Unit 1: The Foundations of Astronomy
... 1. Science builds upon itself over time. As new evidence arises and we acquire new understandings, old theories are revised or replaced by new ones. 2. Early astronomers tracked the motion of objects in the sky and used that information to describe the universe. 3. Mathematical tools and the use of ...
... 1. Science builds upon itself over time. As new evidence arises and we acquire new understandings, old theories are revised or replaced by new ones. 2. Early astronomers tracked the motion of objects in the sky and used that information to describe the universe. 3. Mathematical tools and the use of ...
ASTR 330: The Solar System - University of Maryland
... • The problem was: to match the measured amount of gas released, the comet had to be very large! • An alternative theory was proposed by Fred Whipple in 1950: a ‘dirty snowball’ that was about equal parts of silicate and ices, evenly mixed together. • However, some comets have produced more dust tha ...
... • The problem was: to match the measured amount of gas released, the comet had to be very large! • An alternative theory was proposed by Fred Whipple in 1950: a ‘dirty snowball’ that was about equal parts of silicate and ices, evenly mixed together. • However, some comets have produced more dust tha ...
Solar System
... helium were formed in the cores of ancient and exploding stars, so the first generation of stars had to die before the Universe could be enriched with these atoms. The oldest stars contain few metals, whereas stars born later have more. This high metallicity is thought to have been crucial to the Sun ...
... helium were formed in the cores of ancient and exploding stars, so the first generation of stars had to die before the Universe could be enriched with these atoms. The oldest stars contain few metals, whereas stars born later have more. This high metallicity is thought to have been crucial to the Sun ...
The Astrophysics of Planetary Habitability
... P2.9. The variations of tidal dissipation in the convective envelope of low-mass stars hosting planetary systems along their evolution . P2.10. A small survey of magnetic fields of solar-type planet hosting stars P2.11. The solar wind in time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P2.12. Ch ...
... P2.9. The variations of tidal dissipation in the convective envelope of low-mass stars hosting planetary systems along their evolution . P2.10. A small survey of magnetic fields of solar-type planet hosting stars P2.11. The solar wind in time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P2.12. Ch ...
Space Exploration and Cosmic Evolution
... the sky, as much, if not more so, than children of Gaia, for the earth and the very matter of our bodies was created and remains embedded in the swirling vast energies of space. We are grounded in space. According to Wachhorst, the quest for understanding and enlightenment that underlies The Dream o ...
... the sky, as much, if not more so, than children of Gaia, for the earth and the very matter of our bodies was created and remains embedded in the swirling vast energies of space. We are grounded in space. According to Wachhorst, the quest for understanding and enlightenment that underlies The Dream o ...
Chapter 1
... feedback through ultraviolet (UV) radiation, winds, and supernova explosions dominate the energy input into the ISM and generate shockwaves that collect gas and dust in giant shells. Atomic and molecular clouds collapse and condense in these shells and, once they become gravitationally unstable, may ...
... feedback through ultraviolet (UV) radiation, winds, and supernova explosions dominate the energy input into the ISM and generate shockwaves that collect gas and dust in giant shells. Atomic and molecular clouds collapse and condense in these shells and, once they become gravitationally unstable, may ...
Lecture26_Future
... "intelligent" Fraction of intelligent species of these planets that develop a desire to communicate w/ others Average or mean lifetime (in years) of a communicative ...
... "intelligent" Fraction of intelligent species of these planets that develop a desire to communicate w/ others Average or mean lifetime (in years) of a communicative ...
Life Beyond Earth Exhibition
... The primary goal of this evaluation was a knowledge-based assessment of the gain in student knowledge based on a visit to the Life Beyond Earth (LBE) exhibition. The key evaluation questions were designed to find out if student visitors show gains in understanding regarding: ...
... The primary goal of this evaluation was a knowledge-based assessment of the gain in student knowledge based on a visit to the Life Beyond Earth (LBE) exhibition. The key evaluation questions were designed to find out if student visitors show gains in understanding regarding: ...
The Origin of Comets and the Oort Cloud
... =⇒ ancient experience of what is a quite recent discovery, namely that Earth is an ‘open’ system — in touch with its near-space celestial environment. But is such a change in our celestial environment, on ...
... =⇒ ancient experience of what is a quite recent discovery, namely that Earth is an ‘open’ system — in touch with its near-space celestial environment. But is such a change in our celestial environment, on ...
A Compilation of Relevant Articles from MMM`s first 25 years, issues
... We see signs of incipient, quickly stalled rifting elsewhere, even on the Moon. As to continentresembling features, there is the great Tharsis Uplift on Mars caused instead by eons-long continuous volcanism. And there are the two suspiciously continental elevations on Venus, Ishtar Terra near the no ...
