Observed Instances of Speciation
... longer closely related may have retained the ability for genetic recombination with each other through sex. This is not a derived characteristic. Because of this it is invalid for defining monophyletic taxa. A final problem with the BSC is that groups that do not occur together in time cannot be eva ...
... longer closely related may have retained the ability for genetic recombination with each other through sex. This is not a derived characteristic. Because of this it is invalid for defining monophyletic taxa. A final problem with the BSC is that groups that do not occur together in time cannot be eva ...
Organic versus conventional arable farming systems
... generate activity-density measures and not absolute abundance measures because number of individuals depends both on a species’ abundance and its propensity to move. Despite this drawback, this method is considered suitable for comparisons within the same habitat (Topping and Sunderland, 1992). Howe ...
... generate activity-density measures and not absolute abundance measures because number of individuals depends both on a species’ abundance and its propensity to move. Despite this drawback, this method is considered suitable for comparisons within the same habitat (Topping and Sunderland, 1992). Howe ...
Outline - Environmental
... individuals within each species (species evenness) 3. Niche structure- the number of ecological niches, their resemblance or difference from each other, and interaction of species with each other a. High species richness often is correlated with low species evenness (few numbers per species) b. Two ...
... individuals within each species (species evenness) 3. Niche structure- the number of ecological niches, their resemblance or difference from each other, and interaction of species with each other a. High species richness often is correlated with low species evenness (few numbers per species) b. Two ...
Playing Chutes and Ladders: Heterogeneity and
... interactions such as the influence of gall diameter on parasitism rates (Price et al. 1980) or the effect of defoliation on leafrolling by caterpillars (Hunter 1987). We argue in this paper that a true synthesis of the roles of "top-down" and "bottom-up" forces in terrestrial systems requires a mode ...
... interactions such as the influence of gall diameter on parasitism rates (Price et al. 1980) or the effect of defoliation on leafrolling by caterpillars (Hunter 1987). We argue in this paper that a true synthesis of the roles of "top-down" and "bottom-up" forces in terrestrial systems requires a mode ...
Operation Wallacea
... To compare cichlid species composition and abundance at a range of depths and habitat types around Nkhata Bay. Replicate 50m transects have been installed at 3m, 6m, 9m, 12m and 15m depths around the Bay in different habitat types. The survey teams will be completing Underwater Visual Census surveys ...
... To compare cichlid species composition and abundance at a range of depths and habitat types around Nkhata Bay. Replicate 50m transects have been installed at 3m, 6m, 9m, 12m and 15m depths around the Bay in different habitat types. The survey teams will be completing Underwater Visual Census surveys ...
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MOUNTAIN LION
... We analyzed fragment size data using GENOTYPER v3.7 (Applied Biosystems). We repeated microsatellite PCR amplification and analysis 3 times on all samples to check for allelic dropout and false alleles. We excluded samples that resulted with inconsistent genotypes within the 3 genotyping attempts. W ...
... We analyzed fragment size data using GENOTYPER v3.7 (Applied Biosystems). We repeated microsatellite PCR amplification and analysis 3 times on all samples to check for allelic dropout and false alleles. We excluded samples that resulted with inconsistent genotypes within the 3 genotyping attempts. W ...
Practical messages of the study
... Not only the values of the functions but also their spatial dependence was different among sites of high and low diversity. The reasons of the differences in values and spatial dependence of these indices are that in more diverse plots the populations occur in fine grained spatial pattern, their pat ...
... Not only the values of the functions but also their spatial dependence was different among sites of high and low diversity. The reasons of the differences in values and spatial dependence of these indices are that in more diverse plots the populations occur in fine grained spatial pattern, their pat ...
Limiting Factors Reading
... Humans as Predators In some situations, human activity limits populations. For example, humans are major predators of codfish in New England. Fishing fleets, by catching more and more fish every year, have raised cod death rates so high that birthrates cannot keep up. As a result, the cod population ha ...
... Humans as Predators In some situations, human activity limits populations. For example, humans are major predators of codfish in New England. Fishing fleets, by catching more and more fish every year, have raised cod death rates so high that birthrates cannot keep up. As a result, the cod population ha ...
5.54 MB - Human Evolution and Prehistory, Second Canadian Edition
... Two or more genes (as opposed to just two or more alleles) work together to produce one particular phenotype, e.g. skin colour, stature ...
... Two or more genes (as opposed to just two or more alleles) work together to produce one particular phenotype, e.g. skin colour, stature ...
the three phases of land-use change
... Abstract. Traditional economic models of land-use change have focused on factors such as distance to population centers, available labor supply, population density, and patterns of existing infrastructure, such as roads. While such models can reproduce urban sprawl, they do not address such fundamen ...
... Abstract. Traditional economic models of land-use change have focused on factors such as distance to population centers, available labor supply, population density, and patterns of existing infrastructure, such as roads. While such models can reproduce urban sprawl, they do not address such fundamen ...
Raphicerus campestris - Endangered Wildlife Trust
... the eastern Northern Cape and western Free State provinces (Stenkewitz et al. 2010). Similarly, recent field surveys in the North West Province confirmed an abundant population in the Kalahari vegetation types (Power 2014). However, lower densities are expected in areas without suitable vegetation c ...
