Some Useful Resources - Lunar and Planetary Institute
... Education Materials - http://education.usgs.gov/common/secondary.htm ...
... Education Materials - http://education.usgs.gov/common/secondary.htm ...
Earthquakes - modelling and monitoring
... furthest away. The time difference between the arrival of the waves is used to calculate the distance from the earthquake. In practice, measurements from at least three stations are required. In this investigation, two measuring devices (microphones) are used to find the location of a sound source p ...
... furthest away. The time difference between the arrival of the waves is used to calculate the distance from the earthquake. In practice, measurements from at least three stations are required. In this investigation, two measuring devices (microphones) are used to find the location of a sound source p ...
Influences of Solar Cycles on Earthquakes
... 20th century and part of the 21st century. Figure 2 shows the earthquake events during the last part of the last century and part of 21st century. During each of the 5 solar maxima (1958, 1968, 1979, 1991, 2000) there was a clear maximum of earthquake events for some tectonic plates. During the last ...
... 20th century and part of the 21st century. Figure 2 shows the earthquake events during the last part of the last century and part of 21st century. During each of the 5 solar maxima (1958, 1968, 1979, 1991, 2000) there was a clear maximum of earthquake events for some tectonic plates. During the last ...
Earthquake Source Fault Beneath Tokyo
... at depths of 4 to 26 km beneath the region, shallower than has been commonly assumed (Fig. 3A). Although there is good agreement in southern and eastern Kanto between our estimate and previous ones where the slab is shallow, there are large downdip differences in central and western Kanto of up to È ...
... at depths of 4 to 26 km beneath the region, shallower than has been commonly assumed (Fig. 3A). Although there is good agreement in southern and eastern Kanto between our estimate and previous ones where the slab is shallow, there are large downdip differences in central and western Kanto of up to È ...
Handbook for Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings
... inadequate strength in the load path, may be considered overarching because this deficiency will prevent the positive attributes of the seismic system from being effective. The load path is typically considered to extend from each mass in the building to the supporting soil. For example, for a panel ...
... inadequate strength in the load path, may be considered overarching because this deficiency will prevent the positive attributes of the seismic system from being effective. The load path is typically considered to extend from each mass in the building to the supporting soil. For example, for a panel ...
Earthquake forecasting and its verification
... subsequent earthquake. These approaches are based on the concept that the earth’s crust is an activated thermodynamic system (Rundle et al., 2003). Among the evidence for this behavior is the continuous level of background seismicity in all seismographic areas. About a million magnitude two earthqua ...
... subsequent earthquake. These approaches are based on the concept that the earth’s crust is an activated thermodynamic system (Rundle et al., 2003). Among the evidence for this behavior is the continuous level of background seismicity in all seismographic areas. About a million magnitude two earthqua ...
Seismic Analysis and Retrofit Design of a Historic
... The team used a two-tiered process specified by the American Society of Civil Engineers Standard for Seismic Evaluation for Existing Buildings (ASCE 31-03) to perform the seismic assessment of the substation control building. Site visit by the team followed by analysis revealed that, a) the building ...
... The team used a two-tiered process specified by the American Society of Civil Engineers Standard for Seismic Evaluation for Existing Buildings (ASCE 31-03) to perform the seismic assessment of the substation control building. Site visit by the team followed by analysis revealed that, a) the building ...
Lithosphere
... If the recording station is only a few hundred kilometres from the focus and the earthquake originated within the crust, then the seismogram records P and S waves that have only travelled through the crust. These are very useful for determining the structure of the crust and how its thickness varies ...
... If the recording station is only a few hundred kilometres from the focus and the earthquake originated within the crust, then the seismogram records P and S waves that have only travelled through the crust. These are very useful for determining the structure of the crust and how its thickness varies ...
Larry J. Ruff - Seismological Research Letters
... Some of the toughest questions from students are about earthquake depth. A typical one goes something like this: "You told us that earthquakes at midocean ridges occur no deeper than 15 km, but I just saw one on the NEIC Web page that was at 33 k m - - i s this a major discovery?" To help teachers r ...
... Some of the toughest questions from students are about earthquake depth. A typical one goes something like this: "You told us that earthquakes at midocean ridges occur no deeper than 15 km, but I just saw one on the NEIC Web page that was at 33 k m - - i s this a major discovery?" To help teachers r ...
A first-order second-moment calculation for seismic hazard
... Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the two analyses are associated with a specific algorithm, rather than a general framework that probabilistic analysis and deterministic analysis present. As a result, it is understood that “probabilistic analysis applied to seismic hazard assessment” is a frame ...
... Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the two analyses are associated with a specific algorithm, rather than a general framework that probabilistic analysis and deterministic analysis present. As a result, it is understood that “probabilistic analysis applied to seismic hazard assessment” is a frame ...
Tsunami Lecture
... Magnitude: relative amount of energy released during an earthquake. Richter Scale : A logarithmic measurement scale of earthquake magnitude. This scale measures the energy released by the largest seismic wave associated with the earthquake. (On logarithmic scale, energy increase from one magnitude t ...
... Magnitude: relative amount of energy released during an earthquake. Richter Scale : A logarithmic measurement scale of earthquake magnitude. This scale measures the energy released by the largest seismic wave associated with the earthquake. (On logarithmic scale, energy increase from one magnitude t ...
Comparative Study of The Effects of Wind and Earthquake Loads on
... building model in tornado-like-winds was discussed by Yang [8]. The wind loads (both force and moments) acting on the test model induced by tornado-like wind were found to vary significantly with the position of the test model relative to the center of the tornado-like vortex. Shear strength analysi ...
... building model in tornado-like-winds was discussed by Yang [8]. The wind loads (both force and moments) acting on the test model induced by tornado-like wind were found to vary significantly with the position of the test model relative to the center of the tornado-like vortex. Shear strength analysi ...
Geography Department Extended Learning Tasks Year 9 Volcanoes
... Write a poem to express feelings that you may have if trapped in an earthquake ...
... Write a poem to express feelings that you may have if trapped in an earthquake ...
concrete shear wall construction
... Colombia, the republics of the former Soviet Union, etc. This type of construction has been practiced since the 1960s in urban regions for medium- to high-rise buildings (4 to 35 stories high). Shear wall buildings are usually regular in plan and in elevation. However, in some buildings, lower floor ...
... Colombia, the republics of the former Soviet Union, etc. This type of construction has been practiced since the 1960s in urban regions for medium- to high-rise buildings (4 to 35 stories high). Shear wall buildings are usually regular in plan and in elevation. However, in some buildings, lower floor ...
Statistical analysis of time-distance relationship between volcanic eruptions and
... the basis of statistical and worldwide studies, Latter (1971) states that Blot process would probably be a secondary phenomenon and that the relationship would be primarily the correlated sequence of seismic and volcanic events resulting from periods of tectonic instability and perhaps increased ten ...
... the basis of statistical and worldwide studies, Latter (1971) states that Blot process would probably be a secondary phenomenon and that the relationship would be primarily the correlated sequence of seismic and volcanic events resulting from periods of tectonic instability and perhaps increased ten ...
On the recurrence of great subduction zone earthquakes
... 2004 Sumatra–Andaman4; the (Mw 8.0) 29 September 2009 Samoa-Tonga; the (Mw 8.8) 27 February 2010 Chile and the (Mw 9.0) 11 March 2011 Tohoku-Oki5–7 (Figure 1, Table 1). In their efforts to understand the factors that control the size of megathrust subduction zone earthquakes, seismologists have atte ...
... 2004 Sumatra–Andaman4; the (Mw 8.0) 29 September 2009 Samoa-Tonga; the (Mw 8.8) 27 February 2010 Chile and the (Mw 9.0) 11 March 2011 Tohoku-Oki5–7 (Figure 1, Table 1). In their efforts to understand the factors that control the size of megathrust subduction zone earthquakes, seismologists have atte ...
Testing earthquake predictions
... earthquakes found by a given authority, such as the U.S. Geological Survey. Earthquake catalogs are incomplete below some magnitude (left-censored in magnitude) because smaller events are harder to identify and locate. Moreover, unless some minimum number of stations detect ground motion, the algori ...
... earthquakes found by a given authority, such as the U.S. Geological Survey. Earthquake catalogs are incomplete below some magnitude (left-censored in magnitude) because smaller events are harder to identify and locate. Moreover, unless some minimum number of stations detect ground motion, the algori ...
Perturbation of earthquake probability for interacting faults
... areas to which the events not reported in the DISS database belonged. We have computed the clock change, t, by the ratio between CFF and τ̇ (tectonic stress change rate). The time change is positive (the fault becomes closer to failure) if the Coulomb stress change is positive. In the opposite cas ...
... areas to which the events not reported in the DISS database belonged. We have computed the clock change, t, by the ratio between CFF and τ̇ (tectonic stress change rate). The time change is positive (the fault becomes closer to failure) if the Coulomb stress change is positive. In the opposite cas ...
