Antipodal seismic observations of temporal and global variation
... and/or a stronger reflection coefficient at the ICB, due to a stronger impedance contrast of velocity and/or density across the boundary than PREM. Before PKIIKP+ at TAM there is apparent energy observed 20–30 s after PKIKP that may indicate structure (not in PREM model) below the top of the Inner C ...
... and/or a stronger reflection coefficient at the ICB, due to a stronger impedance contrast of velocity and/or density across the boundary than PREM. Before PKIIKP+ at TAM there is apparent energy observed 20–30 s after PKIKP that may indicate structure (not in PREM model) below the top of the Inner C ...
Physics 11 - Notes
... When objects freefall (stones, rocks, balls, or any falling object) they always have the same acceleration. In reality there may be other forces but for us we are dealing with only acceleration due to gravity, which is a constant near the earth's surface, of -9.8m/s2. If you move further away from t ...
... When objects freefall (stones, rocks, balls, or any falling object) they always have the same acceleration. In reality there may be other forces but for us we are dealing with only acceleration due to gravity, which is a constant near the earth's surface, of -9.8m/s2. If you move further away from t ...
V structural models associated with
... sedimentation rate and palaeomagnetism reveals that the mountain building process in the Taiwan region started about 4 Ma (Suppe 1984). A high rate of crustal deformation has been reported by modern levelling and GPS observations (Yu & Liu 1989; Liu et al. 1990; Yu et al. 1997; Angelier et al. 1997) ...
... sedimentation rate and palaeomagnetism reveals that the mountain building process in the Taiwan region started about 4 Ma (Suppe 1984). A high rate of crustal deformation has been reported by modern levelling and GPS observations (Yu & Liu 1989; Liu et al. 1990; Yu et al. 1997; Angelier et al. 1997) ...
Simulating migrated seismic data by filtering an earth model A
... 1. Introduction Seismic exploration activities can be subdivided into acquisition, seismic processing and interpretation. In the first stage, a network of sensors records the space–time response of the subsurface due to seismic waves generated by a controlled source. The source has a particular signa ...
... 1. Introduction Seismic exploration activities can be subdivided into acquisition, seismic processing and interpretation. In the first stage, a network of sensors records the space–time response of the subsurface due to seismic waves generated by a controlled source. The source has a particular signa ...
Seismic structure of Cocos and Malpelo Volcanic Ridges and
... solution, which makes that the final solution depends on the starting velocity model. The degree of dependence depends on the method of linearization and the geometry of the experiment, and must be assessed by conducting a number of inversions with a variety of initial models. The second issue conce ...
... solution, which makes that the final solution depends on the starting velocity model. The degree of dependence depends on the method of linearization and the geometry of the experiment, and must be assessed by conducting a number of inversions with a variety of initial models. The second issue conce ...
Seismic Investigation of the Yavapai-Mazatzal Transition Zone
... Karlstrom and Daniel [1993] have proposed that the Jemez Lineament is a broad zone coinciding with the southern edge of the Yavapai-Mazatzal crustal boundary in northern New Mexico, as it also corresponds to a band of northeast-trending magnetic highs located south of the volcanic centers [Zietz, 19 ...
... Karlstrom and Daniel [1993] have proposed that the Jemez Lineament is a broad zone coinciding with the southern edge of the Yavapai-Mazatzal crustal boundary in northern New Mexico, as it also corresponds to a band of northeast-trending magnetic highs located south of the volcanic centers [Zietz, 19 ...
Seismic Monitoring - K-UTEC
... a number of seismometer stations distributed within the observation area and the data recording and processing centre. The arrangement of the seismometers depends mainly on the observation task but also on the geology and local possibilities regarding accessibility and signal transmission. In genera ...
... a number of seismometer stations distributed within the observation area and the data recording and processing centre. The arrangement of the seismometers depends mainly on the observation task but also on the geology and local possibilities regarding accessibility and signal transmission. In genera ...
Local earthquake tomography of central Costa Rica
... which consists of serpentinized oceanic lithosphere in the northwest, a seamount province in the centre and the subducting Cocos Ridge in the southeast of the investigation area. Three prominent features can be identified in the V p and V p /V s tomograms: a high-velocity zone with a perturbation of ...
... which consists of serpentinized oceanic lithosphere in the northwest, a seamount province in the centre and the subducting Cocos Ridge in the southeast of the investigation area. Three prominent features can be identified in the V p and V p /V s tomograms: a high-velocity zone with a perturbation of ...
Energy dissipation and dispersion effects in granular media
... method are on one hand that many parameters are required, consequently, the simulation is impractical, and that the ordinary differential equations 共ODE兲-stiff problem may arise in time-scale integration. This may result in the divergence of the numerical simulation away from the realistic phenomena ...
