Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... (plateau). The firing rate of the neurons during the effect was measured during the plateau phase. The onset of the plateau (latency, s) was defined as the time interval between the onset of the bicuculline application and the moment at which mean discharge value exceeded mean baseline activity by t ...
... (plateau). The firing rate of the neurons during the effect was measured during the plateau phase. The onset of the plateau (latency, s) was defined as the time interval between the onset of the bicuculline application and the moment at which mean discharge value exceeded mean baseline activity by t ...
Resting-state Functional mR imaging
... still evolving, new disease insights are emerging in a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The default mode network is affected in Alzheimer disease and various other diseases of cognitive impairment. Alterations in RSNs have been identified in many diseases, in the absence of evident s ...
... still evolving, new disease insights are emerging in a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The default mode network is affected in Alzheimer disease and various other diseases of cognitive impairment. Alterations in RSNs have been identified in many diseases, in the absence of evident s ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... The retrograde tracer cholera toxin β subunit (CTB; List Biological Laboratories) was injected into specific brain regions where the majority of PHAL/pro-TRHcontaining, double-labeled axons were found in the anterograde tract-tracing experiment (0.5% CTB, 6.0 µamps for 11-15 min, pulsed at 7 second ...
... The retrograde tracer cholera toxin β subunit (CTB; List Biological Laboratories) was injected into specific brain regions where the majority of PHAL/pro-TRHcontaining, double-labeled axons were found in the anterograde tract-tracing experiment (0.5% CTB, 6.0 µamps for 11-15 min, pulsed at 7 second ...
Axon Initiation and Growth Cone Turning on Bound Protein Gradients Cellular/Molecular Junyu Mai,
... suitable for in vitro neuronal culture and analysis. After decades of research on gradient surfaces (Genzer and Bhat, 2008), some sophisticated methods have been developed. These systems (Baier and Bonhoeffer, 1992; Dertinger et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2006) mostly required sophisticated device fab ...
... suitable for in vitro neuronal culture and analysis. After decades of research on gradient surfaces (Genzer and Bhat, 2008), some sophisticated methods have been developed. These systems (Baier and Bonhoeffer, 1992; Dertinger et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2006) mostly required sophisticated device fab ...
- The Human Brain
... putamen or pallidum ; tumours in thalamus, we do not recognize many symptoms resulting from them . Moreover, as will be discussed more extensively below (introduction C), the symptoms occurring in basal ganglia diseases familiar to the clinician are of 'positive' nature (tremor, involuntary movemen ...
... putamen or pallidum ; tumours in thalamus, we do not recognize many symptoms resulting from them . Moreover, as will be discussed more extensively below (introduction C), the symptoms occurring in basal ganglia diseases familiar to the clinician are of 'positive' nature (tremor, involuntary movemen ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity
... extent of the dendritic tree and saved for off-line tracing and analysis. Images were taken with the lowest practical laser intensity and the shortest practical illumination time to limit photodynamic damage, and slices were kept outside the incubator for ⬍1 hr per session. This imaging protocol was ...
... extent of the dendritic tree and saved for off-line tracing and analysis. Images were taken with the lowest practical laser intensity and the shortest practical illumination time to limit photodynamic damage, and slices were kept outside the incubator for ⬍1 hr per session. This imaging protocol was ...
Neurotransmitter Release
... act as wiring transmitters via ionotropic receptors, and also act as “volume transmitters” via G-protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, neuromodulators in turn feed back onto classical synaptic transmission. Quantitatively, synaptic transmission is the dominant form of communication between neurons. A ...
... act as wiring transmitters via ionotropic receptors, and also act as “volume transmitters” via G-protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, neuromodulators in turn feed back onto classical synaptic transmission. Quantitatively, synaptic transmission is the dominant form of communication between neurons. A ...
Seminar Chronic disorders of consciousness
... networks that would indicate awareness. Vegetative state has a poor prognosis for recovery of awareness when present for more than a year in traumatic cases and for 3 months in non-traumatic cases. Patients in minimally conscious state are poorly responsive to stimuli, but show intermittent awarenes ...
... networks that would indicate awareness. Vegetative state has a poor prognosis for recovery of awareness when present for more than a year in traumatic cases and for 3 months in non-traumatic cases. Patients in minimally conscious state are poorly responsive to stimuli, but show intermittent awarenes ...
