evidence of top-down control
... and plants. However, important predatory interactions may also operate within one trophic level, termed intraguild predation (IGP). Intraguild predation takes place when predators competing for the same resource are also killing and eating each other (Polis et al. 1989). IGP is usually asymmetrical, ...
... and plants. However, important predatory interactions may also operate within one trophic level, termed intraguild predation (IGP). Intraguild predation takes place when predators competing for the same resource are also killing and eating each other (Polis et al. 1989). IGP is usually asymmetrical, ...
Parasites as predators - University of South Florida
... and dashed arrows indicate interactions which might or might not be direct, depending on whether a parasite consumes host tissue. (b) Interaction diagrams of apparent competition and enemy-mediated facilitation between prey or host species (H) mediated by natural enemies (P). The first row indicates ...
... and dashed arrows indicate interactions which might or might not be direct, depending on whether a parasite consumes host tissue. (b) Interaction diagrams of apparent competition and enemy-mediated facilitation between prey or host species (H) mediated by natural enemies (P). The first row indicates ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... b. beta diversity is roughly the same in both marshy and sandy habitats. c. beta diversity is lower in marshy habitats. d. the Shannon index is higher in marshy habitats, but Sorenson’s index is lower. e. the Shannon index is lower in marshy habitats, but Sorenson’s index is higher. Answer: c Textb ...
... b. beta diversity is roughly the same in both marshy and sandy habitats. c. beta diversity is lower in marshy habitats. d. the Shannon index is higher in marshy habitats, but Sorenson’s index is lower. e. the Shannon index is lower in marshy habitats, but Sorenson’s index is higher. Answer: c Textb ...
51 papers with abstracts
... observed 2 habituated groups of different sizes. Against expectations for the kind of habitat, the individual density was low, yielding only 1.2 baboons/ km(2). The groups were small, comprising on average 15 individuals, and the proportion of 1 male groups (50 - 63%) was remarkably high. One-male g ...
... observed 2 habituated groups of different sizes. Against expectations for the kind of habitat, the individual density was low, yielding only 1.2 baboons/ km(2). The groups were small, comprising on average 15 individuals, and the proportion of 1 male groups (50 - 63%) was remarkably high. One-male g ...
Western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis)
... with an average litter size of 3. Although they can live for 18 months, most do not live past six months. Western harvest mice appear to be able to enter torpor to cope with cold temperatures. Some researchers speculate that they hibernate, although this may not occur within southern BC as this spe ...
... with an average litter size of 3. Although they can live for 18 months, most do not live past six months. Western harvest mice appear to be able to enter torpor to cope with cold temperatures. Some researchers speculate that they hibernate, although this may not occur within southern BC as this spe ...
Poster Presentations (, ~1 MB in size)
... anaerobic swimming performance, makes them an interesting model for studying effects of hypoxia on performance and sensory information acquisition. In this study, the mormyrid fish Gnathonemus victoriae was acclimated to either high- or low-dissolved oxygen (DO) levels for eight weeks, after which f ...
... anaerobic swimming performance, makes them an interesting model for studying effects of hypoxia on performance and sensory information acquisition. In this study, the mormyrid fish Gnathonemus victoriae was acclimated to either high- or low-dissolved oxygen (DO) levels for eight weeks, after which f ...
The ecological effects of providing resource subsidies to predators
... carcasses are unused and discarded each year (Oro et al., 2013). High livestock mortality rates mean that millions of carcasses are left to decompose in the open (Ripple et al., 2013). Additionally, agricultural cropland has replaced approximately 70, 50 and 45% of the world’s grasslands, savannas a ...
... carcasses are unused and discarded each year (Oro et al., 2013). High livestock mortality rates mean that millions of carcasses are left to decompose in the open (Ripple et al., 2013). Additionally, agricultural cropland has replaced approximately 70, 50 and 45% of the world’s grasslands, savannas a ...
Replacing Sources with Sinks: When Do Populations Go Down the
... which are important to many bird populations. The second dataset was collected by Vierling (2000) on Red-winged Blackbird populations inhabiting tallgrass prairies and hayfields in Boulder County, Colorado. These data are of interest because it is another example of a higher quality natural habitat ...
... which are important to many bird populations. The second dataset was collected by Vierling (2000) on Red-winged Blackbird populations inhabiting tallgrass prairies and hayfields in Boulder County, Colorado. These data are of interest because it is another example of a higher quality natural habitat ...
