Subsurface Structure Model of Mount Merapi Using Receiver
... Receiver function analysis is a method to model crust and upper-mantle structure from teleseismic wave forms recorded at threecomponent seismic station (Langston, 1979). A receiver function is the time series that when convolved with the verticalcomponent seismogram reproduces the horizontal-compone ...
... Receiver function analysis is a method to model crust and upper-mantle structure from teleseismic wave forms recorded at threecomponent seismic station (Langston, 1979). A receiver function is the time series that when convolved with the verticalcomponent seismogram reproduces the horizontal-compone ...
Waves Generated by Russian Meteor Detected Crossing the US
... The atmospheric waves – referred to as infrasound – are detected over a broad range of sub-audible frequencies and are observed at great distances on infrasound microphones. When the infrasound waves reached the eastern US, after traveling 8.5 hours through the atmosphere across the Arctic from the ...
... The atmospheric waves – referred to as infrasound – are detected over a broad range of sub-audible frequencies and are observed at great distances on infrasound microphones. When the infrasound waves reached the eastern US, after traveling 8.5 hours through the atmosphere across the Arctic from the ...
The Role of Architectural Considerations in Seismic Performance of
... architectural plan such as columns or walls which could affect structural details in a way that does not allow for a good seismic design. Dangerous structural components means that if these components are designed inappropriately against seismic forces, they may themselves endanger the life. Additio ...
... architectural plan such as columns or walls which could affect structural details in a way that does not allow for a good seismic design. Dangerous structural components means that if these components are designed inappropriately against seismic forces, they may themselves endanger the life. Additio ...
Earthquake recurrence on the south Hayward fault is most
... sample is needed because earthquake recurrence-time distributions are skewed asymmetrically about their means [e.g., Nishenko and Buland, 1987; Hagiwara, 1974; Kagan and Knopoff, 1987]. For example, if one wants to characterize mean recurrence from a limited sample, that sample has highest probabili ...
... sample is needed because earthquake recurrence-time distributions are skewed asymmetrically about their means [e.g., Nishenko and Buland, 1987; Hagiwara, 1974; Kagan and Knopoff, 1987]. For example, if one wants to characterize mean recurrence from a limited sample, that sample has highest probabili ...
Earthquake Sources and Hazard in Northern Central America
... structures and seismogenic sources which may put a region into peril. The estimation of fault areas is an important factor in seismic hazard calculations. Definition of the depth to which earthquakes rupture Earth’s crust using only catalogues of hypocentres is uncertain. Determination of the focal ...
... structures and seismogenic sources which may put a region into peril. The estimation of fault areas is an important factor in seismic hazard calculations. Definition of the depth to which earthquakes rupture Earth’s crust using only catalogues of hypocentres is uncertain. Determination of the focal ...
40231
... RISK MANAGEMENT HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS ...
... RISK MANAGEMENT HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS ...
Benefit in the wake of disaster: Long
... more pronounced in developing countries that rely more on rural and agricultural sectors. For those disasters, the long-term macro effects are already debated. Some studies (e.g., Skidmore and Toya 2002) report evidence of recovery in terms of economic growth, while others (e.g., Noy 2009) find a ne ...
... more pronounced in developing countries that rely more on rural and agricultural sectors. For those disasters, the long-term macro effects are already debated. Some studies (e.g., Skidmore and Toya 2002) report evidence of recovery in terms of economic growth, while others (e.g., Noy 2009) find a ne ...
Seismic hazard for some regions of the world examined using strain
... view of the above results, we can conclude that in the next decade the area will experience an earthquake with magnitude of equivalent energy of 1023 ergs (less or equal to 8.4) and the possible year is 2005. Cells number eight covers the area of Bhutan, Burma, Bangladesh, and the countries of Indoc ...
... view of the above results, we can conclude that in the next decade the area will experience an earthquake with magnitude of equivalent energy of 1023 ergs (less or equal to 8.4) and the possible year is 2005. Cells number eight covers the area of Bhutan, Burma, Bangladesh, and the countries of Indoc ...
