Magmatic processes at slow spreading ridges
... and postulated the existence of large crustal magma chambers beneath ridge axes. The importance of this concept is that a magma chamber provides a setting in which the gradual crystallization of an initially primitive melt can lead to the range of observed petrologies (e.g. Sinton & Detrick 1992); i ...
... and postulated the existence of large crustal magma chambers beneath ridge axes. The importance of this concept is that a magma chamber provides a setting in which the gradual crystallization of an initially primitive melt can lead to the range of observed petrologies (e.g. Sinton & Detrick 1992); i ...
Suppelementary Material
... controlled by the number of layers n. We considered three values: n=100, n=1,000, and n=10,000. We also tested the different levels of velocity contrast between the layers. In the first set of models (type of layers 1 in Table S1) only the extreme values Vsi=Vmin and Vsi=Vmax were assigned. In the s ...
... controlled by the number of layers n. We considered three values: n=100, n=1,000, and n=10,000. We also tested the different levels of velocity contrast between the layers. In the first set of models (type of layers 1 in Table S1) only the extreme values Vsi=Vmin and Vsi=Vmax were assigned. In the s ...
Elastic Anisotropy of a Metamorphic Rock Sample of the Canadian
... Anisotropy also further complicates the modeling of such waves (Vavryčuk and Boušková 2009). Study of anisotropy offers the opportunities to estimate the stress field (and fracture orientation), infer the spatial variation of fractures, predict fluid saturation, and monitor the subsurface pressur ...
... Anisotropy also further complicates the modeling of such waves (Vavryčuk and Boušková 2009). Study of anisotropy offers the opportunities to estimate the stress field (and fracture orientation), infer the spatial variation of fractures, predict fluid saturation, and monitor the subsurface pressur ...
Lightweight Ribs for the Strengthening of Single Leaf Vaults
... structure constraining the perimeter masonries along the edge (Giuriani and Marini 2008), the differential deflection of the thin vault induced by the pertaining seismic actions cannot be avoided (Fig. 1b). Depending on the earthquake magnitude and the vault thickness, differential deflection can be ...
... structure constraining the perimeter masonries along the edge (Giuriani and Marini 2008), the differential deflection of the thin vault induced by the pertaining seismic actions cannot be avoided (Fig. 1b). Depending on the earthquake magnitude and the vault thickness, differential deflection can be ...
High-resolution estimates of lithospheric thickness from Missouri to
... dense, broadband array, MOMA, and from independent measurements of North American crustal thickness. Model NA00 is derived by fitting the waveforms of broadband seismic S and surface waves recorded by the MOMA array and inverting them together with the database of waveform fits used for NA95 and the ...
... dense, broadband array, MOMA, and from independent measurements of North American crustal thickness. Model NA00 is derived by fitting the waveforms of broadband seismic S and surface waves recorded by the MOMA array and inverting them together with the database of waveform fits used for NA95 and the ...
The ocean-continent boundary in the Gulf of Lion from analysis of
... errors were minimized. Random errors will occur in picking and digitizing the different arrivals, but, in general, these errors are believed to have a minor effect on the final velocity structure. Since poor correlations of phases due to the interference of reflected and refracted waves from differe ...
... errors were minimized. Random errors will occur in picking and digitizing the different arrivals, but, in general, these errors are believed to have a minor effect on the final velocity structure. Since poor correlations of phases due to the interference of reflected and refracted waves from differe ...
Crustal structure of the ultra-slow spreading Knipovich Ridge, North
... ultra-slow spreading ridges is anomalously thin (*3.5–4.0 km) with the main contribution coming from a thinned Oceanic Layer 3 (White et al. 1992; Klingelhofer et al. 2000; Klingelhofer and Geli 2000; Dick et al. 2003; Jokat et al. 2003). The crust within the median valley of the Knipovich Ridge is ...
... ultra-slow spreading ridges is anomalously thin (*3.5–4.0 km) with the main contribution coming from a thinned Oceanic Layer 3 (White et al. 1992; Klingelhofer et al. 2000; Klingelhofer and Geli 2000; Dick et al. 2003; Jokat et al. 2003). The crust within the median valley of the Knipovich Ridge is ...
Velocity increase in the uppermost oceanic crust of subducting
... using the Japan Integrated Velocity Structure Model (JIVSM) proposed by Koketsu et al. (2008), which is one of the latest and most widely used structure models in Japan. This structure model includes a two-layered lowvelocity crustal structure at the top of the Philippine Sea plate: two layers, here ...
... using the Japan Integrated Velocity Structure Model (JIVSM) proposed by Koketsu et al. (2008), which is one of the latest and most widely used structure models in Japan. This structure model includes a two-layered lowvelocity crustal structure at the top of the Philippine Sea plate: two layers, here ...
