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population
population

... Density: A Dynamic Perspective • In most cases, it is impractical or impossible to count all individuals in a population • Sampling techniques can be used to estimate densities and total population sizes • Population size can be estimated by either extrapolation from small samples, an index of popu ...
ESA 2010 handbook - Ecological Society of Australia
ESA 2010 handbook - Ecological Society of Australia

... Environmental Biology at Stanford University in the USA. He received his PhD from Duke University. He served as President of the Ecological Society of America, President of the American Institute of Biological Science, and Secretary General of the International Council for Science. He was Scientific ...
video slide - Bremen High School District 228
video slide - Bremen High School District 228

- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... that the two partners are engaged in a permanent Red Queen-like coevolutionary race. The coevolution of plant and pollinator traits has been a major topic of research since Darwin (1876), but constraints imposed by pollinator foraging behaviour on the ecology and evolution of plant mating systems ar ...
Chapter 53
Chapter 53

... Density: A Dynamic Perspective • In most cases, it is impractical or impossible to count all individuals in a population • Sampling techniques can be used to estimate densities and total population sizes ...
IMC 10 - SAREM
IMC 10 - SAREM

... approach based on random selection vectors to study the evolutionary consequences of modularity. Our results point to a largely shared pattern of inter-trait correlations, implying that the mammalian skull diversity has been produced based on a common covariance structure. Yet, magnitudes varied mar ...
spatial variation in molluscan assemblages from coralline turfs of
spatial variation in molluscan assemblages from coralline turfs of

... sieve. All molluscs retained on the 500 mm sieve were sorted and identified using a binocular microscope (12 magnification). Although there are other taxa associated with these mat-like habitats, molluscan assemblages were the main focus because they are numerically-dominant, encompass important func ...
Offspring size in a resident species affects community assembly
Offspring size in a resident species affects community assembly

... 17 9 10 4 mm2; mean large: 23 9 10 3 mm2; specific size classes used in each run are summarized in Appendix S1, Supporting information). We haphazardly allocated individuals within each size class to different density treatments and settlement plates, taking care to use a mix of individuals from d ...
introduced browsing mammals in new zealand natural forests
introduced browsing mammals in new zealand natural forests

... unique opportunity to determine the impacts of introduction of an entire functional group of alien animals to a habitat from which that group was previously absent. We sampled 30 long-term fenced exclosure plots in indigenous forests throughout New Zealand to evaluate community- and ecosystem-level ...
Management Plan `The Green and Golden Bell Frog Key Population
Management Plan `The Green and Golden Bell Frog Key Population

... within the Sydney Green and Golden Bell Frog (GGBF) Management Region as identified in the draft NSW GGBF Recovery Plan. This Management Plan has been prepared to primarily ensure that the Arncliffe key population is successfully managed and monitored such that the species continues to persist at th ...
History and Status of Introduced Rhesus Macaques
History and Status of Introduced Rhesus Macaques

... these cases were fatal, and other infected humans suffered permanent neurological damage. It is unknown why there has only been documentation of human infection from macaques in laboratories and not from wild macaques, despite prevalence of Herpes B infection in both captive and wild macaques. Futur ...
Absence of translationally selected synonymous codon usage
Absence of translationally selected synonymous codon usage

... Analyses. Numbers of each codon, as well as the relative ...
ECOHAB Preface The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms
ECOHAB Preface The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms

... shellfish or fish, death of marine mammals, seabirds, and other animals, and alteration of marine habitats or trophic structure through shading, overgrowth, or adverse effects on life history stages of fish and other marine organisms. Formerly only a few regions were affected by harmful algal blooms ...
waterbirds
waterbirds

... Nesting locations vary from offshore islands to trees to roof-tops. This degree of plasticity has led to near global distribution of gulls and significant population resilience in the face of both anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic environmental change. At the same time, the very success of larids ...
what do we mean by biodiversity?
what do we mean by biodiversity?

