Optogenetics Review1 - Department Of Biological Sciences
... electrical stimulation methods: finer spatiotemporal resolution and parallel stimulations at multiple sites (Callaway €ck 2004). These methods are & Yuste 2002; Miesenbo also less harmful and more convenient than electrical stimulation methods. Another breakthrough combined optical stimulation with ...
... electrical stimulation methods: finer spatiotemporal resolution and parallel stimulations at multiple sites (Callaway €ck 2004). These methods are & Yuste 2002; Miesenbo also less harmful and more convenient than electrical stimulation methods. Another breakthrough combined optical stimulation with ...
Enlightenment - The Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science
... Optogenetics has several key advantages over previous methods of controlling neuronal activity, such as electrical stimulation or neurotransmitter uncaging. Optogenetics is less invasive than electrical stimulation, since light can penetrate several millimeters into brain tissue (7). Neurotransmitte ...
... Optogenetics has several key advantages over previous methods of controlling neuronal activity, such as electrical stimulation or neurotransmitter uncaging. Optogenetics is less invasive than electrical stimulation, since light can penetrate several millimeters into brain tissue (7). Neurotransmitte ...
reverse engineering of the visual system using networks of spiking
... cortex. Calculations suggest that each of these stages only has about 10 ms to do the necessary computation. Ten milliseconds may seem plenty of time given the speed of today's electronics, but the neurones in the visual system rarely generate pulses at more than 100 or so spikes per second. This me ...
... cortex. Calculations suggest that each of these stages only has about 10 ms to do the necessary computation. Ten milliseconds may seem plenty of time given the speed of today's electronics, but the neurones in the visual system rarely generate pulses at more than 100 or so spikes per second. This me ...
The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and
... A field can be either on- or off-center. Light falling on an on-center receptive field excites the ganglion cell, while light falling on an off-center receptive field inhibits the ganglion cell. The surround area has the opposite effect so ganglion cell activity depends on which part of the field is ...
... A field can be either on- or off-center. Light falling on an on-center receptive field excites the ganglion cell, while light falling on an off-center receptive field inhibits the ganglion cell. The surround area has the opposite effect so ganglion cell activity depends on which part of the field is ...
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and their Derivatives for
... Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have recently been generated for various inherited diseases. These hiPSC have the capacity to differentiate into any given cell type with the help of small compounds and growth factors aiding the process. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) several specific neur ...
... Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have recently been generated for various inherited diseases. These hiPSC have the capacity to differentiate into any given cell type with the help of small compounds and growth factors aiding the process. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) several specific neur ...
Specificity of Synaptic Connections II (i.e. Target Selection by Axons)
... Axons could grow into a structure just as their appropriate target cells are ready to ...
... Axons could grow into a structure just as their appropriate target cells are ready to ...
SNP - Nature
... BALB/c mice (homozygous for the G allele) had increased 5-HT turnover in the striatum and hippocampus only following repeated stress. C57BL36 mice (homozygous for the C allele) had increased 5-HT turnover following acute stress. TPH activity was decreased in the brain stem and cortical regions follo ...
... BALB/c mice (homozygous for the G allele) had increased 5-HT turnover in the striatum and hippocampus only following repeated stress. C57BL36 mice (homozygous for the C allele) had increased 5-HT turnover following acute stress. TPH activity was decreased in the brain stem and cortical regions follo ...
Ch. 2 Notes
... depletes the amount of seratonin in the brain PCP – stimulates both the sympathetic and peripheral nervous system ...
... depletes the amount of seratonin in the brain PCP – stimulates both the sympathetic and peripheral nervous system ...
Functional connectivity of the entorhinal–hippocampal space circuit
... local cells as well as axons from neurons with cell bodies in other brain regions, such as the EC. Retrograde transport of virus from axons to soma was maximized by cross-packaging rAAV2 with the viral capsid of AAV1 to generate chimeric rAAV2/1. Membrane trafficking was improved by a trafficking si ...
