Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs)
... • They act as sensors of diet and xenobiotics • They play an important role in lipid and glucose homeostasis and metabolic control at whole organism and cellular level • Involved in: metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, ... ...
... • They act as sensors of diet and xenobiotics • They play an important role in lipid and glucose homeostasis and metabolic control at whole organism and cellular level • Involved in: metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, ... ...
Chapter 15
... • Hydronium ions form when a hydrogen ion, H+, separates from the acid and bonds with a water molecule, H2O, to form a hydronium ion, H3O+. ...
... • Hydronium ions form when a hydrogen ion, H+, separates from the acid and bonds with a water molecule, H2O, to form a hydronium ion, H3O+. ...
The Effect of Disulphides on Mitochondrial Oxidations
... 1960; Pihl & Lange, 1962). It should be stressed, however, that, in most of the cases of inhibition of enzymes by disulphide described, a disulphide with an oxidation potential far above that of cystamine has been used. The present paper describes the toxic effects of some disulphides on mitochondri ...
... 1960; Pihl & Lange, 1962). It should be stressed, however, that, in most of the cases of inhibition of enzymes by disulphide described, a disulphide with an oxidation potential far above that of cystamine has been used. The present paper describes the toxic effects of some disulphides on mitochondri ...
Coordination and Chemistry of Stable Cu (II) Complexes in the Gas
... there is destruction of the cluster beam due to scattering, and at lower partial pressures insufficient quantities of metal are picked up. A shutter at the exit of the effusion cell is used to confirm the presence of copper in the clusters. Where a survey is performed of the relative intensities of ...
... there is destruction of the cluster beam due to scattering, and at lower partial pressures insufficient quantities of metal are picked up. A shutter at the exit of the effusion cell is used to confirm the presence of copper in the clusters. Where a survey is performed of the relative intensities of ...
Molecular Modeling of Substrate Binding in Wild
... 2,5-Diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase (2,5-DKGR; E.C. 1.1.1.-) catalyzes the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)dependent stereo-specific reduction of 2,5-diketo-Dgluconate (2,5-DKG) to 2-keto-L-gulonate (2-KLG), a precursor in the industrial production of vitamin C (L-ascorbate). Mic ...
... 2,5-Diketo-D-gluconic acid reductase (2,5-DKGR; E.C. 1.1.1.-) catalyzes the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)dependent stereo-specific reduction of 2,5-diketo-Dgluconate (2,5-DKG) to 2-keto-L-gulonate (2-KLG), a precursor in the industrial production of vitamin C (L-ascorbate). Mic ...
hong kong diploma of secondary education examination
... Add 25.0 cm3 of 1.20 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide solution to 25.0 cm3 of copper(II) nitrate solution to precipitate out the copper(II) hydroxide. Remove the copper(II) hydroxide from the reaction mixture. Titrate the alkali left over in the reaction mixture against 0.400 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid wit ...
... Add 25.0 cm3 of 1.20 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide solution to 25.0 cm3 of copper(II) nitrate solution to precipitate out the copper(II) hydroxide. Remove the copper(II) hydroxide from the reaction mixture. Titrate the alkali left over in the reaction mixture against 0.400 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid wit ...
Remodeled Respiration in ndufs4 with Low
... Respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is a cornerstone of cellular metabolism in aerobic multicellular organisms. The efficiency of this process is generally assumed to be maximized, but the presence of dynamically regulated nonphosphorylating bypasses implies that plants can alter phosphorylation e ...
... Respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is a cornerstone of cellular metabolism in aerobic multicellular organisms. The efficiency of this process is generally assumed to be maximized, but the presence of dynamically regulated nonphosphorylating bypasses implies that plants can alter phosphorylation e ...
Genetic engineering of lactic acid bacteria to produce
... pure L(+)-lactic acid. Naturally, this organism produces mixture of D(-)- and L(+)-lactic acid during fermentation of sugars. Production of D(-)- and L(+)-lactic acid is based on the activity of LdhD and LdhL, respectively. In this work, LdhD enzyme activity was removed by using two different geneti ...
... pure L(+)-lactic acid. Naturally, this organism produces mixture of D(-)- and L(+)-lactic acid during fermentation of sugars. Production of D(-)- and L(+)-lactic acid is based on the activity of LdhD and LdhL, respectively. In this work, LdhD enzyme activity was removed by using two different geneti ...