Author`s Personal Copy
... discontinuity (i.e., the contact between the ultramafics and the overlying gabbros, which strikes NE-SW and dips to the NW) while the band c axes lie within the plane of the sheeted dikes. Since this fabric is relatively constant in symmetry and orientation throughout two widely separated traverses, ...
... discontinuity (i.e., the contact between the ultramafics and the overlying gabbros, which strikes NE-SW and dips to the NW) while the band c axes lie within the plane of the sheeted dikes. Since this fabric is relatively constant in symmetry and orientation throughout two widely separated traverses, ...
Structure and Serpentinization of the Subducting Cocos Plate
... Peninsula; HS, Hernando Scarp; FR, Fisher Ridge; QP, Quepos Plateau. The red line shows the ship track with air gun shots for line SERP. Yellow circles are the positions of OBSs used for this seismic refraction study. [7] In this study we present an analysis of marine seismic refraction data acquire ...
... Peninsula; HS, Hernando Scarp; FR, Fisher Ridge; QP, Quepos Plateau. The red line shows the ship track with air gun shots for line SERP. Yellow circles are the positions of OBSs used for this seismic refraction study. [7] In this study we present an analysis of marine seismic refraction data acquire ...
THE INTENSITY OF EARTHQUAKE IN INDIA ABSTRACT An
... XII Catastrophic Total destruction; objects thrown into air; ground rises and falls in waves. ...
... XII Catastrophic Total destruction; objects thrown into air; ground rises and falls in waves. ...
Atlantic Ridge − spreading Mid − Evidence for accumulated melt
... velocity reaches 6.5 km s−1 at a depth of 2.0–2.5 km below the seafloor. Below this level, which we interpret as the boundary between seismic layers 2 and 3, P-wave velocity increases more slowly with depth, reaching about 7 km s−1 just above the crust–mantle boundary, which occurs at between 6 and ...
... velocity reaches 6.5 km s−1 at a depth of 2.0–2.5 km below the seafloor. Below this level, which we interpret as the boundary between seismic layers 2 and 3, P-wave velocity increases more slowly with depth, reaching about 7 km s−1 just above the crust–mantle boundary, which occurs at between 6 and ...
Seismogeodynamics of Lineament Structures in the Mountainous
... The seismicity and seismotectonics of North Anatolia have been extensively elucidated in numerous publications. The Iranian part of the profile is also clearly traceable by sources of large earthquakes. Five large earthquakes, of 856 (M = 8.1), 958 (M = 8.0) (the intersection with the Elburz–Turan p ...
... The seismicity and seismotectonics of North Anatolia have been extensively elucidated in numerous publications. The Iranian part of the profile is also clearly traceable by sources of large earthquakes. Five large earthquakes, of 856 (M = 8.1), 958 (M = 8.0) (the intersection with the Elburz–Turan p ...
Receiver function analysis - DUO
... In this this study, receiver function analysis of the crust underneath TROLL seismic station in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica was performed. An analysis of the neighboring seismic station SNAA was carried out as well to provide ground of comparison. Receiver function analysis is a seismic method utili ...
... In this this study, receiver function analysis of the crust underneath TROLL seismic station in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica was performed. An analysis of the neighboring seismic station SNAA was carried out as well to provide ground of comparison. Receiver function analysis is a seismic method utili ...
Seismic wave propagation concepts applied to the interpretation of
... that the propagation velocity is higher in the lower layer than in the upper layer. The direct contribution from the source to the receiver is trivial and is not part of the ensuing discussion. Thus, due to the type of velocity contrast, there will be a critical angle as derived by Snell’s law. The ...
... that the propagation velocity is higher in the lower layer than in the upper layer. The direct contribution from the source to the receiver is trivial and is not part of the ensuing discussion. Thus, due to the type of velocity contrast, there will be a critical angle as derived by Snell’s law. The ...
Simulating migrated seismic data by filtering an earth model A
... the geologically more detailed earth model describing the targetzone. The propagation model that is used to migrate the real data is also used to compute the spatial resolution filter. This velocity model is not changed and therefore the spatial resolution filter can be re-used to validate different g ...
... the geologically more detailed earth model describing the targetzone. The propagation model that is used to migrate the real data is also used to compute the spatial resolution filter. This velocity model is not changed and therefore the spatial resolution filter can be re-used to validate different g ...
P-Waves and S-Waves
... or ask them to move their desks so that they are ardown, drawn or recorded ranged in pairs, facing one another. Distribute one slinky to each pair and a Student Worksheet: “P-meter a device for measuring Waves and S-Waves” to each student. Explain that students will use slinkies to depict two types ...