Transient postseismic mantle relaxation following 2004
... As an illustration to these effects, we consider in detail the earthquake sequence comprising six events, starting from the main event of Mw = 7.5, on 10 August 2009 and tapering off to a small earthquake of Mw = 4.5 on 2 February 2011 over a period of eighteen months in the intensely seismic Andama ...
... As an illustration to these effects, we consider in detail the earthquake sequence comprising six events, starting from the main event of Mw = 7.5, on 10 August 2009 and tapering off to a small earthquake of Mw = 4.5 on 2 February 2011 over a period of eighteen months in the intensely seismic Andama ...
Travel time curves
... Seismograph—an instrument that records vibrations of the Earth, especially earthquakes. Seismograph generally refers to the seismometer and a recording device as a single unit.. See IRIS’ Seismographs. Seismology—science that deals with earthquakes and attendant phenomenon including the study of art ...
... Seismograph—an instrument that records vibrations of the Earth, especially earthquakes. Seismograph generally refers to the seismometer and a recording device as a single unit.. See IRIS’ Seismographs. Seismology—science that deals with earthquakes and attendant phenomenon including the study of art ...
Earthquake Disasters in China
... earthquake-prone areas in China are Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, (west) Yunnan, Hebei, Taiwan, and other eastern provinces. First, according to the geologic structure, the western inland area can be divided into Xinjiang seismotectonic zone and Qinghai–Tibet seismotectonic zone. Xinjiang seism ...
... earthquake-prone areas in China are Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, (west) Yunnan, Hebei, Taiwan, and other eastern provinces. First, according to the geologic structure, the western inland area can be divided into Xinjiang seismotectonic zone and Qinghai–Tibet seismotectonic zone. Xinjiang seism ...
Seismic Response Analysis Of Concrete Block Masonry Buildings
... the people nearby to the falling structure. Inspections to out-of-plane wall failures typically indicated poor or not anchorage of the wall to the supporting diaphragm. In-plane damage has been also observed, in which diagonal pier cracks were the most common failure mode. As seen, several failure a ...
... the people nearby to the falling structure. Inspections to out-of-plane wall failures typically indicated poor or not anchorage of the wall to the supporting diaphragm. In-plane damage has been also observed, in which diagonal pier cracks were the most common failure mode. As seen, several failure a ...
Instrumental seismic catalogue of Mt. Etna earthquakes
... therefore falling within the volcanic edifice, were located setting the top of the velocity model at 1,600 m above the sea level. It is worth to highlight that only starting from 2005, due to the improvement of Mt. Etna seismic network and the installation of digital stations equipped with broad ban ...
... therefore falling within the volcanic edifice, were located setting the top of the velocity model at 1,600 m above the sea level. It is worth to highlight that only starting from 2005, due to the improvement of Mt. Etna seismic network and the installation of digital stations equipped with broad ban ...
ISA-Guide-for-TAs-and-Owners-Nov-2013
... The key aspects associated with Initial and Detailed seismic assessments can be summarised as follows: Initial Seismic Assessment (ISA) The Initial Seismic Assessment (or ISA) is a high level screen to indicate the likely seismic performance of a building. It provides a broad indication of the expec ...
... The key aspects associated with Initial and Detailed seismic assessments can be summarised as follows: Initial Seismic Assessment (ISA) The Initial Seismic Assessment (or ISA) is a high level screen to indicate the likely seismic performance of a building. It provides a broad indication of the expec ...
Case study on the expected seismic losses of soft and weak
... breaking of the slabs of the remaining part of the building. Likewise, during the collapse, the building had been displaced 50 cm from the ground floor level to the northeast direction and stopped in an equilibrium position inclined with 10º from the vertical axes. Some of the ground floor columns w ...
... breaking of the slabs of the remaining part of the building. Likewise, during the collapse, the building had been displaced 50 cm from the ground floor level to the northeast direction and stopped in an equilibrium position inclined with 10º from the vertical axes. Some of the ground floor columns w ...
1880 Luzon earthquakes
The earthquakes of July 1880 in Luzon, the largest island of the Philippines, was one of the most destructive tremors on record in the history of the country. The shocks continued, with greater or less interruption, from the 14th to the 25th of the month, highlighted by three violent shaking events, which destroyed churches and other buildings, producing loss of life. Coinciding with the tectonic activity was an increased in volcanic activity in Taal Volcano in southwestern Luzon.The Luzon provinces of Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Laguna, Pampanga, and Nueva Ecija, were the chief victims from the terrible convulsions with Manila and Laguna receiving the most damages. In many places, buildings were converted into shapeless heaps of ruins, and the materials of their prosperity buried beneath the rubbish.