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customer guide for the interconnection of distributed resources to the
customer guide for the interconnection of distributed resources to the

... power restoration practices used for distribution systems have been based on the fundamental assumption that there are no generation sources on the distribution system. Generation sources on the distribution system can create operating conditions that cannot be managed in conventional ways and may r ...
Environmental effects associated with the depletion of timber stocks
Environmental effects associated with the depletion of timber stocks

... of the remaining terrestrial biodiversity worldwide, they are also a major sink for carbon, assist in maintaining soil fertility, protect watersheds and minimize the risk of natural disasters such as landslides and floods. Many countries in the world including Ghana do not have comprehensive balance ...
ECO Guide Book 99
ECO Guide Book 99

... and their populations are linked by centuries of common history, culture and traditions. It is from Central Asia that the massive human migrations of pre-history started, with branches moving westwards into the Middle East and Europe, southwards into South Asia, eastwards into China and the Far East ...
The Effect of Inequality, Democracy, and Economic
The Effect of Inequality, Democracy, and Economic

... through voting rights granted to poorer citizens demanding redistribution. In other words, democracy promotes greater participation of the voters that serves as a whistle blowers to poor-quality institution, while inequality works in the opposite direction namely greater inequality translate into we ...
Vision 2050
Vision 2050

... natural resource sectors combined, our mid-point estimate is that their global gross value added (GVA) could almost double from around $8.8 trillion in 2008 to just over $17 trillion in 2050 (at constant 2008 prices). Their share of total world GDP would, however, be projected to decline from 14.6% ...
oil price volatility and economic activity
oil price volatility and economic activity

... This paper surveys recent research in the area of oil price movements and their effect on economic and financial performance in IEA countries. To the extent they correlate negatively with economic indicators, future oil (and natural gas) price streams represent a highly risky obligation for energy c ...
The Economics of Sustainability: A Review of Journal Articles
The Economics of Sustainability: A Review of Journal Articles

How Should Uganda Grow?
How Should Uganda Grow?

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Do Oil Exports Fuel Defense Spending?

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oil price shocks and economic growth in nigeria: are

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report - Center for Economic and Social Development

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Oil Price Volatility Factors An Applied Research Project Presented in

... influenced the price for crude oil. The last couple of decade witnessed an astonishing economic growth from countries outside OCED. The hunger to fuel the domestic requirement of these emerging economies due to their growing population, industrial and commercial growth have led to higher consumption ...
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This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Inflation: Causes and Effects

... needs to be lowered to offset inflation as it occurs. Similarly, when the price level drops below target, the dollar price of the resource unit should be raised. Readjustments in the dollar price of the resource unit could be the responsibility of the Federal Reserve Board just as the quantity of mo ...
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February 2014 Contents
February 2014 Contents

... extraction through transport, transformation and use, to waste disposal). Key requests of the resource efficiency are to produce more with less input and to change consumption patterns to limit the risks related to the scarcity of resources and pollution. Implementation of the resource efficiency pr ...
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Managing Resource Revenues in Oil

... Azerbaijan also expects to boost natural gas production and export starting in 2010. The country has proven natural gas reserves of roughly 2 trillion cubic meters. It is estimated that oil and gas revenues will reach in the tens of billions of dollars. In the long term, Azerbaijan’s high dependence ...
Business Cycles: The Role of Energy Prices
Business Cycles: The Role of Energy Prices

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The Role of Economic Base Analysis in Regional Economic

... Thus far two terms have been used rather loosely--industry and sectors. There should be restrictions on the usage of these terms. Sectors refer to the kinds of markets that industries serve. Industries, therefore, refer to the aggregate of firms producing similar products. When speaking of sectors, ...
negative externalities as the engine of growth in an evolutionary
negative externalities as the engine of growth in an evolutionary

Vulnerability, Resilience and Reform: The GCC and the Oil Price
Vulnerability, Resilience and Reform: The GCC and the Oil Price

... neighbors) (table 1). Like other GCC countries, the state remains the primary employer for nationals in the UAE, and public spending maintains a pivotal role inside the economy as an engine of growth, including of private sector activity. The UAE thereby illustrates that the single most important fa ...
Oil Rents and Capital Flight
Oil Rents and Capital Flight

... Our hypothesis is that countries will have more capital flight if oil rents constitute a significant portion of their GDP. Thus, increases in oil rents percent GDP should lead to increases in capital flight. Suggested mechanisms for this increase are corruption, economic instability, and political ...
business cycles in commodity economies
business cycles in commodity economies

Oil Prices and the World Economy
Oil Prices and the World Economy

... Sweden and Austria, the oil intensity of the economy was already low and remained fairly constant over the past two decades, suggesting that there is a lower bound to how oil-efficient a developed economy can be. When measured at PPP exchange rates, the oil intensity of the new Member States is on a ...
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Resource curse

The resource curse, also known as the paradox of plenty, refers to the paradox that countries and regions with an abundance of natural resources, specifically point-source non-renewable resources like minerals and fuels, tend to have less economic growth and worse development outcomes than countries with fewer natural resources. This is hypothesized to happen for many different reasons, including a decline in the competitiveness of other economic sectors (caused by appreciation of the real exchange rate as resource revenues enter an economy, a phenomenon known as Dutch disease), volatility of revenues from the natural resource sector due to exposure to global commodity market swings, government mismanagement of resources, or weak, ineffectual, unstable or corrupt institutions (possibly due to the easily diverted actual or anticipated revenue stream from extractive activities). The resource curse may not be universal for all countries with an abundance of natural resources, but on average, economies with abundant natural resources have tended to grow more slowly than natural-resource-scarce economies.
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