- Wiley Online Library
... [15]. In the present study, therefore, we consider the combined effects of GCC and toxicants at the population and community levels (Fig. 1). The ultimate aim is to provide support for improved ERA [16] and ecosystems restoration [17] under GCC. The combination of toxicant stress with other environm ...
... [15]. In the present study, therefore, we consider the combined effects of GCC and toxicants at the population and community levels (Fig. 1). The ultimate aim is to provide support for improved ERA [16] and ecosystems restoration [17] under GCC. The combination of toxicant stress with other environm ...
syllabus
... How does selection shape elaborate traits associated with plants and pollinators? Why do the phenotypes of sexes across many species differ so dramatically? How much of the diversity we observe on earth is the result of coevolutionary interactions? Why do some predators specialize on prey while othe ...
... How does selection shape elaborate traits associated with plants and pollinators? Why do the phenotypes of sexes across many species differ so dramatically? How much of the diversity we observe on earth is the result of coevolutionary interactions? Why do some predators specialize on prey while othe ...
Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, gyrB and catA genes and DNA
... approximately 1200 bp PCR product besides the approximately 1500 bp specific product, making direct sequencing impossible. Sequence analyses gave interesting results. The reported 0.2 % difference between 16S rRNA gene sequences of type strains of R. qingshengii and R. jialingiae was not found, beca ...
... approximately 1200 bp PCR product besides the approximately 1500 bp specific product, making direct sequencing impossible. Sequence analyses gave interesting results. The reported 0.2 % difference between 16S rRNA gene sequences of type strains of R. qingshengii and R. jialingiae was not found, beca ...
The inability of northern whelks to drill the range extending barnacle
... In both lab and field studies, N. ostrina and N. canaliculata demonstrated a clear preference for barnacle species other than Tetraclita (Figures 15). N. ostrina from Kibesillah Hill and Soberanes Point were unable or unwilling to drill any Tetraclita during initial observations of the lab and field ...
... In both lab and field studies, N. ostrina and N. canaliculata demonstrated a clear preference for barnacle species other than Tetraclita (Figures 15). N. ostrina from Kibesillah Hill and Soberanes Point were unable or unwilling to drill any Tetraclita during initial observations of the lab and field ...
Building the bridge between animal movement and population
... population dynamics. In this sense, animal movement is the long-sought bridge between behaviour, landscape ecology and population dynamics (Lima & Zollner 1996; Wiens 1997). Traditional models of population and community dynamics assume well-mixed populations comprising many individuals in which dem ...
... population dynamics. In this sense, animal movement is the long-sought bridge between behaviour, landscape ecology and population dynamics (Lima & Zollner 1996; Wiens 1997). Traditional models of population and community dynamics assume well-mixed populations comprising many individuals in which dem ...
FD is a package
... Functional group richness (FGR) is based on the classification of the species by the user from visual inspection of a dengrogram. Method "kmeans" is also available by calling cascadeKM. In that case, the Calinski-Harabasz (1974) criterion or the simple structure index (SSI) can be used to estimate t ...
... Functional group richness (FGR) is based on the classification of the species by the user from visual inspection of a dengrogram. Method "kmeans" is also available by calling cascadeKM. In that case, the Calinski-Harabasz (1974) criterion or the simple structure index (SSI) can be used to estimate t ...
Discovery of the invasive Mayan Cichlid fish “Cichlasoma
... other species caught during our visit were preserved immediately in the field, some placed in 10% formalin and others in 70% ethanol. After several weeks, formalin-preserved specimens were transferred to 70% ethanol. The standard length (SL) of each preserved specimen was measured to the nearest mm ...
... other species caught during our visit were preserved immediately in the field, some placed in 10% formalin and others in 70% ethanol. After several weeks, formalin-preserved specimens were transferred to 70% ethanol. The standard length (SL) of each preserved specimen was measured to the nearest mm ...
Community Dynamics of Insular Biotas in Space and Time
... shows the relative influence of variation in area, isolation and altitude on species richness of three vertebrate taxa with contrasting dispersal ability, and, within these taxa, groups displaying different degrees of dependence to the forest habitat in the East African coastal forest. The IBT sugg ...
