Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... packing density are the main parameters by which various regions or nuclei have been delineated in the central nervous system. However, the variability in dendritic shapes is large enough that one can postulate that the morphology of neurons projecting to a single target from multiple nuclei may be ...
... packing density are the main parameters by which various regions or nuclei have been delineated in the central nervous system. However, the variability in dendritic shapes is large enough that one can postulate that the morphology of neurons projecting to a single target from multiple nuclei may be ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies of these deposits in CLN2, CLN3, and CLN4 have shown that the major protein component is subunit c of the mitochondrial ATPase (Hall et al., 1991; Kominami et al., 1992; Palmer et al., 1992). In ...
... that are characteristic for each form of NCL (Santavuori, 1988; Goebel, 1995, 1997). Biochemical studies of these deposits in CLN2, CLN3, and CLN4 have shown that the major protein component is subunit c of the mitochondrial ATPase (Hall et al., 1991; Kominami et al., 1992; Palmer et al., 1992). In ...
mechanisms and biological role of thalamocortical oscillations
... activities may be present in various states of vigilance and frequently coexist with slower rhythms. Pathological oscillations within thalamocortical system take place in a form of electrographic seizures. Thus, the same neuronal network in different conditions generates diverse forms of oscillation ...
... activities may be present in various states of vigilance and frequently coexist with slower rhythms. Pathological oscillations within thalamocortical system take place in a form of electrographic seizures. Thus, the same neuronal network in different conditions generates diverse forms of oscillation ...
Program
and
Abstracts
from
the
Fifth
Annual
Canadian
Neuroscience
Meeting
May
29
–
June
1
2011
Quebec
City
Convention
Center
... Abstract: "Glycine and GABA are depolarizing during early development but the purpose is unclear. Altering depolarizing glycine signaling from the beginning of development in zebrafish embryos by over‐expressing the potassium‐chloride co‐transporter type‐2 (KCC2) to reverse the chloride gradient ...
... Abstract: "Glycine and GABA are depolarizing during early development but the purpose is unclear. Altering depolarizing glycine signaling from the beginning of development in zebrafish embryos by over‐expressing the potassium‐chloride co‐transporter type‐2 (KCC2) to reverse the chloride gradient ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... dynamic stimulation and their response to static tilt, these neurons were classified as vertical semicircular canal related (n Å 79, 71.2%) or otolith related (n Å 25; 22.5%). Only seven neurons did not follow the usual response pattern and were classified as complex neurons. For the vertical canal- ...
... dynamic stimulation and their response to static tilt, these neurons were classified as vertical semicircular canal related (n Å 79, 71.2%) or otolith related (n Å 25; 22.5%). Only seven neurons did not follow the usual response pattern and were classified as complex neurons. For the vertical canal- ...
Cilia development, morphogenesis, and
... "'G?#(*8J iltrastructure of C. elegans cilia. 2a. Cilia in the amphid sensillum exhibit a variety of morphologies. The rod-like channel cilia are found in XS`, XSG, XSH, XSI, XSh, XSK, XDF, and XDL neurons. XDF and XDL possess two cilia each, while the other cells possess a single cilium. These cili ...
... "'G?#(*8J iltrastructure of C. elegans cilia. 2a. Cilia in the amphid sensillum exhibit a variety of morphologies. The rod-like channel cilia are found in XS`, XSG, XSH, XSI, XSh, XSK, XDF, and XDL neurons. XDF and XDL possess two cilia each, while the other cells possess a single cilium. These cili ...
Anosmia and parosmia
... brain disease can account for central olfactory loss. The subcortical high signal changes (arrow) seen in Alzheimer’s disease is one example of central pathology that is investigated with this axial MRI scan. ...
... brain disease can account for central olfactory loss. The subcortical high signal changes (arrow) seen in Alzheimer’s disease is one example of central pathology that is investigated with this axial MRI scan. ...
Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... hemifield is interconnected with many other cortical areas in both hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) ...
... hemifield is interconnected with many other cortical areas in both hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... dev et al. 2003). The importance of somesthetic information in regulating whisking behavior and other well-learned motor habits is underscored by the fact that the DLS receives dense, overlapping projections from the primary somatosensory (SI) barrel cortex and other somatosensory cortical areas (Al ...
... dev et al. 2003). The importance of somesthetic information in regulating whisking behavior and other well-learned motor habits is underscored by the fact that the DLS receives dense, overlapping projections from the primary somatosensory (SI) barrel cortex and other somatosensory cortical areas (Al ...