Volcanic Eruptions, Real-Time Forecasting of
... The most common indicator of volcanic unrest is an increase in the rate of earthquakes. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes are generated by stick–slip shear motion on faults within the volcanic edifice. Each event represents an increment of brittle failure and the accumulation of damage. Increased rates of ...
... The most common indicator of volcanic unrest is an increase in the rate of earthquakes. Volcano-tectonic earthquakes are generated by stick–slip shear motion on faults within the volcanic edifice. Each event represents an increment of brittle failure and the accumulation of damage. Increased rates of ...
Geophysical Methods: Refraction Seismology Critical and head
... Reflected ray: 2hi/V1 - never first arrivals First arrivals for near surface distances are direct rays whereas beyond a certain distance (the crossover distance) are the fastest. Source - shot point Locating the first arrival is called picking The calculation between the picks and distance to sourc ...
... Reflected ray: 2hi/V1 - never first arrivals First arrivals for near surface distances are direct rays whereas beyond a certain distance (the crossover distance) are the fastest. Source - shot point Locating the first arrival is called picking The calculation between the picks and distance to sourc ...
2016_Meghraoui-al_Seismotectonic of Africa
... 2011 to 2014. The use of the EMS98 or MSK scale instead of the MMI or any other intensity scale (larger than Io = VIII) was preferred in order to harmonize the historical seismicity database up to 1900. The instrumental catalogue covers the period from 1 January 1900, up to the present-day, and a th ...
... 2011 to 2014. The use of the EMS98 or MSK scale instead of the MMI or any other intensity scale (larger than Io = VIII) was preferred in order to harmonize the historical seismicity database up to 1900. The instrumental catalogue covers the period from 1 January 1900, up to the present-day, and a th ...
Analyzing Anomalies in the Ionosphere Above Haiti Surrounding the
... several regional theoretical ionospheric models, allowing it to be computationally fast while maintaining accurate physics. It can produce electron densities for altitudes between 90 and 25,000km and is able to output the predicted electron density over time based on solar and geomagnetic parameters ...
... several regional theoretical ionospheric models, allowing it to be computationally fast while maintaining accurate physics. It can produce electron densities for altitudes between 90 and 25,000km and is able to output the predicted electron density over time based on solar and geomagnetic parameters ...
Earthquakes - cloudfront.net
... into a new equilibrium. The magnitudes of these blasts and induced earthquakes are usually small. Reservoir-related earthquakes can occur when a new dam is filled after construction, or when there is a major change in water level. The added weight of the water on the underlying and surrounding rocks ...
... into a new equilibrium. The magnitudes of these blasts and induced earthquakes are usually small. Reservoir-related earthquakes can occur when a new dam is filled after construction, or when there is a major change in water level. The added weight of the water on the underlying and surrounding rocks ...
Central US earthquake catalog for hazard maps of Memphis
... The 1996 national hazard maps of Frankel et al. (1997) treat the three very large New Madrid earthquakes of 1811±1812 differently from the much more numerous, smaller earthquakes in the CEUS (Frankel et al. 1996). This paper deals with the latter, smaller earthquakes, and is not affected by the curr ...
... The 1996 national hazard maps of Frankel et al. (1997) treat the three very large New Madrid earthquakes of 1811±1812 differently from the much more numerous, smaller earthquakes in the CEUS (Frankel et al. 1996). This paper deals with the latter, smaller earthquakes, and is not affected by the curr ...
UPDATED SEISMIC HAZARD FOR LEBANON AND IMPLICATIONS
... short periods of paroxysmal activity in 1157-1202, 1404-1407, 1759-1796, about 200 to 350 years apart. Assuming equal probability of earthquake occurrence anywhere along this stretch, the conservative return period of 200 years, taken to correspond to the maximum earthquake of magnitude 7.5, is equi ...
... short periods of paroxysmal activity in 1157-1202, 1404-1407, 1759-1796, about 200 to 350 years apart. Assuming equal probability of earthquake occurrence anywhere along this stretch, the conservative return period of 200 years, taken to correspond to the maximum earthquake of magnitude 7.5, is equi ...
