, as set by the background radiation from the Big Bang, is 2.7 kelvin (K). Plasma with a number density of less than one hydrogen atom per cubic metre and a temperature of millions of kelvin in the space between galaxies accounts for most of the baryonic (ordinary) matter in outer space; local concentrations have condensed into stars and galaxies. In most galaxies, observations provide evidence that 90% of the mass is in an unknown form, called dark matter, which interacts with other matter through gravitational but not electromagnetic forces. Data indicates that the majority of the mass-energy in the observable Universe is a poorly understood vacuum energy of space which astronomers label dark energy. Intergalactic space takes up most of the volume of the Universe, but even galaxies and star systems consist almost entirely of empty space.There is no firm boundary where space begins. However the Kármán line, at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi) above sea level, is conventionally used as the start of outer space in space treaties and for aerospace records keeping. The framework for international space law was established by the Outer Space Treaty, which was passed by the United Nations in 1967. This treaty precludes any claims of national sovereignty and permits all states to freely explore outer space. Despite the drafting of UN resolutions for the peaceful uses of outer space, anti-satellite weapons have been tested in Earth orbit.Humans began the physical exploration of space during the 20th century with the advent of high-altitude balloon flights, followed by manned rocket launches. Earth orbit was first achieved by Yuri Gagarin of the Soviet Union in 1961 and unmanned spacecraft have since reached all of the known planets in the Solar System. Due to the high cost of getting into space, manned spaceflight has been limited to low Earth orbit and the Moon.Outer space represents a challenging environment for human exploration because of the dual hazards of vacuum and radiation. Microgravity also has a negative effect on human physiology that causes both muscle atrophy and bone loss. In addition to these health and environmental issues, the economic cost of putting objects, including humans, into space is high.