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Chapter 8
Chapter 8

... Energy Production Energy generation in the sun (and all other stars): ...
Homework #3 Solutions
Homework #3 Solutions

... have similar compositions. So Berth is most likely made up of metals and rocks, as opposed to ices and gasses. This also makes since we also know Berth orbits a star similar to the Sun, at the same distance – and from the Solar Nebula theory of solar system formation we would expect rocky planets in ...
ph507lecnote06
ph507lecnote06

... Later, or for high-mass stars, radiative energy transport becomes effective – central temperature rises – luminosity increases slightly as surface temperature rises and contraction continues. ...
Lecture04
Lecture04

... • Responsible for our familiar calendar “day”. • Period (of rotation) = 24 hours = (24 hours)x(60 min/hr)x(60s/min) =86,400 s • Astronomers refer to this 24 hour period as a mean solar day (§2-7), implying that this time period is measured with respect to the Sun’s position on the sky. • A sidereal ...
Astronomy 120
Astronomy 120

Gas Planets
Gas Planets

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A sound nebula: the origin of the Solar System in the field of a
A sound nebula: the origin of the Solar System in the field of a

... It consists of trillions of small objects composed of dust and water, ammonia and methane ice and it is believed that these objects were scattered outwards by the gas giants at the planetary formation stage and then acquired distant circular orbits (out to about one light year) as a result of gravi ...
Phases of the Moon, Planets, and Seasons 4th Grade Science
Phases of the Moon, Planets, and Seasons 4th Grade Science

... Venus and Earth are sometimes called the twin planets. Mercury is the hottest planet. The greenhouse effect is present on Venus. Mars has been called the Red Planet. It has many craters. Earth, our planet is the third rock from the sun, and has much water on its surface. ...
Glossary of terms - Universal Workshop
Glossary of terms - Universal Workshop

... European languages: planetoids): thousands of solid bodies much smaller than the major planets, in orbits with direct motion and usually low eccentricity. Most are in the “main belt” between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, but some are farther out and some come in nearer than the Earth. astrology sh ...
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TOF Bible society 7.indd

... My [item] is made of pieces of [wood, metal, plastic] that I had to put together when I took it out of the box. But what is your body made of? Your body is made up of tiny building blocks called cells, that are so very, very small that if you had a single cell in front of you right now there’s no wa ...
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Visualization of eclipses and planetary conjunction events. The

... the sun yellow we also renounce to teach the viewer too many things at a time. The sudden and strong darkening effect at the moment of beginning totality, which was mentioned above, has as far as we know never been presented on a video in a realistic manner. Since people usually did not personally e ...
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what`s up this month – march 2016

... The night sky looking to the south at about 21:00 on 15 thMarch The chart above shows the night sky looking to the south at about 21:00 (9 o’clock in the evening) on 15th March (around the middle of the month). The sky will appear very much the same an hour later at the beginning of the month and an ...
Extreme Stars
Extreme Stars

... Universe began 13.7 billion years ago Some old stars are still around; other stars are brand new ...
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Are constellations just mythic figures in the sky?

... A 24 Hour picture at the South Pole. What’s different? ...
Foundation 1 - Discovering Astronomy
Foundation 1 - Discovering Astronomy

... A 24 Hour picture at the South Pole. What’s different? ...
Neptune - Midland ISD
Neptune - Midland ISD

... William Lassell spotted Triton on 10 October 1846 -- just 17 days after a Berlin observatory discovered Neptune. It is the largest moon Neptune has and the farthest. Dutch-American astronomer Gerard Kuiper (for whom the Kuiper Belt was named) found Neptune's third-largest moon, Nereid, in 1949. He m ...
Nuclear Interactions in Supernovae .
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... What happens when their life is at an end? What happens to stars like our sun? What happens to stars bigger than our sun? ...
Chapter 16 The Sun
Chapter 16 The Sun

... remember that if you moved the sun a parsec away, it would be a bright star in the sky. Since the sun will turn out to be a typical star, this is an extremely important bit of information: What kind of fuel could generate that much energy for over 4 billion years? ...
Coursework 1 File
Coursework 1 File

... to by the Earth’s rotation axis changes continuously. This effect arises because of the gravity of the Sun and the Moon acting on the spinning Earth. It only occurs because the Earth is non-spherical. The rotation of the Earth causes it to bulge at the equator, and the resulting shape is an oblate s ...
Galaxy1
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... stars at an enormous rate. Ten times faster than the Milky Way is producing stars. • Most of the erupted gas is coming from supernova explosions. This is star formation on steroids. • Why do you think this little galaxy is producing stars so rapidly? Think about the mechanisms for producing stars. ...
637Lesson24
637Lesson24

... from the sun by methane. • Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune has an internal heat source – it radiates more radiation than it receives from the sun. • At the time of the Voyager encounter, the most prominent feature on Neptune was the Great dark Spot. Neptunes winds blew the spot westward at 300 mete ...
ph507-16-6sun
ph507-16-6sun

... The Structure of the Sun  The average density of the Sun is only 1400 kg/m3 - consistent with a composition of mostly gaseous hydrogen and helium.  From its angular size of about 0.5° and its distance of almost 150 million kilometres, we determine that its diameter is 1,392,000 kilometres (109 Ear ...
The Sun: A Model Star
The Sun: A Model Star

... The Structure of the Sun • The average density of the Sun is only 1400 kg/m3 - consistent with a composition of mostly gaseous hydrogen and helium. • From its angular size of about 0.5° and its distance of almost 150 million kilometres, we determine that its diameter is 1,392,000 kilometres (109 Ear ...
Quiz Comets
Quiz Comets

... The presence of C-type asteroids in the outer asteroid belt suggests that a. asteroids are the remains of material that failed to form into a planet. b. they were "pushed" there by the force of the solar wind over the course of billions of years. c. none of these choices. They are found in the inner ...
photosphere - Blackboard
photosphere - Blackboard

... • How does the sun make its energy? • What are the dark sunspots? • Why does the sun go through a cycle of activity? Although this chapter is confined to the center of the solar system, it introduces you to a star and leads your thoughts onward among the stars and galaxies that fill the universe. ...
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Formation and evolution of the Solar System



The formation of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud. Most of the collapsing mass collected in the center, forming the Sun, while the rest flattened into a protoplanetary disk out of which the planets, moons, asteroids, and other small Solar System bodies formed.This widely accepted model, known as the nebular hypothesis, was first developed in the 18th century by Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Its subsequent development has interwoven a variety of scientific disciplines including astronomy, physics, geology, and planetary science. Since the dawn of the space age in the 1950s and the discovery of extrasolar planets in the 1990s, the model has been both challenged and refined to account for new observations.The Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation. Many moons have formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moons are thought to have formed independently and later been captured by their planets. Still others, such as the Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. The positions of the planets often shifted due to gravitational interactions. This planetary migration is now thought to have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution.In roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the far distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce the Sun's retinue of planets. Some planets will be destroyed, others ejected into interstellar space. Ultimately, over the course of tens of billions of years, it is likely that the Sun will be left with none of the original bodies in orbit around it.
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