Characterization of MeCP2e1 Transgenic Mice
... known to be involved in gene transcription and expression, abnormal epigenetic regulation is thought to be the underlying cause of RTT pathogenesis (1). MeCP2 is a DNA-binding protein that preferentially binds methylated CpG dinucleotide regions of DNA (4, 5). In vitro studies have lent substantial ...
... known to be involved in gene transcription and expression, abnormal epigenetic regulation is thought to be the underlying cause of RTT pathogenesis (1). MeCP2 is a DNA-binding protein that preferentially binds methylated CpG dinucleotide regions of DNA (4, 5). In vitro studies have lent substantial ...
Can You Smell That? Anatomy and Physiology of Smell
... Alzheimer’s characterized by presence of neurofibrillary ...
... Alzheimer’s characterized by presence of neurofibrillary ...
the role of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of central nervous
... accumulation of high zinc amounts in neurons and in extracellular space (27, 32). On the other hand, it was demonstrated in ischemic state models that zinc chelation can decrease zinc accumulation and therefore degradation of nervous cells (27). However, there is also evidence that in ischemic condi ...
... accumulation of high zinc amounts in neurons and in extracellular space (27, 32). On the other hand, it was demonstrated in ischemic state models that zinc chelation can decrease zinc accumulation and therefore degradation of nervous cells (27). However, there is also evidence that in ischemic condi ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor dimers bind the extracellular domain of the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor, causing receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation. Subsequent binding of intracellular adaptor proteins leads to the activation of three major signaling cascades: ERK, phos ...
... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor dimers bind the extracellular domain of the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor, causing receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation. Subsequent binding of intracellular adaptor proteins leads to the activation of three major signaling cascades: ERK, phos ...
Neuronal polarity: establishing and maintaining the axon initial
... electric signal transfer, however since axons can be much longer than dendrites this transfer must be more faithful and stronger. Therefore axons have a system that boots the electric signal to sustain the same membrane potential as it travels along the axon. This boosted electric signal in the axon ...
... electric signal transfer, however since axons can be much longer than dendrites this transfer must be more faithful and stronger. Therefore axons have a system that boots the electric signal to sustain the same membrane potential as it travels along the axon. This boosted electric signal in the axon ...
The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates
... of the number of axons that innervate each cell (Hooks and Chen, 2006). As an initial analysis, we first classified the cells based on their overall response properties using the criteria defined by Hooks and Chen (2006). Cells with one or two large distinct inputs were classified as refined, those ...
... of the number of axons that innervate each cell (Hooks and Chen, 2006). As an initial analysis, we first classified the cells based on their overall response properties using the criteria defined by Hooks and Chen (2006). Cells with one or two large distinct inputs were classified as refined, those ...
Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease
The biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common causes of adult dementia, is as yet not well understood. AD has been identified as a protein misfolding disease due to the accumulation of abnormally folded amyloid beta protein in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. Amyloid beta, also written Aβ, is a short peptide that is an abnormal proteolytic byproduct of the transmembrane protein amyloid precursor protein (APP), whose function is unclear but thought to be involved in neuronal development. The presenilins are components of proteolytic complex involved in APP processing and degradation.Amyloid beta monomers are soluble and contain short regions of beta sheet and polyproline II helix secondary structures in solution, though they are largely alpha helical in membranes; however, at sufficiently high concentration, they undergo a dramatic conformational change to form a beta sheet-rich tertiary structure that aggregates to form amyloid fibrils. These fibrils deposit outside neurons in dense formations known as senile plaques or neuritic plaques, in less dense aggregates as diffuse plaques, and sometimes in the walls of small blood vessels in the brain in a process called amyloid angiopathy or congophilic angiopathy.AD is also considered a tauopathy due to abnormal aggregation of the tau protein, a microtubule-associated protein expressed in neurons that normally acts to stabilize microtubules in the cell cytoskeleton. Like most microtubule-associated proteins, tau is normally regulated by phosphorylation; however, in AD patients, hyperphosphorylated tau accumulates as paired helical filaments that in turn aggregate into masses inside nerve cell bodies known as neurofibrillary tangles and as dystrophic neurites associated with amyloid plaques. Although little is known about the process of filament assembly, it has recently been shown that a depletion of a prolyl isomerase protein in the parvulin family accelerates the accumulation of abnormal tau.Neuroinflammation is also involved in the complex cascade leading to AD pathology and symptoms. Considerable pathological and clinical evidence documents immunological changes associated with AD, including increased pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Whether these changes may be a cause or consequence of AD remains to be fully understood, but inflammation within the brain, including increased reactivity of the resident microglia towards amyloid deposits, has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of AD.