... the second, the concept of biodiversity is no longer addressed as a whole; authors select some of its components that are thought to be relevant to a specific problem, for example as the number of endemic mammals when choosing a site for a conservation area. Many dimensions have been attributed to b ...
Succession in plankton communities
Succession in plankton communities

... indiscriminately on all nutrients, the diffusion-driving vertical gradients in the different inorganic nutrients must be proportional to each other, which proportionality constants equal to the corresponding stoichiometric ratios (C:N:P) in the sinking organic matter. The mean stoichiometry (i.e., e ...
Analyzing spatial patterns linked to the ecology of herbivores and
Analyzing spatial patterns linked to the ecology of herbivores and

... 2006a; Berry et al., 2008), it is advisable to perform single reactions for precise estimation because competition between target DNAs or development of interacting primers (primerdimers) can impede or produce a false signal (Zijlstra and van Hoof, 2006; Berry et al., 2008). This approach is particu ...
Biodiversity Plan Tiritiri Matangi
Biodiversity Plan Tiritiri Matangi

... pōhutukawa as the ain species, and taraire, karo and kohekohe used to a lesser extent’. Other species were also listed, some of them intended to provide additional nectar, fruit and seeds for native fauna dependent on these food sources. A second goal of the 1982 Plan was the introduction of selecte ...
Pseudemys concinna (Le Conte 1830) – River Cooter
Pseudemys concinna (Le Conte 1830) – River Cooter

... Summary. – Pseudemys concinna (Family Emydidae) is a large, riverine turtle that occurs in relatively dense populations throughout the eastern and southern parts of the United States. Currently generally recognized subspecies include P. c. concinna and P. c. suwanniensis. Studies of diet, reproducti ...
2010snail
2010snail

... permitting all possible predator avoidance behaviors. We know of no reports of feeding SUHIHUHQFHH[SHULPHQWVRQO. alliarius. Despite the two predators’ reputations, relatively little attention has been paid to the ELRORJ\RIHLWKHU2XUREMHFWLYHZDVWRH[DPLQH the feeding ecology of E. rosea and ...
Parasites in Marine Food Webs - Western Washington University
Parasites in Marine Food Webs - Western Washington University

... mass and trophic level. Parasites have direct impacts on the energetics of their hosts and some affect host behaviors, with ecosystem-level consequences. Although they cause disease, parasites are sensitive components of ecosystems. In particular, they suffer secondary extinctions due to biodiversit ...
2010 Darwin Conference - Australasian Bat Society
2010 Darwin Conference - Australasian Bat Society

Disturbance and Diversity in Low-Productivity
Disturbance and Diversity in Low-Productivity

Introduction. - Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange
Introduction. - Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange

... 2006). These effects are due to the extended phenotypes of genes; that is, phenotypes which are expressed levels above the population (i.e., pollinator community composition, rates of nutrient cycling) (Dawkins 1982; Whitham et al. 2003, 2006). However, the effects of genes need not be direct, or li ...
The Predation of Wild Birds in the UK
The Predation of Wild Birds in the UK

... led to the declines of many farmland songbirds, and emerging evidence that numbers of some woodland songbirds have declined due to long-term changes in woodland structure. While it is tempting to think that declines of bird populations are due either to predation or to other environmental causes, su ...
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Molecular ecology

Molecular ecology is a field of evolutionary biology that is concerned with applying molecular population genetics, molecular phylogenetics, and more recently genomics to traditional ecological questions (e.g., species diagnosis, conservation and assessment of biodiversity, species-area relationships, and many questions in behavioral ecology). It is virtually synonymous with the field of ""Ecological Genetics"" as pioneered by Theodosius Dobzhansky, E. B. Ford, Godfrey M. Hewitt and others. These fields are united in their attempt to study genetic-based questions ""out in the field"" as opposed to the laboratory. Molecular ecology is related to the field of Conservation genetics.Methods frequently include using microsatellites to determine gene flow and hybridization between populations. The development of molecular ecology is also closely related to the use of DNA microarrays, which allows for the simultaneous analysis of the expression of thousands of different genes. Quantitative PCR may also be used to analyze gene expression as a result of changes in environmental conditions or different response by differently adapted individuals.
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