How do ecologists select and use indicator species
... Indicator species (IS) are used to monitor environmental changes, assess the efficacy of management, and provide warning signals for impending ecological shifts. Though widely adopted in recent years by ecologists, conservation biologists, and environmental practitioners, the use of IS has been criti ...
... Indicator species (IS) are used to monitor environmental changes, assess the efficacy of management, and provide warning signals for impending ecological shifts. Though widely adopted in recent years by ecologists, conservation biologists, and environmental practitioners, the use of IS has been criti ...
Predation model predictions
... Have so far assumed the predator numerical response βV (per capita growth rate of predators as function of prey abundance) is a linear function of prey abundance ...
... Have so far assumed the predator numerical response βV (per capita growth rate of predators as function of prey abundance) is a linear function of prey abundance ...
Weighting and indirect effects identify keystone species in food webs
... studies show that secondary extinctions can occur even when a species is more than one trophic link away from the primary extinction. Recent studies that used a static structural approach showed that direct and indirect indices provide quite different rankings of node importance in networks (Scotti ...
... studies show that secondary extinctions can occur even when a species is more than one trophic link away from the primary extinction. Recent studies that used a static structural approach showed that direct and indirect indices provide quite different rankings of node importance in networks (Scotti ...
A Hierarchical Ecological Approach to Conserving Marine
... observe and predict than biotic attributes such as disease. Ecosystem processes such as productivity, however, involve both biotic and abiotic components and therefore have different implications for conservation than strictly abiotic attributes. Water motion for example, is an ecosystem process dri ...
... observe and predict than biotic attributes such as disease. Ecosystem processes such as productivity, however, involve both biotic and abiotic components and therefore have different implications for conservation than strictly abiotic attributes. Water motion for example, is an ecosystem process dri ...
Final Report - The Darwin Initiative
... The Project has shown that the most significant problem facing the small existing populations of mangrove finch is the low reproductive success caused by invasive species. Black rats are the most important threat followed by the parasitic fly Philornis downsi; although information on impact of other ...
... The Project has shown that the most significant problem facing the small existing populations of mangrove finch is the low reproductive success caused by invasive species. Black rats are the most important threat followed by the parasitic fly Philornis downsi; although information on impact of other ...
Functional and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants drive
... among all individuals in a community. It can easily be applied to both functional and phylogenetic data, calculated for single as well as multiple traits, and weighted by abundance data (Schleuter et al., 2010; Pavoine & Bonsall, 2011). It thus enables a comparison between different facets of divers ...
... among all individuals in a community. It can easily be applied to both functional and phylogenetic data, calculated for single as well as multiple traits, and weighted by abundance data (Schleuter et al., 2010; Pavoine & Bonsall, 2011). It thus enables a comparison between different facets of divers ...
第八週
... – Biological control viewed by some (cont.). • Is this the best strategy? – Intensive competition for the prey leads to lower effectiveness of the biological agents – Greater population establishment rate with fewer enemy species (Figure 1 for Box 1) ...
... – Biological control viewed by some (cont.). • Is this the best strategy? – Intensive competition for the prey leads to lower effectiveness of the biological agents – Greater population establishment rate with fewer enemy species (Figure 1 for Box 1) ...
Competitive avoidance not edaphic specialization drives vertical
... et al. (2011) found evidence that EM fungal community composition was strongly influenced by horizontal gradients in rooting density, with long- and short-distance exploration type species (sensu Agerer, 2001) being more common in areas of lower and higher root densities, respectively. Although it h ...
... et al. (2011) found evidence that EM fungal community composition was strongly influenced by horizontal gradients in rooting density, with long- and short-distance exploration type species (sensu Agerer, 2001) being more common in areas of lower and higher root densities, respectively. Although it h ...
“The History And Future Of Island Conservation In A Snail Shell”
... rectify this there are now a number of methods being used to estimate the historic abundance or range size (Lotze and Worm, 2009). These studies have been focussed on marine systems, building a picture that allows the analysis of current state and extinction risk (Lotze and Worm, 2009) as well as fu ...
... rectify this there are now a number of methods being used to estimate the historic abundance or range size (Lotze and Worm, 2009). These studies have been focussed on marine systems, building a picture that allows the analysis of current state and extinction risk (Lotze and Worm, 2009) as well as fu ...
Can We Guarantee the Safety of Genetically Engineered Organisms
... products’ testing methods, most problems that novel organisms might raise for domesticated animals and crops would seem to fall into familiar categories. For those, testing protocols are well developed and the methodology for ensuring safety is in place. More problematic are affronts to natural comm ...
... products’ testing methods, most problems that novel organisms might raise for domesticated animals and crops would seem to fall into familiar categories. For those, testing protocols are well developed and the methodology for ensuring safety is in place. More problematic are affronts to natural comm ...
ppt
... “If species adapted rapidly and without constraint, and if any lineage could occur in any community, then we would expect differences in community structure to be indicative of environmental differences. Because lineages differ in their evolutionary potential and are geographically restricted, howev ...
... “If species adapted rapidly and without constraint, and if any lineage could occur in any community, then we would expect differences in community structure to be indicative of environmental differences. Because lineages differ in their evolutionary potential and are geographically restricted, howev ...
The Northern Tall Grass Prairie
... “keeping common birds common”. PIF's goal is to direct resources toward the conservation of birds and their habitats through cooperative efforts in North America and the Neotropics. While PIF’s focus generally is limited to the conservation of landbirds, it is intended to complement similar efforts ...