Zooplankton population dynamics: measuring in situ growth and
... ABSTRACT: An application to assess in situ population dynamics rates is introduced based on the measurements of size-structured zooplankton population. This method differs from those based on species and stages by taking advantage of allometrically-scaled rates, automated sampling devices and net to ...
... ABSTRACT: An application to assess in situ population dynamics rates is introduced based on the measurements of size-structured zooplankton population. This method differs from those based on species and stages by taking advantage of allometrically-scaled rates, automated sampling devices and net to ...
How the proposed reintroduction of Eurasian lynx to Britain
... (Figure 1). The Trust’s proposal document (Eagle, 2015) reported the expectation that one or two sites within these areas would be selected for a “highly controlled, time limited and regulated study.” For each site, it is proposed that this would involve the release of up to six lynx, which would be ...
... (Figure 1). The Trust’s proposal document (Eagle, 2015) reported the expectation that one or two sites within these areas would be selected for a “highly controlled, time limited and regulated study.” For each site, it is proposed that this would involve the release of up to six lynx, which would be ...
Chapter 7 - Ecology, Social Behavior, and Conservation in Zebras
... I. INTRODUCTION One of the central tenets of behavioral ecology is that features of the environment shape animal behavior (Krebs and Davies, 1997). The abundance and distribution of alternative food sources determines optimal patterns of diet choice just as the abundance and distribution of females ...
... I. INTRODUCTION One of the central tenets of behavioral ecology is that features of the environment shape animal behavior (Krebs and Davies, 1997). The abundance and distribution of alternative food sources determines optimal patterns of diet choice just as the abundance and distribution of females ...
Programme - Arid Zone Ecology Forum
... (including N, P and K) concentrations were strongly enriched below the canopies of nest trees. Wheat, used as a phytometer, grew more vigorously in soil from trees with nests. Soil δ15N was also higher than that of non-nests sites, being enriched by high δ15N of faecal matter. Despite this, there we ...
... (including N, P and K) concentrations were strongly enriched below the canopies of nest trees. Wheat, used as a phytometer, grew more vigorously in soil from trees with nests. Soil δ15N was also higher than that of non-nests sites, being enriched by high δ15N of faecal matter. Despite this, there we ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... tremendous merit, of course – explanations for these patterns are likely to inform the maintenance of diversity and conservation of rare species. However, here, I would like to reverse the question: what allows a very limited number of species to compose a majority of the community? What processes a ...
... tremendous merit, of course – explanations for these patterns are likely to inform the maintenance of diversity and conservation of rare species. However, here, I would like to reverse the question: what allows a very limited number of species to compose a majority of the community? What processes a ...
Conservation Action Planning
... Whistler, Regent Parrot and Malleefowl. Base data in the CAP documents 13 threats to the conservation targets. High priority threats were identified as Catastrophic Wildfire, Past Habitat Loss and Fragmentation, Drought, and Inappropriate Fire Management with each threat ranking very high, the threa ...
... Whistler, Regent Parrot and Malleefowl. Base data in the CAP documents 13 threats to the conservation targets. High priority threats were identified as Catastrophic Wildfire, Past Habitat Loss and Fragmentation, Drought, and Inappropriate Fire Management with each threat ranking very high, the threa ...
Downloaded - University of Kentucky College of Arts and Sciences
... 2.2. Ecosystem Engineers, Niche Construction, and Geomorphic Engineers Similarly to the development of biogeomorphology, the concept of ecosystem engineers also has roots back to Darwin’s earthworm work and links to other fundamental ecological concepts such as plant succession (Buchman et al. 2007, ...
... 2.2. Ecosystem Engineers, Niche Construction, and Geomorphic Engineers Similarly to the development of biogeomorphology, the concept of ecosystem engineers also has roots back to Darwin’s earthworm work and links to other fundamental ecological concepts such as plant succession (Buchman et al. 2007, ...
Population Ecology
... • Density is the number of individuals per unit area or volume – Density is the result of an interplay between processes that add individuals to a population and those that remove individuals – Immigration is the influx of new individuals from other areas – Emigration is the movement of individuals ...
... • Density is the number of individuals per unit area or volume – Density is the result of an interplay between processes that add individuals to a population and those that remove individuals – Immigration is the influx of new individuals from other areas – Emigration is the movement of individuals ...
