REVIEWS How membrane proteins travel across the mitochondrial
... Both models raise intriguing questions. What is the mechanism by which the precursor is handed from one complex to another? Do the two 70 kDa complexes select the imported substrates as they emerge from the TOM complex? Is the transfer of the precursor between the different Tim proteins mediated by ...
... Both models raise intriguing questions. What is the mechanism by which the precursor is handed from one complex to another? Do the two 70 kDa complexes select the imported substrates as they emerge from the TOM complex? Is the transfer of the precursor between the different Tim proteins mediated by ...
7. Metabolism
... Plants use the sun’s energy to make carbohydrate from carbon dioxide and water. This is called photosynthesis. Humans and animals eat the plants and use the carbohydrate as fuel for their bodies. During digestion, the energy-yielding nutrients are broken down to monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycero ...
... Plants use the sun’s energy to make carbohydrate from carbon dioxide and water. This is called photosynthesis. Humans and animals eat the plants and use the carbohydrate as fuel for their bodies. During digestion, the energy-yielding nutrients are broken down to monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycero ...
Mass spectrometry and the search for moonlighting proteins
... in PHGPx (glutathione peroxidase), a soluble enzyme that is also a sperm structural protein (Ursini et al., 1999). In other proteins, the two functions appear to be more closely related, such as the PMS2 DNA mismatch repair enzyme that also functions in hypermutation of antibody variable chains in i ...
... in PHGPx (glutathione peroxidase), a soluble enzyme that is also a sperm structural protein (Ursini et al., 1999). In other proteins, the two functions appear to be more closely related, such as the PMS2 DNA mismatch repair enzyme that also functions in hypermutation of antibody variable chains in i ...
Functional and quantitative proteomics using SILAC
... in the treated, but not the untreated, stableisotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-labelled cell populations, and cells are combined. The actual mass spectrometry (MS) data for peptides from two different proteins is shown in panel b. The SILAC peptide pair at mass-to-charge ratio ...
... in the treated, but not the untreated, stableisotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-labelled cell populations, and cells are combined. The actual mass spectrometry (MS) data for peptides from two different proteins is shown in panel b. The SILAC peptide pair at mass-to-charge ratio ...
HMH 2.3 notes
... • Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together. – Monomers are the individual subunits. – Polymers are made of many monomers. ...
... • Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together. – Monomers are the individual subunits. – Polymers are made of many monomers. ...
bio cleaning solutions - Green Worx Cleaning Solutions
... grass, waste degradation and cleaning and odour control. In their natural environment, bacteria produce hundreds of enzymes in response to the organics present in their environment. They produce extracellular enzymes that break down proteins, starches, fats, oils, greases and toilet tissue into smal ...
... grass, waste degradation and cleaning and odour control. In their natural environment, bacteria produce hundreds of enzymes in response to the organics present in their environment. They produce extracellular enzymes that break down proteins, starches, fats, oils, greases and toilet tissue into smal ...
9-Amino Acids and Proteins
... which means that the amino group is attached to the alpha carbon (the carbon next to the carboxyl group). There are 20 amino acids that differ from each other only in the identity of the side chain attached to the alpha-carbon. The amino acid side chains can be classified based on whether they are n ...
... which means that the amino group is attached to the alpha carbon (the carbon next to the carboxyl group). There are 20 amino acids that differ from each other only in the identity of the side chain attached to the alpha-carbon. The amino acid side chains can be classified based on whether they are n ...
From: Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 408
... 1. Introduction Although the protein sequence-structure-function paradigm (well known as the “lock-and-key” hypothesis [1]), according to which a protein can achieve its biological function only on folding into a unique, structured state determined by its amino acid sequence, was a dominating view f ...
... 1. Introduction Although the protein sequence-structure-function paradigm (well known as the “lock-and-key” hypothesis [1]), according to which a protein can achieve its biological function only on folding into a unique, structured state determined by its amino acid sequence, was a dominating view f ...
The Chemistry of Life
... – animals store glucose as glycogen in their livers – plants store glucose as starch – cellulose is the "roughage" or "fiber" needed for correct digestion. – cellulose cannot be digested by humans – cellulose in our diet promotes defecation and reduces colon cancer! ...
... – animals store glucose as glycogen in their livers – plants store glucose as starch – cellulose is the "roughage" or "fiber" needed for correct digestion. – cellulose cannot be digested by humans – cellulose in our diet promotes defecation and reduces colon cancer! ...
characteristics and stabilization of dnaase
... The DNAase digest of DNA was prepared by incubat.ing 5 mg/ml salmon sperm DNA with 10 pg/ml DNAase for 6 hr at 35” in 20 Hmoles/ml phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and 20 pmoles/ml DNrlase was destroyed by three deproteinizations according to the method magnesium acetate. of Sevag,? and traces of solvents ...
... The DNAase digest of DNA was prepared by incubat.ing 5 mg/ml salmon sperm DNA with 10 pg/ml DNAase for 6 hr at 35” in 20 Hmoles/ml phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and 20 pmoles/ml DNrlase was destroyed by three deproteinizations according to the method magnesium acetate. of Sevag,? and traces of solvents ...
Analysis of hepatocyte nuclear factor
... development. Toward this goal, functional dissection of numerous hepatocyte-specific promoter and enhancer regions has revealed that they are structurally complex, consisting of multiple DNA binding sites recognized by distinct families of liverenriched transcription factors (1). The combinatorial a ...
... development. Toward this goal, functional dissection of numerous hepatocyte-specific promoter and enhancer regions has revealed that they are structurally complex, consisting of multiple DNA binding sites recognized by distinct families of liverenriched transcription factors (1). The combinatorial a ...
