Divergence time estimates for the early history of animal phyla and
... However, most fossil-based divergence times are underestimates, and thus a calibration based on an average of such times would result in a consistent underestimate of divergence time (Kumar & Hedges 1998). For practical reasons, multiple calibration points usually are not possible because the only s ...
... However, most fossil-based divergence times are underestimates, and thus a calibration based on an average of such times would result in a consistent underestimate of divergence time (Kumar & Hedges 1998). For practical reasons, multiple calibration points usually are not possible because the only s ...
(Brassica tournefortii) Invasion in North American Deserts
... the tiny, stiff urticating hairs on stems and broad leaves. Conversely, many desert natives are browsed by both vertebrates and insects, including voracious caterpillars during periodic mass irruption cycles. As a consequence, type conversion of native flora to a monoculture of Sahara mustard result ...
... the tiny, stiff urticating hairs on stems and broad leaves. Conversely, many desert natives are browsed by both vertebrates and insects, including voracious caterpillars during periodic mass irruption cycles. As a consequence, type conversion of native flora to a monoculture of Sahara mustard result ...
Introductory Research Essay
... the Jarman-Bell Principle in that they have been shown to consume higher quality diets than expected based on their size (Makhabu 2005, Kleynhans et al. 2011). Smaller ungulates may be less tolerant of low quality food for other reasons such as they may be more susceptible to the detrimental effects ...
... the Jarman-Bell Principle in that they have been shown to consume higher quality diets than expected based on their size (Makhabu 2005, Kleynhans et al. 2011). Smaller ungulates may be less tolerant of low quality food for other reasons such as they may be more susceptible to the detrimental effects ...
The community context of species` borders: ecological and
... conditions by natural selection, it is not immediately obvious why some hard barriers to dispersal could not eventually be breached. A mountain range may form a barrier to dispersal for a lowland species. However, populations at elevations at the base of the mountain may adapt to survive there. Wha ...
... conditions by natural selection, it is not immediately obvious why some hard barriers to dispersal could not eventually be breached. A mountain range may form a barrier to dispersal for a lowland species. However, populations at elevations at the base of the mountain may adapt to survive there. Wha ...
The consequences of consumer diversity loss
... are crabs, limpets, urchins, and chitons (J. Byrnes, personal observation). Although these groups are comprised of multiple species, for our experiment, we used the most common single species from each of these taxonomic groups, the lined shore crab Pachygrapsus crassipes, the limpet Lottia limatula ...
... are crabs, limpets, urchins, and chitons (J. Byrnes, personal observation). Although these groups are comprised of multiple species, for our experiment, we used the most common single species from each of these taxonomic groups, the lined shore crab Pachygrapsus crassipes, the limpet Lottia limatula ...
Benchmarking novel approaches for modelling species range
... environments. The IBM is a cellular automaton in which each sub-cell is characterised by unique environmental conditions (temperature and soil moisture) and can support one sessile individual. In the following, we provide a simple overview over the main characteristics of the simulation model, while ...
... environments. The IBM is a cellular automaton in which each sub-cell is characterised by unique environmental conditions (temperature and soil moisture) and can support one sessile individual. In the following, we provide a simple overview over the main characteristics of the simulation model, while ...
Physiological stress and the maintenance of adaptive genetic
... All fish were tested on the same day as they were collected and were maintained in water from their source population at the collection temperature with air bubblers to keep oxygen levels at or near saturated levels, until time of testing. Methods for heat tolerance trials closely followed Culumber ...
... All fish were tested on the same day as they were collected and were maintained in water from their source population at the collection temperature with air bubblers to keep oxygen levels at or near saturated levels, until time of testing. Methods for heat tolerance trials closely followed Culumber ...
Community disassembly by an invasive species Nathan J. Sanders*
... of invasions, Gotelli and Arnett’s study was a snapshot study. One problem with such snapshot studies is that invaded and intact sites may differ in some way, such as in the level of disturbance, that can promote the success of the invader but hinder native populations. Another problem is that snaps ...
... of invasions, Gotelli and Arnett’s study was a snapshot study. One problem with such snapshot studies is that invaded and intact sites may differ in some way, such as in the level of disturbance, that can promote the success of the invader but hinder native populations. Another problem is that snaps ...
2009oecologia
... The idea that phylogeny might aVect invasion success is not new. Darwin (1859) predicted that exotics related to native species would be better invaders, since they would be expected to thrive in environments similar to those that these natives evidently found suitable. He was surprised to Wnd that ...
... The idea that phylogeny might aVect invasion success is not new. Darwin (1859) predicted that exotics related to native species would be better invaders, since they would be expected to thrive in environments similar to those that these natives evidently found suitable. He was surprised to Wnd that ...
i Community patterns of coral-associated decapods Nicholas Gotelli and Lawrence
... interspecific association. In this analysis, we compare species-area relationships for different locations (flat vs. flank following the terminology of Glynn, 1976) and seasons on the same reef. The effect of species' abundances on the species-area relationship is also assessed. This important facto ...
... interspecific association. In this analysis, we compare species-area relationships for different locations (flat vs. flank following the terminology of Glynn, 1976) and seasons on the same reef. The effect of species' abundances on the species-area relationship is also assessed. This important facto ...
Macroecology: more than the division of food and
... first papers (Brown and Maurer, 1987; 1989; Maurer and Brown, 1988) focused on the pattern identified by Hutchinson and MacArthur (1959), the unimodal distribution of the number of species of different sizes at the continental to global scale. Brown and Maurer (1989) suggested that the assembly of c ...