... method are on one hand that many parameters are required, consequently, the simulation is impractical, and that the ordinary differential equations 共ODE兲-stiff problem may arise in time-scale integration. This may result in the divergence of the numerical simulation away from the realistic phenomena ...
Structure of the Earth`s Crust in Fennoscandia as Revealed from
... seismic data together with other geophysical and geological data from the area. The refraction interpretation of P-wave recordings by the refraction Working Group was published by Luosto et al. (1985). In Fig. 3e, however, a velocity model based on a combined interpretation of P- and S-wave interpre ...
... seismic data together with other geophysical and geological data from the area. The refraction interpretation of P-wave recordings by the refraction Working Group was published by Luosto et al. (1985). In Fig. 3e, however, a velocity model based on a combined interpretation of P- and S-wave interpre ...
Upper Mantle Tomographic Vp and Vs Images of the Rocky
... Then spurious travel-times are found and removed when their value is greater than twice the standard variation ( > 2σ ) of the polynomial fit. The last step to identify bad data is via slowness residual analysis (polar plot). The residuals for each station are binned into non-overlapping grids in 2- ...
... Then spurious travel-times are found and removed when their value is greater than twice the standard variation ( > 2σ ) of the polynomial fit. The last step to identify bad data is via slowness residual analysis (polar plot). The residuals for each station are binned into non-overlapping grids in 2- ...
Local modification of the lithosphere beneath the central and
... al., 2011). However, most of these existing studies are confined to sparse spots, discrete areas or linear profiles, and hence are difficult to yield integrated lithospheric images for the entire central and western NCC. A detailed 3-D structural model is needed for delineating the spatial extent of th ...
... al., 2011). However, most of these existing studies are confined to sparse spots, discrete areas or linear profiles, and hence are difficult to yield integrated lithospheric images for the entire central and western NCC. A detailed 3-D structural model is needed for delineating the spatial extent of th ...
Building a simple seismometer
... the motion of the mass and the paper drum would rotate with a clockwork mechanism that would enable users to determine the time at which a seismic wave had arrived (to within a few tens of seconds). However the sensitivity and dynamic range of these systems was very limited and they were quickly sup ...
... the motion of the mass and the paper drum would rotate with a clockwork mechanism that would enable users to determine the time at which a seismic wave had arrived (to within a few tens of seconds). However the sensitivity and dynamic range of these systems was very limited and they were quickly sup ...
2011 Iredell-Statesville Schools
... • Compare speed and velocity as a scalar‐vector pair. Velocity is a relationship between displacement and time: v=Δd/Δt • Apply concepts of average speed and average velocity to solve conceptual and quantitative problems. • Explain acceleration as a relationship between velocity and time: a=Δv/Δ ...
... • Compare speed and velocity as a scalar‐vector pair. Velocity is a relationship between displacement and time: v=Δd/Δt • Apply concepts of average speed and average velocity to solve conceptual and quantitative problems. • Explain acceleration as a relationship between velocity and time: a=Δv/Δ ...
Locating hydrothermal acoustic sources at Old Faithful Geyser using
... et al. 2011). The estimation of the slowness vector has also been applied on volcanic signals of different types to locate their origin (Almendros et al. 2001; Métaxian et al. 2002), as well as on the subduction zone in the Cascades (La Rocca et al. 2010) to retrieve the location of the tremor sour ...
... et al. 2011). The estimation of the slowness vector has also been applied on volcanic signals of different types to locate their origin (Almendros et al. 2001; Métaxian et al. 2002), as well as on the subduction zone in the Cascades (La Rocca et al. 2010) to retrieve the location of the tremor sour ...
A fault caught in the act of burping
... B-fault in images derived from seismic surveys taken in 1985 and 1992 and look for indications of movement. First, we pick the fault plane in the 3D seismic reflection images (Figure 1A). We then proceed by dipfiltering the seismic reflection images in the direction of the B-fault (Figure 1B). This ...
... B-fault in images derived from seismic surveys taken in 1985 and 1992 and look for indications of movement. First, we pick the fault plane in the 3D seismic reflection images (Figure 1A). We then proceed by dipfiltering the seismic reflection images in the direction of the B-fault (Figure 1B). This ...
Document
... needs to take into account the way light bends as it moves from water into the air. The bending of light as it passes from one medium into another is known as --A. Reflection B. Refraction C. Diffraction D. Polarization ...
... needs to take into account the way light bends as it moves from water into the air. The bending of light as it passes from one medium into another is known as --A. Reflection B. Refraction C. Diffraction D. Polarization ...
One-dimensional physical reference models for the upper mantle
... 410 km in the most common seismic 1-D models is less than that predicted for a pyrolitic mantle [Katsura et al., 2004; Stixrude, 1997]. Some authors [e.g., Duffy and Anderson, 1989] have interpreted this as an indication of a different (less olivine-rich) mantle composition. Others [Ita and Stixrude ...