... or ask them to move their desks so that they are ardown, drawn or recorded ranged in pairs, facing one another. Distribute one slinky to each pair and a Student Worksheet: “P-meter a device for measuring Waves and S-Waves” to each student. Explain that students will use slinkies to depict two types ...
integration of geological and seismological data
... faults is in accord with estimates of M0 determined with the 400-yr record of seismicity. Recent work also shows that when the repeat timeT of earthquakes on Quaternary faults in southwest Japan is assumed to equal Mo/Mo 9 (where Mo is estimated for rupture extended over the entire fault length and ...
... faults is in accord with estimates of M0 determined with the 400-yr record of seismicity. Recent work also shows that when the repeat timeT of earthquakes on Quaternary faults in southwest Japan is assumed to equal Mo/Mo 9 (where Mo is estimated for rupture extended over the entire fault length and ...
Seismic Waves
... The energy of all three types of waves is passed from one rock particle to another in the same way one domino hits another and then another in a line of falling dominoes. These seismic waves cause back-and-forth, side-to-side, and up-and-down motions in the earth. These motions are what people sense ...
... The energy of all three types of waves is passed from one rock particle to another in the same way one domino hits another and then another in a line of falling dominoes. These seismic waves cause back-and-forth, side-to-side, and up-and-down motions in the earth. These motions are what people sense ...
Seismic Waves - Earth Science with Mrs. Wilson
... The energy of all three types of waves is passed from one rock particle to another in the same way one domino hits another and then another in a line of falling dominoes. These seismic waves cause back-and-forth, side-to-side, and up-and-down motions in the earth. These motions are what people sense ...
... The energy of all three types of waves is passed from one rock particle to another in the same way one domino hits another and then another in a line of falling dominoes. These seismic waves cause back-and-forth, side-to-side, and up-and-down motions in the earth. These motions are what people sense ...
Crystal preferred orientation of an amphibole experimentally
... provinces of the western United States, suggesting that this radial anisotropy results from the crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of anisotropic crustal minerals7. Several models for the cause of crustal seismic anisotropy have been suggested by previous studies. In the upper crust, seismic anisot ...
... provinces of the western United States, suggesting that this radial anisotropy results from the crystal preferred orientation (CPO) of anisotropic crustal minerals7. Several models for the cause of crustal seismic anisotropy have been suggested by previous studies. In the upper crust, seismic anisot ...
Wave-equation-based travel-time seismic tomography
... considerable effects on the tomographic images of the lower crust and the uppermost mantle (e.g., Zhao et al., 2005; Tian et al., 2007b). Therefore, for this study, we take into account the variation of Moho topography, and introduce a velocity model m1 that differs m0 by adding an undulated Moho ob ...
... considerable effects on the tomographic images of the lower crust and the uppermost mantle (e.g., Zhao et al., 2005; Tian et al., 2007b). Therefore, for this study, we take into account the variation of Moho topography, and introduce a velocity model m1 that differs m0 by adding an undulated Moho ob ...
IMPLICATIONS FOR APPALACHIAN CRUSTAL STRUCTURE
... blast to be reflections (PmP) from the Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho). Chapman's interpretation of PmP using a simple two-layer model predicts a Moho that dips 6 ø to the northwest with depths of 41 km near Staunton, Virginia, 38 km just west of Charlottesville, Virginia, and 39 kmmidway between t ...
... blast to be reflections (PmP) from the Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho). Chapman's interpretation of PmP using a simple two-layer model predicts a Moho that dips 6 ø to the northwest with depths of 41 km near Staunton, Virginia, 38 km just west of Charlottesville, Virginia, and 39 kmmidway between t ...
Structural Design of Base-Isolation system for Tall Building in
... base isolation system, the combined use of the sliding bearings and the rubber bearings is developed, called Hybrid TASS system (Hybrid TAISEI shake suppression system). In this system, the yield shear force and the stiffness of the base isolation story can be easily designed by setting the ratio of ...
... base isolation system, the combined use of the sliding bearings and the rubber bearings is developed, called Hybrid TASS system (Hybrid TAISEI shake suppression system). In this system, the yield shear force and the stiffness of the base isolation story can be easily designed by setting the ratio of ...
Reflection seismology
Reflection seismology (or seismic reflection) is a method of exploration geophysics that uses the principles of seismology to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface from reflected seismic waves. The method requires a controlled seismic source of energy, such as dynamite/Tovex, a specialized air gun or a seismic vibrator, commonly known by the trademark name Vibroseis. Reflection seismology is similar to sonar and echolocation. This article is about surface seismic surveys; for vertical seismic profiles, see VSP.