... We see signs of incipient, quickly stalled rifting elsewhere, even on the Moon. As to continentresembling features, there is the great Tharsis Uplift on Mars caused instead by eons-long continuous volcanism. And there are the two suspiciously continental elevations on Venus, Ishtar Terra near the no ...
A re-appraisal of the habitability of planets around M dwarf
... To deal with large numbers and phenomenology they can measure, but perhaps not understand, astronomers have a long history of using classification schemes that are not always intuitively understood by scientists in other fields or the general public. At the risk of offending some well-schooled reade ...
... To deal with large numbers and phenomenology they can measure, but perhaps not understand, astronomers have a long history of using classification schemes that are not always intuitively understood by scientists in other fields or the general public. At the risk of offending some well-schooled reade ...
A Reappraisal of The Habitability of Planets around M Dwarf Stars
... To deal with large numbers and phenomenology they can measure, but perhaps not understand, astronomers have a long history of using classification schemes that are not always intuitively understood by scientists in other fields or the general public. At the risk of offending some well-schooled reade ...
... To deal with large numbers and phenomenology they can measure, but perhaps not understand, astronomers have a long history of using classification schemes that are not always intuitively understood by scientists in other fields or the general public. At the risk of offending some well-schooled reade ...
Astrobiology - Anatomy Atlases
... "In the beginning, when all was fire, there were no stars or planets, no atoms or molecules... and no life. Eons passed, and life appeared on at least one small planet orbiting an average star in a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way. On that planet, one species, endowed with the capacity to think an ...
... "In the beginning, when all was fire, there were no stars or planets, no atoms or molecules... and no life. Eons passed, and life appeared on at least one small planet orbiting an average star in a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way. On that planet, one species, endowed with the capacity to think an ...
Powerpoint slides - Earth & Planetary Sciences
... • Early stages of solar system formation can be imaged directly – dust disks have large surface area, radiate effectively in the infra-red • Unfortunately, once planets form, the IR signal disappears, so until very recently we couldn’t detect planets (now we know of ~400) • Timescale of clearing of ...
... • Early stages of solar system formation can be imaged directly – dust disks have large surface area, radiate effectively in the infra-red • Unfortunately, once planets form, the IR signal disappears, so until very recently we couldn’t detect planets (now we know of ~400) • Timescale of clearing of ...
Life - Anatomy Atlases
... "In the beginning, when all was fire, there were no stars or planets, no atoms or molecules... and no life. Eons passed, and life appeared on at least one small planet orbiting an average star in a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way. On that planet, one species, endowed with the capacity to think an ...
... "In the beginning, when all was fire, there were no stars or planets, no atoms or molecules... and no life. Eons passed, and life appeared on at least one small planet orbiting an average star in a spiral galaxy called the Milky Way. On that planet, one species, endowed with the capacity to think an ...
On the Nature of the Dust in the Debris Disk Around HD69830
... lacking. The ratio of total olivine to pyroxene abundance is ~ 4:1, as compared to the ratios of ~1:1 in the Tempel 1 sub-surface ejecta (Lisse et al. 2006), ~2:1 in the dust emitted into the coma of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), and 1:1 in the YSO HD100546 (Lisse et al. 2007). Both findings are dire ...
... lacking. The ratio of total olivine to pyroxene abundance is ~ 4:1, as compared to the ratios of ~1:1 in the Tempel 1 sub-surface ejecta (Lisse et al. 2006), ~2:1 in the dust emitted into the coma of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp), and 1:1 in the YSO HD100546 (Lisse et al. 2007). Both findings are dire ...
Astonomy-Space The Final Frontier
... makes a prediction based on observations and then tests it out. The geocentric universe proposes that the Earth is the center of the universe and all other bodies orbit it. The geocentric theory of the universe was questioned by those astronomers who believed that the epicycles proposed by Ptole ...
... makes a prediction based on observations and then tests it out. The geocentric universe proposes that the Earth is the center of the universe and all other bodies orbit it. The geocentric theory of the universe was questioned by those astronomers who believed that the epicycles proposed by Ptole ...
W. M. White Geochemistry Chapter 10: Cosmochemistry
... have a half-life of only 10 minutes, so nucleosynthetic reactions that consume neutrons eventually cease. Within 20 minutes or so, the universe cooled below 3 × 108 K and nuclear reactions were no longer possible. Thus, the Big Bang created H, He and Li (7Li/H = 10-9). Some 700,000 years later, the ...
... have a half-life of only 10 minutes, so nucleosynthetic reactions that consume neutrons eventually cease. Within 20 minutes or so, the universe cooled below 3 × 108 K and nuclear reactions were no longer possible. Thus, the Big Bang created H, He and Li (7Li/H = 10-9). Some 700,000 years later, the ...