`RNA world`.
... •Enzymes facilitate the formation of a transition state, thereby lowering the activation energy. ...
... •Enzymes facilitate the formation of a transition state, thereby lowering the activation energy. ...
Amino Acid Catabolism
... Non-essential Amino Acid Biosynthesis • Transamination – Pyruvatealanine – Oxaloacetateaspartate – a-ketoglutarateglutamate ...
... Non-essential Amino Acid Biosynthesis • Transamination – Pyruvatealanine – Oxaloacetateaspartate – a-ketoglutarateglutamate ...
08. mechanism of uptake - physiological role of nutrients
... 2. Anions are absorbed through cytochrome chain by an active process. (Cytochromes are ion – porphyrin proteins that act as enzymes and helps in election transfer during respiration). 3. Cations are absorbed passively. According to this theory 1) Dehydrogenase reactions on inner side of the membrane ...
... 2. Anions are absorbed through cytochrome chain by an active process. (Cytochromes are ion – porphyrin proteins that act as enzymes and helps in election transfer during respiration). 3. Cations are absorbed passively. According to this theory 1) Dehydrogenase reactions on inner side of the membrane ...
Serine Protease Mechanism
... (left) HIV-1 protease complexed with the inhibitor Crixivan (red) made by Merck. The flaps (residues 46-55 from each subunit) covering the active site are shown in green and the active site aspartate residues involved in catalysis are shown in white. (right) The close-up of the active site shows the ...
... (left) HIV-1 protease complexed with the inhibitor Crixivan (red) made by Merck. The flaps (residues 46-55 from each subunit) covering the active site are shown in green and the active site aspartate residues involved in catalysis are shown in white. (right) The close-up of the active site shows the ...
EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS ON THE GENE EXPRESSION: Nutri
... • In the liver, glucose, in the presence of insulin, induces expression of genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, e.g. L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase, and represses genes of the gluconeogenic pathway, such as t ...
... • In the liver, glucose, in the presence of insulin, induces expression of genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, e.g. L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase, and represses genes of the gluconeogenic pathway, such as t ...
effect of protein on gene expression
... • Single cell organisms are able to adjust their metabolic capacity in response to variation in the nutrient supply in the culture medium e.g. nutrient dependent regulation of the lactose, histidine and tryptophane operons by their respective substrates has been well characterized in bacteria. • In ...
... • Single cell organisms are able to adjust their metabolic capacity in response to variation in the nutrient supply in the culture medium e.g. nutrient dependent regulation of the lactose, histidine and tryptophane operons by their respective substrates has been well characterized in bacteria. • In ...
Going from where to why—interpretable
... subcellular localization that addresses these issues. Due to its simple architecture, YLoc can identify the relevant features of a protein sequence contributing to its subcellular localization, e.g. localization signals or motifs relevant to protein sorting. We present several example applications w ...
... subcellular localization that addresses these issues. Due to its simple architecture, YLoc can identify the relevant features of a protein sequence contributing to its subcellular localization, e.g. localization signals or motifs relevant to protein sorting. We present several example applications w ...
evaluation of cirrhosis liver disease via protein-protein
... EXPASY and DAVID Bioinformatics Resources (v 6.7) (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov.). The name of related proteins searched in uniprot and then the codes were extracted. The codes used in DAVID Bioinformatics Resources for GO analysis. A pack of gene annotations (e.g. functions, processes) can help id ...
... EXPASY and DAVID Bioinformatics Resources (v 6.7) (http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov.). The name of related proteins searched in uniprot and then the codes were extracted. The codes used in DAVID Bioinformatics Resources for GO analysis. A pack of gene annotations (e.g. functions, processes) can help id ...
Cell Physiology Lear..
... 1. Describe the physiological relevance of basic biological processes discussed in this course, including how they are regulated by physiological signals, what their physiological consequences are, and how their dysregulation might result in disease states. 2. Apply knowledge about basic cell physio ...
... 1. Describe the physiological relevance of basic biological processes discussed in this course, including how they are regulated by physiological signals, what their physiological consequences are, and how their dysregulation might result in disease states. 2. Apply knowledge about basic cell physio ...
Figures from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology
... protein that exists at any time. • Each protein has unique lifetime, but the lifetimes of different proteins varies tremendously. • Proteins with short life-spans, that are misfolded, or that become oxidized must be destroyed and recycled by the cell. Enzymes that degrade proteins are called proteas ...
... protein that exists at any time. • Each protein has unique lifetime, but the lifetimes of different proteins varies tremendously. • Proteins with short life-spans, that are misfolded, or that become oxidized must be destroyed and recycled by the cell. Enzymes that degrade proteins are called proteas ...
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. Uncatalysed, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is extremely slow, taking hundreds of years. Proteolysis is typically catalysed by cellular enzymes called proteases, but may also occur by intra-molecular digestion. Low pH or high temperatures can also cause proteolysis non-enzymatically.Proteolysis in organisms serves many purposes; for example, digestive enzymes break down proteins in food to provide amino acids for the organism, while proteolytic processing of a polypeptide chain after its synthesis may be necessary for the production of an active protein. It is also important in the regulation of some physiological and cellular processes, as well as preventing the accumulation of unwanted or abnormal proteins in cells. Consequently, dis-regulation of proteolysis can cause diseases, and is used in some venoms to damage their prey.Proteolysis is important as an analytical tool for studying proteins in the laboratory, as well as industrially, for example in food processing and stain removal.