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Biochemistry
Biochemistry

... • Molecules are formed by the joining of atoms of two or more elements. (smallest combination that cannot be divided without changing its chemical and ...
The Central Dogma – Protein Synthesis
The Central Dogma – Protein Synthesis

... – contains the “genetic library” encoded in the sequences of nucleotides in molecules of DNA • code for the amino acid sequences of all proteins • determines which specific proteins are to be made in a particular cell type –determines the function of that cell • The synthesis of proteins involves: – ...
The Central Dogma – Protein Synthesis
The Central Dogma – Protein Synthesis

... – contains the “genetic library” encoded in the sequences of nucleotides in molecules of DNA • code for the amino acid sequences of all proteins • determines which specific proteins are to be made in a particular cell type –determines the function of that cell • The synthesis of proteins involves: – ...
chem_1 ILO 2013-9-19 - Faculty Members Websites
chem_1 ILO 2013-9-19 - Faculty Members Websites

... biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and fibrous and globular proteins) and their interrelated functioning in a biological system. Biological membranes and transport will be further discussed. Bioenergetics and oxidative phosphorylations will be covered. Additionally basic concepts of me ...
Repair of Broken Chromosomes and Maintenance of Chromosome
Repair of Broken Chromosomes and Maintenance of Chromosome

... Even when DSBs are “perfectly” repaired by gene conversion, the increase in frequency of repair leads to a dramatic increase in the rate of mutagenesis. The increased rate of mutation may directly contribute to the accumulation of additional mutations in precancerous cells. ...
chem_1 ILO 2013-9-19 - Faculty Members Websites
chem_1 ILO 2013-9-19 - Faculty Members Websites

... biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and fibrous and globular proteins) and their interrelated functioning in a biological system. Biological membranes and transport will be further discussed. Bioenergetics and oxidative phosphorylations will be covered. Additionally basic concepts of me ...
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Biological Molecules
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... subsequently   measured   using   DNA   measurements   kits   (e.g.   Quant-­‐iT™   PicoGreen®   dsDNA   Reagent   and   Kits   or   CyQUANT™   Cell   Proliferation   Assay   –   see   note   n°5   below,   both   from   Invitrogen)   following   ...
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cell membrane and passive transport
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Introduction to Nucleic Acids
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... messenger RNA and transfer RNA, respectively. You may even hear about rRNA which stands for ribosomal RNA. They are called nucleic acids because scientists first found them in the nucleus of cells. Now that we have better equipment, nucleic acids have been found in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and ce ...
Cells: Chapt. 5 & Chapt. 4: Pgs. 70-75
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... • The organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria) resemble bacteria in size and structure. • These organelles each contain a small amount of DNA but lack a nuclear membrane. • Each has the capability of self-replication. They reproduce by binary fission. • They make their own proteins. • During prote ...
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... calculated that a bee should not be able to fly. Cell biologists have since found that the muscles which control the wings of the bee have a huge number of mitochondria. Explain why this discovery may help explain why bees are able to fly. -the mitochondria provide energy for cells- the cells of a b ...
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... Be able to ID the following in a picture: DNA, RNA, ATP, amino acid, nucleotide, phospholipid, glucose Which macromolecules are important in making cell membranes? ...
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The Cell
The Cell

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... • How are proteins organized and how is their shape important to their function? • How are DNA similar and how are they different? ...
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Cell-penetrating peptide



Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that facilitate cellular uptake of various molecular cargo (from nanosize particles to small chemical molecules and large fragments of DNA). The ""cargo"" is associated with the peptides either through chemical linkage via covalent bonds or through non-covalent interactions. The function of the CPPs are to deliver the cargo into cells, a process that commonly occurs through endocytosis with the cargo delivered to the endosomes of living mammalian cells.CPPs hold great potential as in vitro and in vivo delivery vectors for use in research and medicine. Current use is limited by a lack of cell specificity in CPP-mediated cargo delivery and insufficient understanding of the modes of their uptake.CPPs typically have an amino acid composition that either contains a high relative abundance of positively charged amino acids such as lysine or arginine or has sequences that contain an alternating pattern of polar/charged amino acids and non-polar, hydrophobic amino acids. These two types of structures are referred to as polycationic or amphipathic, respectively. A third class of CPPs are the hydrophobic peptides, containing only apolar residues, with low net chargeor have hydrophobic amino acid groups that are crucial for cellular uptake.The first CPP was discovered independently by two laboratories in 1988, when it was found that the trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) from human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) could be efficiently taken up from the surrounding media by numerous cell types in culture. Since then, the number of known CPPs has expanded considerably and small molecule synthetic analogues with more effective protein transduction properties have been generated.
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