Public Finance
... 1) Direct tax: where the burden (incidence) of tax is paid by the person being imposed by tax, i.e. the taxpayer & the burden of tax cannot be shifted to others. e.g: income tax, petroleum income tax, profit tax, stamp duty, road tax and real property gains tax. 2) Indirect tax: where burden of tax ...
... 1) Direct tax: where the burden (incidence) of tax is paid by the person being imposed by tax, i.e. the taxpayer & the burden of tax cannot be shifted to others. e.g: income tax, petroleum income tax, profit tax, stamp duty, road tax and real property gains tax. 2) Indirect tax: where burden of tax ...
Fiscal Policy CHAPTERCHECKLIST
... Investment and saving plans depend on the real aftertax interest rate. The real interest rate equals the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate. So the after-tax interest rate equals the real interest rate minus the income tax paid on interest income. But the nominal interest rate, not the r ...
... Investment and saving plans depend on the real aftertax interest rate. The real interest rate equals the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate. So the after-tax interest rate equals the real interest rate minus the income tax paid on interest income. But the nominal interest rate, not the r ...
Response to the ITEP critique of the BHI STAMP model
... ITEP: STAMP’s unrealistic depiction of the public sector causes it to conclude that public investments like education and infrastructure are of relatively little value to state economies in both the short- and long-term. Government is modeled as a simplistic “pass-through” device that distributes ta ...
... ITEP: STAMP’s unrealistic depiction of the public sector causes it to conclude that public investments like education and infrastructure are of relatively little value to state economies in both the short- and long-term. Government is modeled as a simplistic “pass-through” device that distributes ta ...
Chapter 31
... Investment and saving plans depend on the real aftertax interest rate. The real interest rate equals the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate. So the after-tax interest rate equals the real interest rate minus the income tax paid on interest income. But the nominal interest rate, not the r ...
... Investment and saving plans depend on the real aftertax interest rate. The real interest rate equals the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate. So the after-tax interest rate equals the real interest rate minus the income tax paid on interest income. But the nominal interest rate, not the r ...
Document
... a. Defense spending. b. Unemployment compensation benefits. c. Personal income taxes. d. Welfare payments. A. Defense spending does not automatically change levels as real GDP changes. ...
... a. Defense spending. b. Unemployment compensation benefits. c. Personal income taxes. d. Welfare payments. A. Defense spending does not automatically change levels as real GDP changes. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FINITE LIFETIMES, BORROWING CONSTRAINTS, AND SHORT—RUN FISCAL POLICY
... have emphasized the importance of the length of the time horizon over which agents optimize their decisions about consumption for judging the effects of fiscal policy on aggregate demand. Much of the discussion of these issues has focused on whether linkages among generations are sufficient to give ...
... have emphasized the importance of the length of the time horizon over which agents optimize their decisions about consumption for judging the effects of fiscal policy on aggregate demand. Much of the discussion of these issues has focused on whether linkages among generations are sufficient to give ...
4 - Hans-Böckler
... weakened by deliberate tax policies over the last decades. However, the trend of increasing inequality in the distribution of income and wealth in most developed countries, has led to calls for corrective tax increases for the rich and wealthy. Such calls are often confronted with the claim that the ...
... weakened by deliberate tax policies over the last decades. However, the trend of increasing inequality in the distribution of income and wealth in most developed countries, has led to calls for corrective tax increases for the rich and wealthy. Such calls are often confronted with the claim that the ...
ch21, lecture
... b. Unemployment compensation benefits. c. Personal income taxes. d. Welfare payments. A. Defense spending does not automatically change levels as real GDP changes. ...
... b. Unemployment compensation benefits. c. Personal income taxes. d. Welfare payments. A. Defense spending does not automatically change levels as real GDP changes. ...
The Effects on Equity of an Increase in the Value
... because taxing initial wealth does not allow for “legal evasion” by economic agents. Once understood this decomposition of the tax on consumption it is easy to understand that in a system which simultaneously taxes consumption and subsidizes labor income, in a way that incentives to work are not aff ...
... because taxing initial wealth does not allow for “legal evasion” by economic agents. Once understood this decomposition of the tax on consumption it is easy to understand that in a system which simultaneously taxes consumption and subsidizes labor income, in a way that incentives to work are not aff ...
Introduction: The Macroeconomics of Fiscal Policy
... a result of the cut, providing additional income-tax receipts and saving, and thereby preventing a drop in national saving. In either case, a tax cut that increases the return on capital can increase business saving and attract, for a time, an inflow of foreign saving sufficient to maintain total savi ...