... local cells as well as axons from neurons with cell bodies in other brain regions, such as the EC. Retrograde transport of virus from axons to soma was maximized by cross-packaging rAAV2 with the viral capsid of AAV1 to generate chimeric rAAV2/1. Membrane trafficking was improved by a trafficking si ...
Saccade-related activity of periaqueductal gray matter of the
... known to induce abnormal eye movements (periaqueductal gray syndrome1). Although the PAG is surrounded by important structures related to eye movements, such as the superior colliculus, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and nucleus of Darkschewitsch, it is not known whether the PAG itself takes part in ...
... known to induce abnormal eye movements (periaqueductal gray syndrome1). Although the PAG is surrounded by important structures related to eye movements, such as the superior colliculus, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and nucleus of Darkschewitsch, it is not known whether the PAG itself takes part in ...
layer 4 - Molecular and Cell Biology
... • Normal visual input may not be necessary for the initial formation, but required for fine tuning and maintenance of visual circuit • Initial OD development may depend on spontaneous activity (e.g., retinal waves, correlated between neighboring RGC, but uncorrelated between the two eyes) ...
... • Normal visual input may not be necessary for the initial formation, but required for fine tuning and maintenance of visual circuit • Initial OD development may depend on spontaneous activity (e.g., retinal waves, correlated between neighboring RGC, but uncorrelated between the two eyes) ...
Nerve activates contraction
... • cells of the nervous system that transmit messages throughout the body • neuroglia • non-neural tissue of the nervous system • provides support ...
... • cells of the nervous system that transmit messages throughout the body • neuroglia • non-neural tissue of the nervous system • provides support ...
Introductory chapter
... and Hartline have formed the paradigm for subsequent exploration of the nervous system. On the one hand this must mean that their early experiments captured essential and universal features of the neural code. On the other hand one must worry that, in following this single line of ideas, some crucia ...
... and Hartline have formed the paradigm for subsequent exploration of the nervous system. On the one hand this must mean that their early experiments captured essential and universal features of the neural code. On the other hand one must worry that, in following this single line of ideas, some crucia ...
Biological Basis of Behavior Lecture 10 II. BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF
... Neurons are unique in that after a certain point in development, virtually all neurons do not reproduce (multiply) or regenerate (grow). Unlike, skin cells, generally neurons do not grow back when lost. ...
... Neurons are unique in that after a certain point in development, virtually all neurons do not reproduce (multiply) or regenerate (grow). Unlike, skin cells, generally neurons do not grow back when lost. ...
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 1
... Here the green color is the main distinguishing features between the dots that form the "10" and the background. If you do not see the "10", you may be color blind. But another possibility is that colors used to reproduce this figure are not quite correct. Each cone type contains a different light s ...
... Here the green color is the main distinguishing features between the dots that form the "10" and the background. If you do not see the "10", you may be color blind. But another possibility is that colors used to reproduce this figure are not quite correct. Each cone type contains a different light s ...
Biology of the Mind Neural and Hormonal Systems
... covering each axon segment of the nerve cells and constrict at the Nodes of Ranvier. ▪ The neurons of the brain and spinal cord do not have such a cell layer covering their myelin sheaths. ...
... covering each axon segment of the nerve cells and constrict at the Nodes of Ranvier. ▪ The neurons of the brain and spinal cord do not have such a cell layer covering their myelin sheaths. ...
Chapter 44 - Sensory Systems
... Overview of Sensory Receptors • Receptors can be grouped into three classes 1. Mechanoreceptors are stimulated by mechanical forces such as pressure 2. Chemoreceptors detect chemicals or chemical changes 3. Electromagnetic receptors react to heat and light energy ...
... Overview of Sensory Receptors • Receptors can be grouped into three classes 1. Mechanoreceptors are stimulated by mechanical forces such as pressure 2. Chemoreceptors detect chemicals or chemical changes 3. Electromagnetic receptors react to heat and light energy ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.