The prefrontal cortex encompasses a large and heterogeneous set of
... Architectonic areas of the prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys, first mapped on the basis of cellular features, and the distribution of myelin (Brodmann, 1905; Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Walker, 1940; Von Bonin and Bailey, 1947; Sanides, 1970; Barbas and Pandya, 1989; Preuss and Goldman-Rakic, 1991; More ...
... Architectonic areas of the prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys, first mapped on the basis of cellular features, and the distribution of myelin (Brodmann, 1905; Vogt and Vogt, 1919; Walker, 1940; Von Bonin and Bailey, 1947; Sanides, 1970; Barbas and Pandya, 1989; Preuss and Goldman-Rakic, 1991; More ...
Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs): The three musketeers of
... All VGLUTs can be found in the retina, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as in non-neuronal cells. VGLUTs are localized in the dorsal root ganglia, where they are involved in nociception (Oliviera et al. 2003), in the trigeminal ganglion (Li et al. 2003) and in enteric neurons bei ...
... All VGLUTs can be found in the retina, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system (PNS) as well as in non-neuronal cells. VGLUTs are localized in the dorsal root ganglia, where they are involved in nociception (Oliviera et al. 2003), in the trigeminal ganglion (Li et al. 2003) and in enteric neurons bei ...
Pre-synaptic Terminal Dynamics in the Hippocampus
... synaptic structural changes, like enhanced dendritic arborization and/or increased spine density (Jones and Schallert, 1994; Kolb et al., 1996; Schallert et al., 1997). Interestingly, in songbirds, morphological studies on vocal centres within their brain have shown a correlation between neuronal nu ...
... synaptic structural changes, like enhanced dendritic arborization and/or increased spine density (Jones and Schallert, 1994; Kolb et al., 1996; Schallert et al., 1997). Interestingly, in songbirds, morphological studies on vocal centres within their brain have shown a correlation between neuronal nu ...
View/Open - eDiss - Georg-August
... units by sorting algorithms. Tungsten wires exhibited stable recordings with higher signal-to-noise ratio than copper wires. Due to the tight temporal coupling of auditory activity to the stimulus spike collisions were frequent and collision analysis retrieved 10–15% of additional spikes. Physiologi ...
... units by sorting algorithms. Tungsten wires exhibited stable recordings with higher signal-to-noise ratio than copper wires. Due to the tight temporal coupling of auditory activity to the stimulus spike collisions were frequent and collision analysis retrieved 10–15% of additional spikes. Physiologi ...
Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease
The biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common causes of adult dementia, is as yet not well understood. AD has been identified as a protein misfolding disease due to the accumulation of abnormally folded amyloid beta protein in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. Amyloid beta, also written Aβ, is a short peptide that is an abnormal proteolytic byproduct of the transmembrane protein amyloid precursor protein (APP), whose function is unclear but thought to be involved in neuronal development. The presenilins are components of proteolytic complex involved in APP processing and degradation.Amyloid beta monomers are soluble and contain short regions of beta sheet and polyproline II helix secondary structures in solution, though they are largely alpha helical in membranes; however, at sufficiently high concentration, they undergo a dramatic conformational change to form a beta sheet-rich tertiary structure that aggregates to form amyloid fibrils. These fibrils deposit outside neurons in dense formations known as senile plaques or neuritic plaques, in less dense aggregates as diffuse plaques, and sometimes in the walls of small blood vessels in the brain in a process called amyloid angiopathy or congophilic angiopathy.AD is also considered a tauopathy due to abnormal aggregation of the tau protein, a microtubule-associated protein expressed in neurons that normally acts to stabilize microtubules in the cell cytoskeleton. Like most microtubule-associated proteins, tau is normally regulated by phosphorylation; however, in AD patients, hyperphosphorylated tau accumulates as paired helical filaments that in turn aggregate into masses inside nerve cell bodies known as neurofibrillary tangles and as dystrophic neurites associated with amyloid plaques. Although little is known about the process of filament assembly, it has recently been shown that a depletion of a prolyl isomerase protein in the parvulin family accelerates the accumulation of abnormal tau.Neuroinflammation is also involved in the complex cascade leading to AD pathology and symptoms. Considerable pathological and clinical evidence documents immunological changes associated with AD, including increased pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Whether these changes may be a cause or consequence of AD remains to be fully understood, but inflammation within the brain, including increased reactivity of the resident microglia towards amyloid deposits, has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of AD.