... the eastern Northern Cape and western Free State provinces (Stenkewitz et al. 2010). Similarly, recent field surveys in the North West Province confirmed an abundant population in the Kalahari vegetation types (Power 2014). However, lower densities are expected in areas without suitable vegetation c ...
INTRODUCTION
... competition within populations of planthopper Prokelesisia marginata. • Probably result of limited resources. ...
... competition within populations of planthopper Prokelesisia marginata. • Probably result of limited resources. ...
Part 4: Ancient Food Webs
... 85 Species, 559 Links, 6.6 Links/Species, 0.08 Connectance (L/S2) Mean Trophic Level = 2.99, Maximum Trophic Level = 5.15 ...
... 85 Species, 559 Links, 6.6 Links/Species, 0.08 Connectance (L/S2) Mean Trophic Level = 2.99, Maximum Trophic Level = 5.15 ...
Eligible Content for Keystone
... genetically modified organisms, gene therapy). 27.Explain how natural selection can impact allele frequencies of a population. Describe the factors that can contribute to the development of new species (e.g., isolating mechanisms, genetic drift, founder effect, migration). 28.Explain how genetic mut ...
... genetically modified organisms, gene therapy). 27.Explain how natural selection can impact allele frequencies of a population. Describe the factors that can contribute to the development of new species (e.g., isolating mechanisms, genetic drift, founder effect, migration). 28.Explain how genetic mut ...
Population structure and dynamics = Structure et dynamique des
... There are two useful types of diversity index : (a) one type designates the presence or absence of given species (species richness), and (b) the other type refers to equitability or shape of the frequency distribution of species. Some usefitl information concerning diversity and statistical expressi ...
... There are two useful types of diversity index : (a) one type designates the presence or absence of given species (species richness), and (b) the other type refers to equitability or shape of the frequency distribution of species. Some usefitl information concerning diversity and statistical expressi ...
Parasitology Meets Ecology on Its Own Terms
... (traits and objects) that can be seen (widely interpreted), are descriptive, and often can be measured, e.g., prevalence, diet, range, diversity index, necrosis. Theoretical terms, on the other hand, apply to the more abstract and subjective concepts that a science, and its theories, are about, e.g. ...
... (traits and objects) that can be seen (widely interpreted), are descriptive, and often can be measured, e.g., prevalence, diet, range, diversity index, necrosis. Theoretical terms, on the other hand, apply to the more abstract and subjective concepts that a science, and its theories, are about, e.g. ...
Populations
... have the logistic growth curve? Exponential growth cannot continue indefinitely. Resources become limited, which slows birthrate and may increase death rate. Eventually, a population’s growth slows or stops and the population size becomes more or less stable. ...
... have the logistic growth curve? Exponential growth cannot continue indefinitely. Resources become limited, which slows birthrate and may increase death rate. Eventually, a population’s growth slows or stops and the population size becomes more or less stable. ...
Biology 7 Study Guide – Exam #4
... the optimal foraging model and how it was tested with crows the 3 types of mating systems – monogamy, polygamy, polyandry – and their relation to sexual dimorphism how the genetic basis of foraging behavior in Drosophila was demonstrated experimentally the concept of altruism and why altruistic beha ...
... the optimal foraging model and how it was tested with crows the 3 types of mating systems – monogamy, polygamy, polyandry – and their relation to sexual dimorphism how the genetic basis of foraging behavior in Drosophila was demonstrated experimentally the concept of altruism and why altruistic beha ...
applying species diversity theory to land management
... Consider the wide range in body sizes of organisms. Body size alone influences many attributes such as energy use, space requirements, and dispersal distances (Brown 1995, Enquist et al. 1998). As a consequence of these and other features, different species view environments through different ‘‘wind ...
... Consider the wide range in body sizes of organisms. Body size alone influences many attributes such as energy use, space requirements, and dispersal distances (Brown 1995, Enquist et al. 1998). As a consequence of these and other features, different species view environments through different ‘‘wind ...
Ecology Unit
... and reduced space. These can have the effect of lowering birth rates, increasing death rates, or can lead to emigration. This growth model shows logistic (S-curve) growth, and looks different than the one for exponential growth. In this case, the growth rate begins as proportional to the size of the ...
... and reduced space. These can have the effect of lowering birth rates, increasing death rates, or can lead to emigration. This growth model shows logistic (S-curve) growth, and looks different than the one for exponential growth. In this case, the growth rate begins as proportional to the size of the ...
Predicting population survival under future climate change: density
... standardized so that the median is equal to 0. Negative index values correspond to drought while wet conditions are positive. As the dry or wet conditions become more severe, the index becomes progressively more negative or positive; an index smaller than –2 indicates extreme drought conditions. We ...
... standardized so that the median is equal to 0. Negative index values correspond to drought while wet conditions are positive. As the dry or wet conditions become more severe, the index becomes progressively more negative or positive; an index smaller than –2 indicates extreme drought conditions. We ...