... shows the relative influence of variation in area, isolation and altitude on species richness of three vertebrate taxa with contrasting dispersal ability, and, within these taxa, groups displaying different degrees of dependence to the forest habitat in the East African coastal forest. The IBT sugg ...
Species Invasions and the Relationships between Species Diversity
... consequences of species losses for the functioning of ecosystems. This concern has renewed interest within ecology in the relationship between the number or diversity of species in a community and the extent to which that community maintains its functioning. Indeed, experimental tests of relationshi ...
... consequences of species losses for the functioning of ecosystems. This concern has renewed interest within ecology in the relationship between the number or diversity of species in a community and the extent to which that community maintains its functioning. Indeed, experimental tests of relationshi ...
INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO
... more as a general conceptual framework, based on a series of assumptions, from which system-specific questions can and should be asked. Specifically, for the intermediate disturbance hypothesis to work, the following assumptions must be met: (1) species diversity is reduced by competition, (2) a tra ...
... more as a general conceptual framework, based on a series of assumptions, from which system-specific questions can and should be asked. Specifically, for the intermediate disturbance hypothesis to work, the following assumptions must be met: (1) species diversity is reduced by competition, (2) a tra ...
Rapid enzyme assays investigating the variation in the glycolytic
... to mind is how much natural variation exists in the expression of any one enzyme and how many enzymes exhibit significant variation in expression (i.e., how prevalent this variation is). To investigate these two questions we choose a system where temperature varies across a species' distribution in ...
... to mind is how much natural variation exists in the expression of any one enzyme and how many enzymes exhibit significant variation in expression (i.e., how prevalent this variation is). To investigate these two questions we choose a system where temperature varies across a species' distribution in ...
Sample Essay ( version)
... different, unique traits (Origin, pg 21-22), yet, following the main idea of the chapter, he asserts that all these different varieties of pigeons have probably come from one variety of pigeon alone (Origin, pg 23), and the different varieties are merely the result of the inheritance and amplificati ...
... different, unique traits (Origin, pg 21-22), yet, following the main idea of the chapter, he asserts that all these different varieties of pigeons have probably come from one variety of pigeon alone (Origin, pg 23), and the different varieties are merely the result of the inheritance and amplificati ...
Ecotones and Ecological Gradients
... Due to the fact that ecotones can be rarely delimited by a fine line, their measurement and mapping is not simple. A wide range of research approaches and tools have been used to detect and quantify ecotones. These include, among others, simulation modeling, geographic information systems (GIS), rem ...
... Due to the fact that ecotones can be rarely delimited by a fine line, their measurement and mapping is not simple. A wide range of research approaches and tools have been used to detect and quantify ecotones. These include, among others, simulation modeling, geographic information systems (GIS), rem ...
Conditional outcomes in mutualistic interactions
... physiologically intimate relationships independent of their mutualistic. antagonistic and biotic setting in which the interaction takes place. or neutral outcome: many authors still intend this original definition when they use The ability of mutualists to produce high-quality rewards the term29. Co ...
... physiologically intimate relationships independent of their mutualistic. antagonistic and biotic setting in which the interaction takes place. or neutral outcome: many authors still intend this original definition when they use The ability of mutualists to produce high-quality rewards the term29. Co ...
Testing adaptive hypotheses Testing adaptive
... We’ve compared alternative hypotheses of adaptation – but we haven’t tested the biological null hypothesis: that no adaptation has occurred. The primary null hypothesis is that traits have evolved due to drift (according to the neutral model). ...
... We’ve compared alternative hypotheses of adaptation – but we haven’t tested the biological null hypothesis: that no adaptation has occurred. The primary null hypothesis is that traits have evolved due to drift (according to the neutral model). ...
Trait matching of flower visitors and crops predicts
... other in the pollination of flowers with easily accessible rewards vs. those with rewards hidden at the bottom of a tubular corolla, respectively (i.e. trait matching) (Fontaine et al. 2006; Campbell et al. 2012). Small-sized bees transported less pollen to pumpkin flowers than bigger bees, but this ...
... other in the pollination of flowers with easily accessible rewards vs. those with rewards hidden at the bottom of a tubular corolla, respectively (i.e. trait matching) (Fontaine et al. 2006; Campbell et al. 2012). Small-sized bees transported less pollen to pumpkin flowers than bigger bees, but this ...