... “keeping common birds common”. PIF's goal is to direct resources toward the conservation of birds and their habitats through cooperative efforts in North America and the Neotropics. While PIF’s focus generally is limited to the conservation of landbirds, it is intended to complement similar efforts ...
Has the Luangwa (Zambia) hippopotamus (Hippopotamus
... often regulated by food supply, the concept of carrying capacity was still valid and was used in order to determine the amount of biomass required to sustain a given population size above which the population would experience food shortage and decline in response to limited food supply and vice vers ...
... often regulated by food supply, the concept of carrying capacity was still valid and was used in order to determine the amount of biomass required to sustain a given population size above which the population would experience food shortage and decline in response to limited food supply and vice vers ...
disturbance moderates biodiversity–ecosystem
... Schwarz’ Bayesian criteria were used to select covariance structures that accounted for any heterogeneity of variances across levels of species richness (Littell et al. 1996). A significant species richness 3 disturbance interaction was taken as support for the hypothesis that disturbance altered th ...
... Schwarz’ Bayesian criteria were used to select covariance structures that accounted for any heterogeneity of variances across levels of species richness (Littell et al. 1996). A significant species richness 3 disturbance interaction was taken as support for the hypothesis that disturbance altered th ...
Sequencing breakthroughs for genomic ecology and
... and to identify unculturable microorganisms from their DNA sequence (reviewed by Handelsman 2004) have all allowed great advances in their respective fields and in many cases had much broader impacts on society. However, all these techniques are based on the analysis of a tiny fragment of an organis ...
... and to identify unculturable microorganisms from their DNA sequence (reviewed by Handelsman 2004) have all allowed great advances in their respective fields and in many cases had much broader impacts on society. However, all these techniques are based on the analysis of a tiny fragment of an organis ...
Pyruvate-Phosphate Dikinase of Oxymonads and
... in light conditions. Although this residue is not directly involved in catalysis, and site-directed mutagenesis has shown that some substitutions of Thr453 have little or no negative effect on activity, it is an important potential control point (5, 7). The T. vaginalis and the “parabasalian symbion ...
... in light conditions. Although this residue is not directly involved in catalysis, and site-directed mutagenesis has shown that some substitutions of Thr453 have little or no negative effect on activity, it is an important potential control point (5, 7). The T. vaginalis and the “parabasalian symbion ...
Discovery of the invasive Mayan Cichlid fish “Cichlasoma
... In Thailand, fish specimens were collected by a local fisherman who used different types of gear, including traps, nets, and hook-and-line. We visited the Chao Phraya River delta on 12 November 2006 and observed the fisherman sample shoreline habitat with a long-handled dip net to catch “C.” urophth ...
... In Thailand, fish specimens were collected by a local fisherman who used different types of gear, including traps, nets, and hook-and-line. We visited the Chao Phraya River delta on 12 November 2006 and observed the fisherman sample shoreline habitat with a long-handled dip net to catch “C.” urophth ...
Moment Approximations of Individual-based Models
... Formal treatments of moment methods are given in Chapters 20 and 21. The equations used here are derived in Chapter 21 and differ in certain respects from those in Chapter 20. The motivation, however, is the same: to gain insight into the complex behavior of individual-based stochastic processes of ...
... Formal treatments of moment methods are given in Chapters 20 and 21. The equations used here are derived in Chapter 21 and differ in certain respects from those in Chapter 20. The motivation, however, is the same: to gain insight into the complex behavior of individual-based stochastic processes of ...
Thermodynamic stability of ecosystems ARTICLE IN PRESS K. Michaelian
... ecology within a quantitative non-equilibrium thermodynamic paradigm, however, was first recognized by Schrödinger (1944) who pointed out that living systems were under the dictates of thermodynamic law and that biological structure and processes were maintained by a continual in-flow of negative ent ...
... ecology within a quantitative non-equilibrium thermodynamic paradigm, however, was first recognized by Schrödinger (1944) who pointed out that living systems were under the dictates of thermodynamic law and that biological structure and processes were maintained by a continual in-flow of negative ent ...
Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP - Vitis-vea
... group belong to one molecular group. This clear-cut correlation suggests that the SSCP technique can be used for rapid identification of divergent molecular variants of the virus. Thus, if sequence data indicate that an isolate comprises two divergent variants of the virus and we observe only one SS ...
... group belong to one molecular group. This clear-cut correlation suggests that the SSCP technique can be used for rapid identification of divergent molecular variants of the virus. Thus, if sequence data indicate that an isolate comprises two divergent variants of the virus and we observe only one SS ...
BLAST
... represented by the Score (S). The score of an alignment is calculated as the sum of substitution and gap scores. Substitution scores are given by a look-up table (PAM, BLOSUM) whereas gap scores are assigned empirically . ...
... represented by the Score (S). The score of an alignment is calculated as the sum of substitution and gap scores. Substitution scores are given by a look-up table (PAM, BLOSUM) whereas gap scores are assigned empirically . ...
The relationships between net primary productivity, human
... richness and NPP do not identify the extent of spatial conflict between these variables (Diniz-Filho et al., 2006; O’Dea et al., 2006). There are still likely to be areas of relatively low human population density that are species rich and productive, or selection of complementary sites across a reg ...
... richness and NPP do not identify the extent of spatial conflict between these variables (Diniz-Filho et al., 2006; O’Dea et al., 2006). There are still likely to be areas of relatively low human population density that are species rich and productive, or selection of complementary sites across a reg ...