... first papers (Brown and Maurer, 1987; 1989; Maurer and Brown, 1988) focused on the pattern identified by Hutchinson and MacArthur (1959), the unimodal distribution of the number of species of different sizes at the continental to global scale. Brown and Maurer (1989) suggested that the assembly of c ...
Authors` pre-proof version - University of Connecticut
... Gogarten 2004). This logic can be extended to the time of LUCA and beyond, as the most recent cellular ancestor was almost certainly not the only existing cell at that time. It is much more likely that an entire community of primordial lineages interacted with each other and inhabited different nich ...
... Gogarten 2004). This logic can be extended to the time of LUCA and beyond, as the most recent cellular ancestor was almost certainly not the only existing cell at that time. It is much more likely that an entire community of primordial lineages interacted with each other and inhabited different nich ...
Abrupt community change on a rocky shore – biological
... changes in intertidal community structure. The mechanism(s) remain conjectural, but summer 1997 and early winter 1998 water temperatures appear to have been the highest ever recorded. Hedophyllum is a northern kelp (Lüning & Freshwater 1988), and thus seems a likely candidate for stress at exceptio ...
... changes in intertidal community structure. The mechanism(s) remain conjectural, but summer 1997 and early winter 1998 water temperatures appear to have been the highest ever recorded. Hedophyllum is a northern kelp (Lüning & Freshwater 1988), and thus seems a likely candidate for stress at exceptio ...
Vegetation change: a reunifying concept in plant ecology ARTICLE IN PRESS
... that specialization will develop. This encourages more focused and efficient research among investigators with similar interests. As long as specialists in different groups communicate effectively with one another, knowledge can be pursued in depth while still permitting integration. However, special ...
... that specialization will develop. This encourages more focused and efficient research among investigators with similar interests. As long as specialists in different groups communicate effectively with one another, knowledge can be pursued in depth while still permitting integration. However, special ...
journal 9.indb
... of Łeba river to Baltic Sea. The population of European chestnut, observed by the authors since 2000, amount to ca 100 individuals at the age of 1 years and more (Table 1.). All seedlings and young specimens had a good fitness. The highest individual of them was more then 2 m high in 2005 (Fig. 2). ...
... of Łeba river to Baltic Sea. The population of European chestnut, observed by the authors since 2000, amount to ca 100 individuals at the age of 1 years and more (Table 1.). All seedlings and young specimens had a good fitness. The highest individual of them was more then 2 m high in 2005 (Fig. 2). ...
Quantifying the Contribution of Organisms to the Provision of
... beneficiaries. It is vital to quantify the supply of ecosystem services relative to demand in a comprehensive assessment of service-provider contributions, but this subject is not covered in previous frameworks. We also show that understanding and managing species interactions, and ensuring that ser ...
... beneficiaries. It is vital to quantify the supply of ecosystem services relative to demand in a comprehensive assessment of service-provider contributions, but this subject is not covered in previous frameworks. We also show that understanding and managing species interactions, and ensuring that ser ...
Beak of the Fish: What Cichlid Flocks Reveal About Speciation
... Labeotropheus fuelleborni Metriaclima ...
... Labeotropheus fuelleborni Metriaclima ...
Vegetation change: a reunifying concept in plant ecology
... that specialization will develop. This encourages more focused and efficient research among investigators with similar interests. As long as specialists in different groups communicate effectively with one another, knowledge can be pursued in depth while still permitting integration. However, special ...
... that specialization will develop. This encourages more focused and efficient research among investigators with similar interests. As long as specialists in different groups communicate effectively with one another, knowledge can be pursued in depth while still permitting integration. However, special ...
- Biological Sciences
... the platypus contains repeated sequence motifs. The sequence TTTGAAAAA is repeated seven times and has two to three additional T residues added to the 58 end of the first three repeats. The second motif comprises the core sequence GAG(G/A)A(T/A)AAAACTATTTT which is repeated 20 times. In another indi ...
... the platypus contains repeated sequence motifs. The sequence TTTGAAAAA is repeated seven times and has two to three additional T residues added to the 58 end of the first three repeats. The second motif comprises the core sequence GAG(G/A)A(T/A)AAAACTATTTT which is repeated 20 times. In another indi ...
Different but equal: the implausible assumption at the heart of
... sequencing non-functional parts of the genome. In this case, the only process determining the dynamics of species would necessarily be ecological drift, since no ecological process could distinguish between these species. However, to our knowledge, all known communities are composed of species which ...
... sequencing non-functional parts of the genome. In this case, the only process determining the dynamics of species would necessarily be ecological drift, since no ecological process could distinguish between these species. However, to our knowledge, all known communities are composed of species which ...
Sample Chapter 03
... Biological species concept Perhaps the best-known species concept is the biological species concept of Ernst Mayr (1942), who defined species as “groups of populations that can actually or potentially exchange genes with one another and that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.” The b ...
... Biological species concept Perhaps the best-known species concept is the biological species concept of Ernst Mayr (1942), who defined species as “groups of populations that can actually or potentially exchange genes with one another and that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.” The b ...
Mitochondrial DNA Evolution at a Turtle`s Pace: Evidence for Low
... sites, genes, and genomes within a phylogenetic lineage are interpreted to reflect differential levels of functional constraint across DNA sequences, possibly in conjunction with variation in the underlying rate of mutation (B&ten 1986). A more controversial form of rate heterogeneity ( see Wilson e ...
... sites, genes, and genomes within a phylogenetic lineage are interpreted to reflect differential levels of functional constraint across DNA sequences, possibly in conjunction with variation in the underlying rate of mutation (B&ten 1986). A more controversial form of rate heterogeneity ( see Wilson e ...