... a result of the cut, providing additional income-tax receipts and saving, and thereby preventing a drop in national saving. In either case, a tax cut that increases the return on capital can increase business saving and attract, for a time, an inflow of foreign saving sufficient to maintain total savi ...
6. Public Finance
... changing composition of growth as a result of balancing in the economic activity and the adverse base effect caused by the year-on-year decline in tax revenues collected as per the Law No. 6111 on the restructuring of public claims contributed to deterioration of the budget performance via revenues ...
... changing composition of growth as a result of balancing in the economic activity and the adverse base effect caused by the year-on-year decline in tax revenues collected as per the Law No. 6111 on the restructuring of public claims contributed to deterioration of the budget performance via revenues ...
the role of fiscal policy in the system of government regulation of
... preferences are directed only to the limited range of enterprises reserves, the investment activities of which are not of great importance for economic growth. The taxpayers who want to benefit from the preferences have to submit to the appropriate government entity the documentary evidence of eligi ...
... preferences are directed only to the limited range of enterprises reserves, the investment activities of which are not of great importance for economic growth. The taxpayers who want to benefit from the preferences have to submit to the appropriate government entity the documentary evidence of eligi ...
pdf Policy Brief - The Hamilton Project
... low inflation, could and should be left exclusively to monetary policy. Fiscal policy, it had previously been concluded, was too slow, too clumsy, and too political to be relied on, and central banks were ready, willing, and able to do the job. This view has since been challenged. In a new Hamilton ...
... low inflation, could and should be left exclusively to monetary policy. Fiscal policy, it had previously been concluded, was too slow, too clumsy, and too political to be relied on, and central banks were ready, willing, and able to do the job. This view has since been challenged. In a new Hamilton ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MOBILITY AND TAX EVASION Working Paper No. 2460
... by domestic residents cannot always be verified and tracked by tax authorities; (b) some governments (like the US government currently) do not levy withholding taxes on income from domestic securities accruing to foreign residents; (c) in many countries it is possible to defer the payment of taxes o ...
... by domestic residents cannot always be verified and tracked by tax authorities; (b) some governments (like the US government currently) do not levy withholding taxes on income from domestic securities accruing to foreign residents; (c) in many countries it is possible to defer the payment of taxes o ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... of the form U • Pv and a comprehensive CV or EV of the form (Un U°)Puor (Un - U°)Pu- Additional discounting in this case would not be necessary. Either the CV or EV would be a valid measure of the number of additional dollars in one set of lifetime prices that would be required to attain a different ...
... of the form U • Pv and a comprehensive CV or EV of the form (Un U°)Puor (Un - U°)Pu- Additional discounting in this case would not be necessary. Either the CV or EV would be a valid measure of the number of additional dollars in one set of lifetime prices that would be required to attain a different ...
2004-17
... products were tax exempt. Firms that charged the tax or bought zero-rated supplies were able to claim a refund for the GST paid on its inputs. Exemption of supplies or purchases made by unregistered persons could not be obtained. New Zealand’s scheme was different to many existing schemes of VAT in ...
... products were tax exempt. Firms that charged the tax or bought zero-rated supplies were able to claim a refund for the GST paid on its inputs. Exemption of supplies or purchases made by unregistered persons could not be obtained. New Zealand’s scheme was different to many existing schemes of VAT in ...
Slow tax revenue growth, rising pension contributions, and Medicaid
... In the tables that follow, we examine how inflation-adjusted state and local government spending changed between 2009 and 2015. We begin with 2009 because that was the peak recession-related year – it takes time for elected officials to change policies in response to a shock such as the Great Recess ...
... In the tables that follow, we examine how inflation-adjusted state and local government spending changed between 2009 and 2015. We begin with 2009 because that was the peak recession-related year – it takes time for elected officials to change policies in response to a shock such as the Great Recess ...
tanzania budget
... As of March, 2016 the national debt stock amounted to USD 20.94 billion compared to USD 19.69 billion recorded in June, 2015 an increase of 6.34% Out of this amount, public debt was USD 17.93 billion and private external debt was USD 3.01 billion Debt stock still sustainable Government arrears to so ...
... As of March, 2016 the national debt stock amounted to USD 20.94 billion compared to USD 19.69 billion recorded in June, 2015 an increase of 6.34% Out of this amount, public debt was USD 17.93 billion and private external debt was USD 3.01 billion Debt stock still sustainable Government arrears to so ...