... 410 km in the most common seismic 1-D models is less than that predicted for a pyrolitic mantle [Katsura et al., 2004; Stixrude, 1997]. Some authors [e.g., Duffy and Anderson, 1989] have interpreted this as an indication of a different (less olivine-rich) mantle composition. Others [Ita and Stixrude ...
Analysis of seismic anisotropy parameters for sedimentary strata
... studied for different types of rocks under different saturation conditions. If the sedimentary strata consist of only isotropic sedimentary layers and are brine saturated, the δ value for the effective transversely isotropic (TI) medium is usually negative. However, the δ value will increase for gas ...
... studied for different types of rocks under different saturation conditions. If the sedimentary strata consist of only isotropic sedimentary layers and are brine saturated, the δ value for the effective transversely isotropic (TI) medium is usually negative. However, the δ value will increase for gas ...
Equivalent Heterogeneity Analysis in Anisotropic Tomography
... A.M. Dziewonski, 2008). Most, but not all, of these authors include azimuthal anisotropy in their inversions; those who omitted it nevertheless recognized its likely presence. These authors are able to achieve impressive global or continental-scale images with spatial resolution of 100200 km, using ...
... A.M. Dziewonski, 2008). Most, but not all, of these authors include azimuthal anisotropy in their inversions; those who omitted it nevertheless recognized its likely presence. These authors are able to achieve impressive global or continental-scale images with spatial resolution of 100200 km, using ...
SUPPRESSION OF SHORT-PERIOD MULTIPLES
... the seismic data in a least-squares sense. The inversion provides a model for the data and ideelly provides the correct reflectivity estimate. We test these multiple suppression methods in a model study using synthetic data derived from the logs of a well drilled into the Nisku Formation. These synt ...
... the seismic data in a least-squares sense. The inversion provides a model for the data and ideelly provides the correct reflectivity estimate. We test these multiple suppression methods in a model study using synthetic data derived from the logs of a well drilled into the Nisku Formation. These synt ...
Velocity Measurements of Pore Fluids at Pressure
... Recovery of viscous hydrocarbons using methods such as SAGD or CSS from oil sands and/or carbonates necessitate that the reservoirs are heated to more than 100ºC in order to lower the viscosity of bitumen so that it can flow for production. Many workers (e.g., Eastwood (1993), Spencer (2013)) have o ...
... Recovery of viscous hydrocarbons using methods such as SAGD or CSS from oil sands and/or carbonates necessitate that the reservoirs are heated to more than 100ºC in order to lower the viscosity of bitumen so that it can flow for production. Many workers (e.g., Eastwood (1993), Spencer (2013)) have o ...
- Arizona State University
... downward off the earth’s free surface as P or S, and finally reflecting upward as S at each discontinuity. [7] To produce teleseismic images of P-to-S scattered energy caused by these seismic velocity and impedance contrasts, we applied receiver function estimation and filtering techniques described ...
... downward off the earth’s free surface as P or S, and finally reflecting upward as S at each discontinuity. [7] To produce teleseismic images of P-to-S scattered energy caused by these seismic velocity and impedance contrasts, we applied receiver function estimation and filtering techniques described ...
Seismic constraints on Ear th`s small-sc
... of the mantle. The upper boundary of the D″ region is often marked by a sharp increase in velocity, the D″ discontinuity, for S-waves, and a weaker discontinuity for P-waves. There is also evidence for strong seismic velocity anisotropy within D″. These observations can be explained by the phase tra ...
... of the mantle. The upper boundary of the D″ region is often marked by a sharp increase in velocity, the D″ discontinuity, for S-waves, and a weaker discontinuity for P-waves. There is also evidence for strong seismic velocity anisotropy within D″. These observations can be explained by the phase tra ...
Earthquake Notes
... 3. Larger buildings must sway, but not so much that they touch nearby buildings. a. Counterweights and diagonal steel beams are used to hold down sway. b. _________________ buildings can be placed on rollers so they can move with the ground. c. ______________________________, such as where the walls ...
... 3. Larger buildings must sway, but not so much that they touch nearby buildings. a. Counterweights and diagonal steel beams are used to hold down sway. b. _________________ buildings can be placed on rollers so they can move with the ground. c. ______________________________, such as where the walls ...
Surface wave inversion
Inversion is the set of methods used to infer properties through physical measurements. Surface wave inversion is the method by which elastic properties, density, and thickness of layers in the subsurface are attained through analysis of surface wavedispersion. The entire inversion process requires the gathering of seismic data, the creation of dispersion curves, and finally the inference of subsurface properties.