Transcriptional networks controlling B cell germinal center activities
... mounted upon reencountering the same foe. This sequence of events takes place within a specialised immunological environment termed the germinal center (GC). First described by Flemming in 1884 (1), the GC is a transient structure that forms within secondary lymphoid organs such as the lymph nodes, ...
... mounted upon reencountering the same foe. This sequence of events takes place within a specialised immunological environment termed the germinal center (GC). First described by Flemming in 1884 (1), the GC is a transient structure that forms within secondary lymphoid organs such as the lymph nodes, ...
Immunoglobulins on the Surface of Lymphocytes
... 28% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals contained surface Ig. On an average 15% contained IgG, 6%, IgA, and 8%, IgM; and the kappa: lambda ratio was 2: 1. Lymphocytes from patients with CLL appeared to be "monoclonal" in that the cells from a given individual had a single Ig ...
... 28% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal individuals contained surface Ig. On an average 15% contained IgG, 6%, IgA, and 8%, IgM; and the kappa: lambda ratio was 2: 1. Lymphocytes from patients with CLL appeared to be "monoclonal" in that the cells from a given individual had a single Ig ...
Enhanced Respiratory Syncytial Virus disease following natural
... highlights a critical role for natural regulatory T cells in regulating the adaptive and innate ...
... highlights a critical role for natural regulatory T cells in regulating the adaptive and innate ...
TAM receptors and the clearance of apoptotic cells
... addition to a conventional TAM-like receptor and ligand pair—a hybrid protein in which an intracellular TAM tyrosine kinase and transmembrane domain are directly linked to a TAM-ligand-like Gla domain.2,40 This shuffled protein therefore combines both TAM receptor and ligand domains in a single mole ...
... addition to a conventional TAM-like receptor and ligand pair—a hybrid protein in which an intracellular TAM tyrosine kinase and transmembrane domain are directly linked to a TAM-ligand-like Gla domain.2,40 This shuffled protein therefore combines both TAM receptor and ligand domains in a single mole ...
HISTOLOGY
... route through which blood vessels and nerves run. CT binds organs as in fascia and capsules of organs, and supports the other components of organs e.g. interlobular CT of glands and the lamina propria of epithelia. CT has an important function in modulating the differentiation and division of the ov ...
... route through which blood vessels and nerves run. CT binds organs as in fascia and capsules of organs, and supports the other components of organs e.g. interlobular CT of glands and the lamina propria of epithelia. CT has an important function in modulating the differentiation and division of the ov ...
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vinpocetine in Atherosclerosis and
... and atherosclerosis is a common condition that increases the risk of stroke [3,4]. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process affecting the large- and medium-size arteries, including those in the brain [5]. Large accumulation of lipids within artery walls stimulates a series of inflammatory r ...
... and atherosclerosis is a common condition that increases the risk of stroke [3,4]. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process affecting the large- and medium-size arteries, including those in the brain [5]. Large accumulation of lipids within artery walls stimulates a series of inflammatory r ...
Immune Response
... immunity destroys pathogen-infected body cells (and cancer cells). Humoral immunity destroys free pathogens in the body fluids. The two systems are completely dependent on macrophages and helper T-cells to initiate their responses. Both systems need to be activated for an effective response to the i ...
... immunity destroys pathogen-infected body cells (and cancer cells). Humoral immunity destroys free pathogens in the body fluids. The two systems are completely dependent on macrophages and helper T-cells to initiate their responses. Both systems need to be activated for an effective response to the i ...
Basic and Clinical Immunology
... • The speed by which the lymphocytes course through the L.N. will depend on the state of activity of the node and whether the cells become involved in an immune response or not. • They leave via efferent lymphatic, ultimately passing through the thoracic duct then into the venous system. • Lymphocyt ...
... • The speed by which the lymphocytes course through the L.N. will depend on the state of activity of the node and whether the cells become involved in an immune response or not. • They leave via efferent lymphatic, ultimately passing through the thoracic duct then into the venous system. • Lymphocyt ...
Review Article Infectious diseases and autoimmunity
... employed in various combinations: “bacterium”, “parasite”, “virus”, “infection” and “autoimmunity”. There are more than eighty identified autoimmune diseases [8]. Multiple arms of the immune system may be involved in autoimmune pathology. Antigens are taken up by antigen presenting cells (APC) such ...
... employed in various combinations: “bacterium”, “parasite”, “virus”, “infection” and “autoimmunity”. There are more than eighty identified autoimmune diseases [8]. Multiple arms of the immune system may be involved in autoimmune pathology. Antigens are taken up by antigen presenting cells (APC) such ...
... I MHC expression is an unlikely candidate, since mesothelioma cells express high levels of class I MHC molecules and this expression can be upregulated with IFN-γ or IFN-α [46, 47]. However, neither human nor murine cell lines constitutively express class II MHC, and in only some lines can this be u ...
Disorders of Immunity, Inflammation
... to fibroblast proliferation and scar tissue formation – Relsease cytokines and mediators that lead to the fibroblast proliferation and scar tissue formation – Ex. in the respiratory tract of smokers the epithelium begins dying and as the body goes to replace it, it says that the epithelium is diffic ...
... to fibroblast proliferation and scar tissue formation – Relsease cytokines and mediators that lead to the fibroblast proliferation and scar tissue formation – Ex. in the respiratory tract of smokers the epithelium begins dying and as the body goes to replace it, it says that the epithelium is diffic ...
Cutting Edge: Recognition of Gram
... It is tempting to speculate that like the IL-1R (27), TLRs might form heterodimeric complexes upon ligand binding. The specificity for one bacterial product over another might then be best accounted for by which TLRs comprise the signaling receptor. With dozens of potentially available TLRs, the abi ...
