msc_botnay_pre_pap1_bl2
... division. All the machinery required for "duplication" of DNA is located in nucleus. Further, the flow of genetic information follows the pathway: DNA ...
... division. All the machinery required for "duplication" of DNA is located in nucleus. Further, the flow of genetic information follows the pathway: DNA ...
Library screening
... The isolation of NA sequences from a library by means of differential hybridization with complex NA probes The principle is based on differences in the concentration of NA species between two or more samples mRNas are the NA sequences studied Differential screening aims at isolating differen ...
... The isolation of NA sequences from a library by means of differential hybridization with complex NA probes The principle is based on differences in the concentration of NA species between two or more samples mRNas are the NA sequences studied Differential screening aims at isolating differen ...
Structure of the DNA-binding motifs of activators
... – Individual factors interact to form a protein dimer facilitating binding to a single DNA target site – Specific factors bound to different DNA target sites can collaborate in activating a gene ...
... – Individual factors interact to form a protein dimer facilitating binding to a single DNA target site – Specific factors bound to different DNA target sites can collaborate in activating a gene ...
Define genetics, genome, chromosome, gene, genetic code
... per million replicated genes Mutagens increase mutation rate 10 – 1000x ...
... per million replicated genes Mutagens increase mutation rate 10 – 1000x ...
AP Biology - farishapbio
... i. Bottle neck effect – gen. Drift resulting from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is not longer genetically representative of the original population ii. Founder effect – gen. Drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated ...
... i. Bottle neck effect – gen. Drift resulting from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is not longer genetically representative of the original population ii. Founder effect – gen. Drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated ...
Organic Molecules
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
Macromolecules
... Some proteins only have tertiary structure, however, many are made up of several polypeptides (called protein subunits) joined together by long-range bonds, including disulphide bridges (-S-S-) between two polypeptides, hydrogen bonds and others. Haemoglobin is a good example of a protein with quate ...
... Some proteins only have tertiary structure, however, many are made up of several polypeptides (called protein subunits) joined together by long-range bonds, including disulphide bridges (-S-S-) between two polypeptides, hydrogen bonds and others. Haemoglobin is a good example of a protein with quate ...
Chapter14_Outline
... in all individuals within a population • Genotype frequency: proportion of individuals in a population with a specific genotype • Genotype frequencies may differ from one population to another • Allele frequency: proportion of any specific allele in a population • Allele frequencies are estimated fr ...
... in all individuals within a population • Genotype frequency: proportion of individuals in a population with a specific genotype • Genotype frequencies may differ from one population to another • Allele frequency: proportion of any specific allele in a population • Allele frequencies are estimated fr ...
Understanding the Theory of Evolution Isn`t evolution “just”
... INTRODUCTION: The tiny rock pocket mouse weighs just 15 grams, about as much as a handful of paperclips. A typical rock pocket mouse is just about 170 millimeters long from nose to rump, shorter than an average pencil. Their impact on science, however, has been enormous. What’s so special about thes ...
... INTRODUCTION: The tiny rock pocket mouse weighs just 15 grams, about as much as a handful of paperclips. A typical rock pocket mouse is just about 170 millimeters long from nose to rump, shorter than an average pencil. Their impact on science, however, has been enormous. What’s so special about thes ...
Molecular Evidence for Evolution
... from other forms of evidence. Molecular clocks are used to determine how closely two species are related by calculating the number of differences between the species’ DNA sequences or amino acid sequences. These clocks are sometimes called gene clocks or evolutionary clocks. The fewer the difference ...
... from other forms of evidence. Molecular clocks are used to determine how closely two species are related by calculating the number of differences between the species’ DNA sequences or amino acid sequences. These clocks are sometimes called gene clocks or evolutionary clocks. The fewer the difference ...
Organic Molecules
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
... • Nonpolar organic molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen • Energy rich molecules that can be used for energy – typically occurs when there is an absence of usable carbohydrates in the body • Major molecule that provides structure to biological membranes • Used as signaling molecules for commu ...
MOL WS 2016 Handout T3 Metabolism RNA world
... The hammerhead ribozyme is a RNA molecule motif that catalyzes reversible cleavage and joining reactions at a specific site within an RNA molecule. - model system for research on the structure and properties of RNA, - targeted RNA cleavage experiments, ...
... The hammerhead ribozyme is a RNA molecule motif that catalyzes reversible cleavage and joining reactions at a specific site within an RNA molecule. - model system for research on the structure and properties of RNA, - targeted RNA cleavage experiments, ...
Control of Gene Expression
... either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons – but also in directing development as well as gene expression in general ...
... either increase or decrease their activity, for example by preventing an mRNA from producing a protein. RNA interference has an important role in defending cells against parasitic nucleotide sequences – viruses and transposons – but also in directing development as well as gene expression in general ...
Click here to - Kendriya Vidyalaya Sabarmati
... Name the Genus to which majority of biocontrol agent Baculoviruses belongs? Why these viruses are considered excellent biocontrol agents? ...
... Name the Genus to which majority of biocontrol agent Baculoviruses belongs? Why these viruses are considered excellent biocontrol agents? ...
Chemistry PPT
... there are other chemicals that can trigger the same sensation. • We perceive sweetness when molecules of a substance attach to the “sweet” taste receptors on our tongue, triggering a message to the brain. • Many different kinds of molecules can bind to our “sweet” taste receptors, each causing a sim ...
... there are other chemicals that can trigger the same sensation. • We perceive sweetness when molecules of a substance attach to the “sweet” taste receptors on our tongue, triggering a message to the brain. • Many different kinds of molecules can bind to our “sweet” taste receptors, each causing a sim ...