Trends in Irish Public Revenue and Expenditure
... grail that was the envy of politicians around the world’ (2011: 5). Lowered tax rates and raised spending were possible year after year due to unprecedented. Economic growth averaged at over six percent per year between 1987 and 2007 (ibid, 2011). However, this would have never been possible if it w ...
... grail that was the envy of politicians around the world’ (2011: 5). Lowered tax rates and raised spending were possible year after year due to unprecedented. Economic growth averaged at over six percent per year between 1987 and 2007 (ibid, 2011). However, this would have never been possible if it w ...
Greek Budget Realities: No Easy Option
... the case in which home and foreign goods are perfect substitutes (the neoclassical model in table 2). A key parameter in the model is the Frisch labor supply elasticity h, which we set at h = 0.5 in the baseline model (Chetty and others 2011). To proxy for international labor mobility, we assume a v ...
... the case in which home and foreign goods are perfect substitutes (the neoclassical model in table 2). A key parameter in the model is the Frisch labor supply elasticity h, which we set at h = 0.5 in the baseline model (Chetty and others 2011). To proxy for international labor mobility, we assume a v ...
E Transition Economies by Yolanda K, Kodrzycki No. 94-4 August 1994
... department will compare different tax bases against each other. Usually the Ministry of Finance must rely on historical data from the Central Statistical Office or other government agencies. The widespread practice of granting businesses tax exemptions and tax.holidays further complicates the task o ...
... department will compare different tax bases against each other. Usually the Ministry of Finance must rely on historical data from the Central Statistical Office or other government agencies. The widespread practice of granting businesses tax exemptions and tax.holidays further complicates the task o ...
Program Quality Assurance Review (PQAR) Improving the
... Wikipedia Definition of Incentives: 1. A thing that motivates or encourages one to do something: "incentive to conserve". 2. A payment or concession to stimulate greater output or investment: "tax incentives for investing". 3. Inducement or supplement reward that serves as a motivational devise for ...
... Wikipedia Definition of Incentives: 1. A thing that motivates or encourages one to do something: "incentive to conserve". 2. A payment or concession to stimulate greater output or investment: "tax incentives for investing". 3. Inducement or supplement reward that serves as a motivational devise for ...
Taxes
... How Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue Vary with the Size of a Tax (b) Revenue (the Laffer curve) Tax Revenue ...
... How Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue Vary with the Size of a Tax (b) Revenue (the Laffer curve) Tax Revenue ...
Chapter 11
... cents out of each dollar earned in the United States, and collect nearly as much in taxes. How does that affect the economy? ...
... cents out of each dollar earned in the United States, and collect nearly as much in taxes. How does that affect the economy? ...
How the Government Subsidizes Wealth Inequality
... tax rates and higher economic growth.27 To be fair, correlation is not the same as causation. It is possible that low capital gains tax rates have helped the economy, but the effect is so small that it has been eclipsed by other factors. Investment income has not always been taxed at preferential ra ...
... tax rates and higher economic growth.27 To be fair, correlation is not the same as causation. It is possible that low capital gains tax rates have helped the economy, but the effect is so small that it has been eclipsed by other factors. Investment income has not always been taxed at preferential ra ...
Supply-side economics
Supply-side economics is a school of macroeconomics which argues that economic growth can be most effectively created by investing in capital, and by lowering barriers on the production of goods and services. According to supply-side economics, consumers will then benefit from a greater supply of goods and services at lower prices; furthermore, the investment and expansion of businesses will increase the demand for employees and therefore create jobs. Typical policy recommendations of supply-side economists are lower marginal tax rates and less regulation.The term ""supply-side economics"" was thought, for some time, to have been coined by journalist Jude Wanniski in 1975, but according to Robert D. Atkinson's Supply-Side Follies, the term ""supply side"" (""supply-side fiscalists"") was first used by Herbert Stein, a former economic adviser to President Nixon, in 1976, and only later that year was this term repeated by Jude Wanniski. Its use connotes the ideas of economists Robert Mundell and Arthur Laffer. Supply-side economics is likened by critics to ""trickle-down economics,"" a rhetorical term which is not an economic theory.The Laffer curve illustrates a central theory of supply-side economics, that lowering tax rates may have a positive impact on work, output, and employment and generate more government revenue than would otherwise be expected at the lower tax rate due to the tax cut's economic effect. However, the Laffer curve only measures the rate of taxation, not tax incidence, which is a stronger predictor of whether a tax code change is stimulative or dampening. In addition, studies have shown that tax cuts seldom recoup revenue losses and have minimal impact on GDP growth.