Paenibacillus xanthinilyticus sp. nov., isolated from agricultural soil
... For negative staining, a 2 day-old culture grown on R2A (Difco) at 28 8C was allowed to attach onto the carbon grid for 1 min and was stained with 2 % phosphotungstic acid for 1 min. The grids were inspected on a JEOL JEM1010 transmission electron microscope at an operating voltage of 80 kV. Chromos ...
... For negative staining, a 2 day-old culture grown on R2A (Difco) at 28 8C was allowed to attach onto the carbon grid for 1 min and was stained with 2 % phosphotungstic acid for 1 min. The grids were inspected on a JEOL JEM1010 transmission electron microscope at an operating voltage of 80 kV. Chromos ...
Relationships between body size and abundance in ecology
... ecological processes results in energetic tradeoffs, such that resources are divided equally across species populations, regardless of their body size (but see Box 2). Another clue that energetic processes might underlie the power-law form of the GSDR comes from the differences in coefficients (i.e. ...
... ecological processes results in energetic tradeoffs, such that resources are divided equally across species populations, regardless of their body size (but see Box 2). Another clue that energetic processes might underlie the power-law form of the GSDR comes from the differences in coefficients (i.e. ...
The effect of seed size on seed fate in a subtropical
... Scatter-hoarding rodents acting both as seed predators and dispersers usually play an important role in seed dispersal of many plant species. Seed size is thought to essentially affect rodent scatter-hoarding processes. However, studies to date have frequently shown many controversial results regard ...
... Scatter-hoarding rodents acting both as seed predators and dispersers usually play an important role in seed dispersal of many plant species. Seed size is thought to essentially affect rodent scatter-hoarding processes. However, studies to date have frequently shown many controversial results regard ...
habitat connectivity for carnivores in mediterranean landscapes
... fragmentation, although mongoose movement may be limited to shorter distances when landscape connectivity is low. Roads, on the other hand, appear to be selectively permeable and may act as filters to movement. On average, 47 carnivores/100 km/year were road-killed, with red fox suffering the highes ...
... fragmentation, although mongoose movement may be limited to shorter distances when landscape connectivity is low. Roads, on the other hand, appear to be selectively permeable and may act as filters to movement. On average, 47 carnivores/100 km/year were road-killed, with red fox suffering the highes ...
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF VERTEBRATE HERBIVORES ON
... Abstract. Although competition has been a major focus in ecology for the past century, most empirical and theoretical studies in this area have emphasized interactions between closely related species. However, there is growing evidence that negative interactions among distantly related taxa also occ ...
... Abstract. Although competition has been a major focus in ecology for the past century, most empirical and theoretical studies in this area have emphasized interactions between closely related species. However, there is growing evidence that negative interactions among distantly related taxa also occ ...
Author`s personal copy
... This article introduces a Special Issue on biodiversity of Palaearctic grasslands and provides a synthesis of the current knowledge on this topic. Four major categories of grasslands can be distinguished in the Palaearctic biogeographic realm: (a) zonal steppes (in areas too dry for forests), (b) ar ...
... This article introduces a Special Issue on biodiversity of Palaearctic grasslands and provides a synthesis of the current knowledge on this topic. Four major categories of grasslands can be distinguished in the Palaearctic biogeographic realm: (a) zonal steppes (in areas too dry for forests), (b) ar ...
Thesis - Rufford Small Grants
... I model and extend two concepts central to foraging theory involving predation risk. I consider how animals should select their habitats under predation risk and once within a selected habitat how foraging animals should partition time between competing fitness enhancing activities. In the former, w ...
... I model and extend two concepts central to foraging theory involving predation risk. I consider how animals should select their habitats under predation risk and once within a selected habitat how foraging animals should partition time between competing fitness enhancing activities. In the former, w ...
predators, parasitoids, and pathogens as mortality agents in
... of increasing complexity by sequentially adding factors to determine their abilities to account for variability in mortality. However, limited data precluded any models containing more than two factors. Further, each immature stage had to be analyzed separately due to a lack of independence in the d ...
... of increasing complexity by sequentially adding factors to determine their abilities to account for variability in mortality. However, limited data precluded any models containing more than two factors. Further, each immature stage had to be analyzed separately due to a lack of independence in the d ...