The major properties of the Interstellar Medium (ISM) are described
... number of atoms all molecules are cubic cm is often known as the number density. Another feature of this photograph is the horses head. This is part of a dense dark cloud or as it is sometimes called a molecular cloud. These are often appear as black clouds because the star right emitted by backgrou ...
... number of atoms all molecules are cubic cm is often known as the number density. Another feature of this photograph is the horses head. This is part of a dense dark cloud or as it is sometimes called a molecular cloud. These are often appear as black clouds because the star right emitted by backgrou ...
Document
... the outer part of the halo extends much farther, out to perhaps 200,000 or 300,000 light-years. Believe it or not, this Galactic outer halo apparently contains 5 or 10 times as much mass as the nucleus, disk, and inner halo together—but we don’t know what it consists of! We shall see in Section 16.4 ...
... the outer part of the halo extends much farther, out to perhaps 200,000 or 300,000 light-years. Believe it or not, this Galactic outer halo apparently contains 5 or 10 times as much mass as the nucleus, disk, and inner halo together—but we don’t know what it consists of! We shall see in Section 16.4 ...
teach with space
... Barycentric balls in space video (VP07b). See Links section. teach with space – barycentric balls | P07 ...
... Barycentric balls in space video (VP07b). See Links section. teach with space – barycentric balls | P07 ...
Chapter 1: The Sun - New Hampshire Public Television
... instruments. They were designed to map the cosmic microwave background radiation with extraordinary sensitivity. COBE was also to search for radiation released by the earliest galaxies soon after their birth. The overall objective was to answer basic questions about the Big Bang and how clusters of ...
... instruments. They were designed to map the cosmic microwave background radiation with extraordinary sensitivity. COBE was also to search for radiation released by the earliest galaxies soon after their birth. The overall objective was to answer basic questions about the Big Bang and how clusters of ...
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
... On the other side of the spectral sequence, M dwarfs are especially attractive targets. They are abundant: about three-quarters of the stars in the solar neighborhood are M0-M5 dwarfs. They are relatively unexplored for transiting planets, because they constituted only a small minority of the Kepler ...
... On the other side of the spectral sequence, M dwarfs are especially attractive targets. They are abundant: about three-quarters of the stars in the solar neighborhood are M0-M5 dwarfs. They are relatively unexplored for transiting planets, because they constituted only a small minority of the Kepler ...
NASA`s IRIS Telescope Offers First Glimpse of Sun`s Mysterious
... · The Delta Aquariid meteor shower should be in its broad maximum all week. This and other weak, long-lasting July showers with radiants in the southern sky increase the chance that any meteor you see will be flying out of the south. See article. Saturday, July 27 · With the Moon now gone from the e ...
... · The Delta Aquariid meteor shower should be in its broad maximum all week. This and other weak, long-lasting July showers with radiants in the southern sky increase the chance that any meteor you see will be flying out of the south. See article. Saturday, July 27 · With the Moon now gone from the e ...
Chapter 1 LONG-TERM VARIATIONS IN THE GALACTIC
... variations in the galactic environment. On the longest time scales (few 109 yr or longer), there are global variations in the MW’s SFR (any variations measured using nearby stars is necessarily global through azimuthal diffusion). These may be influenced from nearby passages of the LMC—the last two ...
... variations in the galactic environment. On the longest time scales (few 109 yr or longer), there are global variations in the MW’s SFR (any variations measured using nearby stars is necessarily global through azimuthal diffusion). These may be influenced from nearby passages of the LMC—the last two ...
Panspermia
Panspermia (from Greek πᾶν (pan), meaning ""all"", and σπέρμα (sperma), meaning ""seed"") is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids and, also, by spacecraft in the form of unintended contamination by microorganisms.Panspermia is a hypothesis proposing that microscopic life forms that can survive the effects of space, such as extremophiles, become trapped in debris that is ejected into space after collisions between planets and small Solar System bodies that harbor life. Some organisms may travel dormant for an extended amount of time before colliding randomly with other planets or intermingling with protoplanetary disks. If met with ideal conditions on a new planet's surfaces, the organisms become active and the process of evolution begins. Panspermia is not meant to address how life began, just the method that may cause its distribution in the Universe.Pseudo-panspermia (sometimes called ""soft panspermia"" or ""molecular panspermia"") argues that the pre-biotic organic building blocks of life originated in space and were incorporated in the solar nebula from which the planets condensed and were further —and continuously— distributed to planetary surfaces where life then emerged (abiogenesis). From the early 1970s it was becoming evident that interstellar dust consisted of a large component of organic molecules. Interstellar molecules are formed by chemical reactions within very sparse interstellar or circumstellar clouds of dust and gas. The dust plays a critical role of shielding the molecules from the ionizing effect of ultraviolet radiation emitted by stars.Several simulations in laboratories and in low Earth orbit suggest that ejection, entry and impact is survivable for some simple organisms.