Probability gains of an epidemic-type aftershock sequence
... we apply a standard moving-window technique. Every temporal window contains 150 events, and it is moved forward by 50 events at each step. The Mc value in the plot vs. time spans from 1.5 to 2.6 (Fig. 1b). Mc appears equal to or smaller than 2.6 in all the samples of 150 events, except for the last ...
... we apply a standard moving-window technique. Every temporal window contains 150 events, and it is moved forward by 50 events at each step. The Mc value in the plot vs. time spans from 1.5 to 2.6 (Fig. 1b). Mc appears equal to or smaller than 2.6 in all the samples of 150 events, except for the last ...
PDF only
... earthquake that was shown in Figure 11. This pattern is more clear as much as other (previous or future) strong earthquakes are separated by longer times (days) and / or take place at more distant places. Our statistical analysis of large (> 6.7M) earthquakes in Japan for the time interval from Augu ...
... earthquake that was shown in Figure 11. This pattern is more clear as much as other (previous or future) strong earthquakes are separated by longer times (days) and / or take place at more distant places. Our statistical analysis of large (> 6.7M) earthquakes in Japan for the time interval from Augu ...
Stress evolution following the 1811–1812 large earthquakes in the
... 1994]. For regions outside the NMSZ fault zones where seismogenic faults are not well defined, we calculate the optimal Coulomb stress, which is the stress on planes optimally orientated for failure [King et al., 1994]. [8] Figure 2a shows stress migration immediately following the 1811 – 1812 event ...
... 1994]. For regions outside the NMSZ fault zones where seismogenic faults are not well defined, we calculate the optimal Coulomb stress, which is the stress on planes optimally orientated for failure [King et al., 1994]. [8] Figure 2a shows stress migration immediately following the 1811 – 1812 event ...
velocity structure of the near
... existing active-source reflection data collected by Chevron prior to the Northridge earthquake, we obtain both compressional wave (VP) and shear wave (VS) velocity information for the upper 500 m of crust. We do this by analyzing the data for three different north-south trending seismic lines. To an ...
... existing active-source reflection data collected by Chevron prior to the Northridge earthquake, we obtain both compressional wave (VP) and shear wave (VS) velocity information for the upper 500 m of crust. We do this by analyzing the data for three different north-south trending seismic lines. To an ...
On the recurrence of great subduction zone earthquakes
... and references therein). The seismic gap hypothesis holds that most long-term geologic slip on faults or plate boundaries are accomplished by characteristic earthquakes31. Important underlying assumptions are that faults and plate boundaries are segmented, that each characteristic earthquake reduces ...
... and references therein). The seismic gap hypothesis holds that most long-term geologic slip on faults or plate boundaries are accomplished by characteristic earthquakes31. Important underlying assumptions are that faults and plate boundaries are segmented, that each characteristic earthquake reduces ...
Waves - Westerville City Schools
... What are seismic waves? • An energy wave which vibrates through the earth’s crust as the crust bends or breaks. • Seismic waves exist as transverse (secondary waves), longitudinal (primary waves) and both types (surface) of waves. • Some travel through the earth (P and S waves) and some travel acro ...
... What are seismic waves? • An energy wave which vibrates through the earth’s crust as the crust bends or breaks. • Seismic waves exist as transverse (secondary waves), longitudinal (primary waves) and both types (surface) of waves. • Some travel through the earth (P and S waves) and some travel acro ...
Earthquake casualty estimation
Recent advances are improving the speed and accuracy of loss estimates immediately after earthquakes (within less than an hour) so that injured people may be rescued more efficiently. After major and large earthquakes, rescue agencies and civil defense managers rapidly need quantitative estimates of the extent of the potential disaster, at a time when information from the affected area may not yet have reached the outside world. For the injured below the rubble every minute counts.To rapidly provide estimates of the extent of an earthquake disaster is much less of a problem in industrialized than in developing countries. This article focuses on how one can estimate earthquake losses in developing countries in real time.