Overview: The Molecules of Life
... Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells. They are instrumental in almost everything that an organism does. Protein functions include structural support, storage, transport, cellular signaling, movement, and defense against foreign substances. Most important, protein enzymes ...
... Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells. They are instrumental in almost everything that an organism does. Protein functions include structural support, storage, transport, cellular signaling, movement, and defense against foreign substances. Most important, protein enzymes ...
Lecture: How do neurons work
... Restriction enzymes, also called restriction nucleases (EcoRI in this example), surround the DNA molecule at the point they seek (sequence GAATTC). They cut one strand of the DNA double helix at one point and the second strand at a different, complementary point (between the G and the A base). The s ...
... Restriction enzymes, also called restriction nucleases (EcoRI in this example), surround the DNA molecule at the point they seek (sequence GAATTC). They cut one strand of the DNA double helix at one point and the second strand at a different, complementary point (between the G and the A base). The s ...
The Rock Pocket Mouse: Genes, Pathways, and Natural
... The Mc1r Gene: The coat color of rock pocket mice is determined by two pigments: eumelanin, which is darkcolored; and pheomelanin, which is light-colored. The synthesis of these pigments are controlled by the products of several genes, including the Mc1r gene. This gene encodes a protein called the ...
... The Mc1r Gene: The coat color of rock pocket mice is determined by two pigments: eumelanin, which is darkcolored; and pheomelanin, which is light-colored. The synthesis of these pigments are controlled by the products of several genes, including the Mc1r gene. This gene encodes a protein called the ...
Lect 6 JF 2012.pptx
... - can’t grow if supplied with the ornithine - but can grow if they are supplied with citrulline or arginine - therefore the enzymatic block must be in the enzymatic step that converts ornithine citrulline ...
... - can’t grow if supplied with the ornithine - but can grow if they are supplied with citrulline or arginine - therefore the enzymatic block must be in the enzymatic step that converts ornithine citrulline ...
1.2a Chemistry of Life
... there are other chemicals that can trigger the same sensation. • We perceive sweetness when molecules of a substance attach to the “sweet” taste receptors on our tongue, triggering a message to the brain. • Many different kinds of molecules can bind to our “sweet” taste receptors, each causing a sim ...
... there are other chemicals that can trigger the same sensation. • We perceive sweetness when molecules of a substance attach to the “sweet” taste receptors on our tongue, triggering a message to the brain. • Many different kinds of molecules can bind to our “sweet” taste receptors, each causing a sim ...
Ch8MicrobialGenetics
... per million replicated genes Mutagens increase mutation rate 10 – 1000x ...
... per million replicated genes Mutagens increase mutation rate 10 – 1000x ...
4.3-4.4 Genetics and Biotechnology Study Guide File
... o Locus: the particular position on homologous chromosomes of a gene. o Homozygous: having two identical alleles of a gene. o Heterozygous: having two different alleles of a gene. o Carrier: an individual that has one copy of a recessive allele that causes a genetic disease in individuals that are h ...
... o Locus: the particular position on homologous chromosomes of a gene. o Homozygous: having two identical alleles of a gene. o Heterozygous: having two different alleles of a gene. o Carrier: an individual that has one copy of a recessive allele that causes a genetic disease in individuals that are h ...
PAPER 1 File
... In garden peas, the pairs of alleles coding for seed shape and seed colour are unlinked. The allele for smooth seeds (S) is dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds (s). The allele for yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y). If a plant of genotype Ssyy is crossed with a ...
... In garden peas, the pairs of alleles coding for seed shape and seed colour are unlinked. The allele for smooth seeds (S) is dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds (s). The allele for yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y). If a plant of genotype Ssyy is crossed with a ...
Deoxyribozyme
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Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of catalyzing specific chemical reactions, similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA).However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s,there are no known naturally occurring deoxyribozymes.Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that selectively bind a target ligand, but do not catalyze a subsequent chemical reaction.With the exception of ribozymes, nucleic acid molecules within cells primarily serve as storage of genetic information due to its ability to form complementary base pairs, which allows for high-fidelity copying and transfer of genetic information. In contrast, nucleic acid molecules are more limited in their catalytic ability, in comparison to protein enzymes, to just three types of interactions: hydrogen bonding, pi stacking, and metal-ion coordination. This is due to the limited number of functional groups of the nucleic acid monomers: while proteins are built from up to twenty different amino acids with various functional groups, nucleic acids are built from just four chemically similar nucleobases. In addition, DNA lacks the 2'-hydroxyl group found in RNA which limits the catalytic competency of deoxyribozymes even in comparison to ribozymes.In addition to the inherent inferiority of DNA catalytic activity, the apparent lack of naturally occurring deoxyribozymes may also be due to the primarily double-stranded conformation of DNA in biological systems which would limit its physical flexibility and ability to form tertiary structures, and so would drastically limit the ability of double-stranded DNA to act as a catalyst; though there are a few known instances of biological single-stranded DNA such as multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA), certain viral genomes, and the replication fork formed during DNA replication. Further structural differences between DNA and RNA may also play a role in the lack of biological deoxyribozymes, such as the additional methyl group of the DNA base thymidine compared to the RNA base uracil or the tendency of DNA to adopt the B-form helix while RNA tends to adopt the A-form helix. However, it has also been shown that DNA can form structures that RNA cannot, which suggests that, though there are differences in structures that each can form, neither is inherently more or less catalytic due to their possible structural motifs.