The Influence of Interspecific Competition and Other Factors on the
... Inclirect evitlence exists, lio\vever, \vhicli suggests that co11il)etition Iiiay sometin~es I)e resl)o~isil)lefor tlie tlistribution of animals in naturc. The range 11i distribution of a species may I)e decreasetl in the presence of another species ivith siniilar recjuirenients (l3eauclianip and U1 ...
... Inclirect evitlence exists, lio\vever, \vhicli suggests that co11il)etition Iiiay sometin~es I)e resl)o~isil)lefor tlie tlistribution of animals in naturc. The range 11i distribution of a species may I)e decreasetl in the presence of another species ivith siniilar recjuirenients (l3eauclianip and U1 ...
Leaf-level nitrogen-use efficiency of canopy and understorey
... Berendse & Aerts (1987) defined NUE as the product of the N productivity (NP, growth rate per unit N in the plant; Ingestad 1979) and the mean residence time of N in the plant (MRT). Subsequent studies have shown that selection in N-poor habitats is not necessarily for high NUE, but for a long MRT. ...
... Berendse & Aerts (1987) defined NUE as the product of the N productivity (NP, growth rate per unit N in the plant; Ingestad 1979) and the mean residence time of N in the plant (MRT). Subsequent studies have shown that selection in N-poor habitats is not necessarily for high NUE, but for a long MRT. ...
seg
... low-complexity segments is determined by the W, K(1) and K(2) parameters. All trigger windows are defined, including overlapping windows, of length W and complexity less than or equal to K(1). "Complexity" here is defined by equation (3) of Wootton & Federhen (1993). Each trigger window is then exte ...
... low-complexity segments is determined by the W, K(1) and K(2) parameters. All trigger windows are defined, including overlapping windows, of length W and complexity less than or equal to K(1). "Complexity" here is defined by equation (3) of Wootton & Federhen (1993). Each trigger window is then exte ...
Ecosystems and Living Organisms
... totality of an organism’s adaptations, its use of resources, and the lifestyle to which it is fitted ...
... totality of an organism’s adaptations, its use of resources, and the lifestyle to which it is fitted ...
The niche, biogeography and species interactions
... about the niche. The niche is defined as the combination of abiotic and biotic conditions where a species can persist. I argue that most biogeographic patterns are created by niche differences over space, and that even ‘geographic barriers’ must have an ecological basis. However, we know little abou ...
... about the niche. The niche is defined as the combination of abiotic and biotic conditions where a species can persist. I argue that most biogeographic patterns are created by niche differences over space, and that even ‘geographic barriers’ must have an ecological basis. However, we know little abou ...
a framework of values: reasons for conserving biodiversity and
... such as development, economic growth, welfare and quality of life of human beings and other sentient creatures, etc. In order to analyze and disentangle these conflicts, we need a clear, well-articulated, and comprehensive map of the values involved. The second important practical function is relate ...
... such as development, economic growth, welfare and quality of life of human beings and other sentient creatures, etc. In order to analyze and disentangle these conflicts, we need a clear, well-articulated, and comprehensive map of the values involved. The second important practical function is relate ...
Instructions for the Preparation of COSEWIC Status
... bases its status assessments primarily on status reports. A status report is a comprehensive technical report that compiles and analyzes the best available information on a wildlife species’ status in Canada and indicates the threats to that wildlife species1. The status report must meet minimum sta ...
... bases its status assessments primarily on status reports. A status report is a comprehensive technical report that compiles and analyzes the best available information on a wildlife species’ status in Canada and indicates the threats to that wildlife species1. The status report must meet minimum sta ...
Evolutionary Branching and Sympatric Speciation Caused by
... such a way that the population does not become monomorphic for one of the favored phenotypes. On the other hand, given such ecological conditions, the mating system must evolve such that reproductive isolation ensues between the phenotypes that are favored by disruptive selection. In the history of ...
... such a way that the population does not become monomorphic for one of the favored phenotypes. On the other hand, given such ecological conditions, the mating system must evolve such that reproductive isolation ensues between the phenotypes that are favored by disruptive selection. In the history of ...