Redox cycling”
... Redox reactions are reversible and most redox active compounds may have either pro- or antioxidant properties, acting as either “oxidant” or “reductant”, depending upon overall conditions The redox potential is one determinant for reactions occurring with a redox active compound, but enzyme meta ...
... Redox reactions are reversible and most redox active compounds may have either pro- or antioxidant properties, acting as either “oxidant” or “reductant”, depending upon overall conditions The redox potential is one determinant for reactions occurring with a redox active compound, but enzyme meta ...
Liver Detoxification
... body has subtle clues that tell you your liver may need help detoxifying. First of all, if it takes a long time for the effects of pain medication (like getting shots at the dentist) to wear off, that’s a sign you have sluggish detoxification. The same thing holds true for alcohol, caffeine or any o ...
... body has subtle clues that tell you your liver may need help detoxifying. First of all, if it takes a long time for the effects of pain medication (like getting shots at the dentist) to wear off, that’s a sign you have sluggish detoxification. The same thing holds true for alcohol, caffeine or any o ...
The Biochemistry of C 4 Photosynthesis
... During the evolution of C 4 photosynthesis from C~ plants, the MC developed a high level of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and PEP carboxylase for initial CO2 fixation in the cytoplasm, and pyruvate, orthophosphate (Pi) dikinase in the chloroplasts for provision of PEP, the HCOg acceptor. It is equally imp ...
... During the evolution of C 4 photosynthesis from C~ plants, the MC developed a high level of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and PEP carboxylase for initial CO2 fixation in the cytoplasm, and pyruvate, orthophosphate (Pi) dikinase in the chloroplasts for provision of PEP, the HCOg acceptor. It is equally imp ...
Amino Acids in Maturation Medium and Presence
... of porcine oocytes are yet to be established. Furthermore, there is little information about the factors affecting MPN formation with relation to the culture condition. Therefore, further studies of the effects of individual factors in media on maturation and fertilization of porcine oocytes in vitr ...
... of porcine oocytes are yet to be established. Furthermore, there is little information about the factors affecting MPN formation with relation to the culture condition. Therefore, further studies of the effects of individual factors in media on maturation and fertilization of porcine oocytes in vitr ...
Engineering subunit association of multisubunit proteins
... the light chain, forming a monovalent antibody (Fab fragment). In addition, the variable regions of the heavy and light chains without the interchain disulfide bond can even be fused recombinantly with an appropriate linker, resulting in the formation of a single-chain antibody. In contrast, protein ...
... the light chain, forming a monovalent antibody (Fab fragment). In addition, the variable regions of the heavy and light chains without the interchain disulfide bond can even be fused recombinantly with an appropriate linker, resulting in the formation of a single-chain antibody. In contrast, protein ...
Interaction interfaces of protein domains are not topologically
... Domains That Have Distinct Biological Roles SWISS-PROT26 database comprises amino acid sequences of proteins that are experimentally studied, and their molecular functions and overall functional roles are well understood. TrEMBL26 is a similar database, but it includes proteins that are less well st ...
... Domains That Have Distinct Biological Roles SWISS-PROT26 database comprises amino acid sequences of proteins that are experimentally studied, and their molecular functions and overall functional roles are well understood. TrEMBL26 is a similar database, but it includes proteins that are less well st ...
Genomic and Physiological Comparisons Between Heterotrophic
... insight is supported by the homology results shown in Table 1. If the two organisms differ by one or a few mutations, their DNAs should show nearly 100% homology (within the experimental precision of the method used, which is -5 to 8% homology). However, data in Table 1 do indicate a close relations ...
... insight is supported by the homology results shown in Table 1. If the two organisms differ by one or a few mutations, their DNAs should show nearly 100% homology (within the experimental precision of the method used, which is -5 to 8% homology). However, data in Table 1 do indicate a close relations ...
Transport proteins regulate the flux of metabolites and cofactors
... In land plants, peroxisomes play key roles in various metabolic pathways, including the most prominent examples, that is lipid mobilization and photorespiration. Given the large number of substrates that are exchanged across the peroxisomal membrane, a wide spectrum of metabolite and cofactor transp ...
... In land plants, peroxisomes play key roles in various metabolic pathways, including the most prominent examples, that is lipid mobilization and photorespiration. Given the large number of substrates that are exchanged across the peroxisomal membrane, a wide spectrum of metabolite and cofactor transp ...