... It is tempting to speculate that like the IL-1R (27), TLRs might form heterodimeric complexes upon ligand binding. The specificity for one bacterial product over another might then be best accounted for by which TLRs comprise the signaling receptor. With dozens of potentially available TLRs, the abi ...
Functional Avidity–Driven Activation
... Immunodominance is a complex phenomenon that relies on a mere numerical concept, while being potentially influenced at every step of the immune response. We investigated the mechanisms leading to the establishment of CTL immunodominance in a retroviral model and found that the previously defined sub ...
... Immunodominance is a complex phenomenon that relies on a mere numerical concept, while being potentially influenced at every step of the immune response. We investigated the mechanisms leading to the establishment of CTL immunodominance in a retroviral model and found that the previously defined sub ...
CD1d Ligands: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
... secretion (52). The requirements for the binding of this ␣-GalCer analog were less stringent as well, illustrating how changes in this chain can also have profound effects on NKT cell activation. In contrast to the effects of acyl chain modification on ␣-GalCer activity, Tsuji and colleagues (53–57) ...
... secretion (52). The requirements for the binding of this ␣-GalCer analog were less stringent as well, illustrating how changes in this chain can also have profound effects on NKT cell activation. In contrast to the effects of acyl chain modification on ␣-GalCer activity, Tsuji and colleagues (53–57) ...
ABO and Rh Blood Typing
... Anti-D from human plasma which is given to pregnant women who are Rh negative and who may be carrying and/or have delivered an Rh positive baby. There are several brands available, e.g., RhoGam. Immunoglobulin - Proteins with known immune response activity. Plasma - The fluid remaining in separated ...
... Anti-D from human plasma which is given to pregnant women who are Rh negative and who may be carrying and/or have delivered an Rh positive baby. There are several brands available, e.g., RhoGam. Immunoglobulin - Proteins with known immune response activity. Plasma - The fluid remaining in separated ...
Diefenbach, A., and D.H. Raulet. 2003. Innate immune recognition by stimulatory immunoreceptors. Curr Opin Immunol 15:37-44.
... [30,37]. Interestingly, rejection of NKG2D ligandexpressing RMA or RMA-S tumor cells required functional perforin but not IFN-g, suggesting that pore-forming cytotoxic granules, but not IFN-g from NK cells and CD8 T cells, are the main effector mechanism for tumor rejection [37]. Strikingly, mi ...
... [30,37]. Interestingly, rejection of NKG2D ligandexpressing RMA or RMA-S tumor cells required functional perforin but not IFN-g, suggesting that pore-forming cytotoxic granules, but not IFN-g from NK cells and CD8 T cells, are the main effector mechanism for tumor rejection [37]. Strikingly, mi ...
Lecture-1-Allergy-immunology-and
... • T cell lymphocytes are the “controllers” of the immune response • There are two major classes of T cells, differentiated on the basis of their cell surface receptors: – Helper T cells (Th) • Express CD4 receptor (CD4+) • Act in conjunction with MHC class II molecules ...
... • T cell lymphocytes are the “controllers” of the immune response • There are two major classes of T cells, differentiated on the basis of their cell surface receptors: – Helper T cells (Th) • Express CD4 receptor (CD4+) • Act in conjunction with MHC class II molecules ...
Margot Shields
... months following natural disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes. Intrusive thoughts among victims of a hurricane were found to be associated with lower levels of natural killer cells (NK). • Studies were conducted to assess stress effects on residents of the area surrounding the Three Mile Isla ...
... months following natural disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes. Intrusive thoughts among victims of a hurricane were found to be associated with lower levels of natural killer cells (NK). • Studies were conducted to assess stress effects on residents of the area surrounding the Three Mile Isla ...
Ms. Costello`s and Dr. Gocke`s PowerPoint slides
... Monocytes also act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for lymphocyte functioning in adaptive immunity, and they become further stimulated by the mechanisms of this protective mechanism. ...
... Monocytes also act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for lymphocyte functioning in adaptive immunity, and they become further stimulated by the mechanisms of this protective mechanism. ...
Regulation of human gut B lymphocytes by T lymphocytes
... Gastric mucosal B:T cell co-cultures failed to show significant T cell modulation of B cell function, in the limited number of experiments available for analysis. The considerable variation in results may reflect shifts in the dose response curve not detected with the choice of ratios used, the vari ...
... Gastric mucosal B:T cell co-cultures failed to show significant T cell modulation of B cell function, in the limited number of experiments available for analysis. The considerable variation in results may reflect shifts in the dose response curve not detected with the choice of ratios used, the vari ...
Antigens
... • Lymphocyte precursors destined to become T cells migrate (in blood) to the thymus and mature there. • B cells mature in the bone marrow. • During maturation lymphocytes develop immunocompetence and self-tolerance. ...
... • Lymphocyte precursors destined to become T cells migrate (in blood) to the thymus and mature there. • B cells mature in the bone marrow. • During maturation lymphocytes develop immunocompetence and self-tolerance. ...
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte (in turn, a type of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells (NK cells), by the presence of a T-cell receptor (TCR) on the cell surface. They are called T cells because they mature in the thymus (although some also mature in the tonsils). The several subsets of T cells each have a distinct function. The majority of human T cells rearrange their alpha/beta T cell receptors and are termed alpha beta T cells and are part of adaptive immune system. Specialized gamma delta T cells, which comprise a minority of T cells in the human body (more frequent in ruminants), have invariant TCR (with limited diversity), can effectively present antigens to other T cells and are considered to be part of the innate immune system.