Genomic and Physiological Comparisons Between Heterotrophic
... insight is supported by the homology results shown in Table 1. If the two organisms differ by one or a few mutations, their DNAs should show nearly 100% homology (within the experimental precision of the method used, which is -5 to 8% homology). However, data in Table 1 do indicate a close relations ...
... insight is supported by the homology results shown in Table 1. If the two organisms differ by one or a few mutations, their DNAs should show nearly 100% homology (within the experimental precision of the method used, which is -5 to 8% homology). However, data in Table 1 do indicate a close relations ...
Characterization and the role of carbonic anhydrase
... In cyanobacteria, for the carbon concentrating mechanism to function, there is an absolute requirement for carbonic anhydrase activity within the carboxysome to convert the bicarbonate to carbon dioxide, and a simultaneous requirement that minimal carbonic anhydrase activity be found within the cyst ...
... In cyanobacteria, for the carbon concentrating mechanism to function, there is an absolute requirement for carbonic anhydrase activity within the carboxysome to convert the bicarbonate to carbon dioxide, and a simultaneous requirement that minimal carbonic anhydrase activity be found within the cyst ...
biologically important isotope hybrid
... are intimately connected, probably by the agency of a phenylalanine hydroxylase. Figure 9 illustrates the pmr spectrum of 2H-cytochrome c ('H-leucine) in the oxidized form. In comparison to the spectra of Figure 1, a very simple pattern indeed is obtained. Three methyl groups (tentative assignment) ...
... are intimately connected, probably by the agency of a phenylalanine hydroxylase. Figure 9 illustrates the pmr spectrum of 2H-cytochrome c ('H-leucine) in the oxidized form. In comparison to the spectra of Figure 1, a very simple pattern indeed is obtained. Three methyl groups (tentative assignment) ...
Nucleotide sequence of the Streptococcus pneumoniae ung gene
... of uracil from DNA (1), is directly involved in mutation avoidance (2). Indeed, it is likely to prevent transition mutations by removing uracil that results from deamination of cytosine. It has been proposed that the removal of misincorporated uracil by uracil-DNA glycosylase also plays an indirect ...
... of uracil from DNA (1), is directly involved in mutation avoidance (2). Indeed, it is likely to prevent transition mutations by removing uracil that results from deamination of cytosine. It has been proposed that the removal of misincorporated uracil by uracil-DNA glycosylase also plays an indirect ...
Plasma
... They are classified according to their density as highdensity lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and verylow-density lipoproteins. Health care workers are interested in the concentration of the different types of lipoproteins in the blood because it has implications for health: – A high con ...
... They are classified according to their density as highdensity lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and verylow-density lipoproteins. Health care workers are interested in the concentration of the different types of lipoproteins in the blood because it has implications for health: – A high con ...
Solids Chemistry XII - The Gurukul Institute
... What point defect is observed in a crystal when a vacancy is created by an atom or ion missing from a lattice site? What is Frenkel defect? Why is Frenkel defect not found in pure alkali metal halides? What are F- centres? What type of stoichiometric defect is shown by a) ZnS b) AgBr? Define the ter ...
... What point defect is observed in a crystal when a vacancy is created by an atom or ion missing from a lattice site? What is Frenkel defect? Why is Frenkel defect not found in pure alkali metal halides? What are F- centres? What type of stoichiometric defect is shown by a) ZnS b) AgBr? Define the ter ...
Overexpression of C4-cycle enzymes in transgenic C3 plants: a
... carboxylationuoxygenation ratio of Rubisco. It is questionable whether the additional CO2 released from the products of PEP carboxylation can be retained within the mesophyll or whether it is just lost to the atmosphere, because of high diffusion rates of CO2 in the airspace of the leaves (Leegood, ...
... carboxylationuoxygenation ratio of Rubisco. It is questionable whether the additional CO2 released from the products of PEP carboxylation can be retained within the mesophyll or whether it is just lost to the atmosphere, because of high diffusion rates of CO2 in the airspace of the leaves (Leegood, ...
calculating the structure-based phylogenetic relationship
... structures superiorly conserve homology and contain more biochemical information than their associated protein sequences, I hypothesize that utilizing the structure of a protein instead of its sequence will generate a superior dendrogram. Although no established or substantiated methodology exists ...
... structures superiorly conserve homology and contain more biochemical information than their associated protein sequences, I hypothesize that utilizing the structure of a protein instead of its sequence will generate a superior dendrogram. Although no established or substantiated methodology exists ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.