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Tectonic History - Illinois State Geological Survey
... forces that have shaped the long and varied geological history of Illinois. In brief, the theory recognizes that the upper part of the Earth’s crust is composed of rigid tectonic plates (slabs) that slide laterally over a layer of weaker, viscous rock in the underlying upper mantle known as the asth ...
... forces that have shaped the long and varied geological history of Illinois. In brief, the theory recognizes that the upper part of the Earth’s crust is composed of rigid tectonic plates (slabs) that slide laterally over a layer of weaker, viscous rock in the underlying upper mantle known as the asth ...
Plate Tectonics
... Accretion of dust in space due to GRAVITATIONAL FORCES – Dust – Asteroids – Planets 1. accretion of Heavy elements 2. attraction of Light gases to dense nucleus ...
... Accretion of dust in space due to GRAVITATIONAL FORCES – Dust – Asteroids – Planets 1. accretion of Heavy elements 2. attraction of Light gases to dense nucleus ...
Q1. In 1912 Wegener suggested his theory of continental drift. In
... (a) Most correct answers referred to the jigsaw fit of continents. Many students wrote about fossil fuels instead of fossils or completely forgot to mention that they were the same or similar. Also, a number of students wrote about the same animals or plants on the continents, not fossils, so no cre ...
... (a) Most correct answers referred to the jigsaw fit of continents. Many students wrote about fossil fuels instead of fossils or completely forgot to mention that they were the same or similar. Also, a number of students wrote about the same animals or plants on the continents, not fossils, so no cre ...
Geology 3015 Lecture Notes Week 4b
... • As spreading continues, the rift valley deepens and lengthens to intersect the edge of the continent allowing the sea to flood the rift valley. Narrow seaways, such as the Red Sea, are formed. Rising magma reaches the seafloor and cools to form new oceanic crust. • If spreading continues, the newl ...
... • As spreading continues, the rift valley deepens and lengthens to intersect the edge of the continent allowing the sea to flood the rift valley. Narrow seaways, such as the Red Sea, are formed. Rising magma reaches the seafloor and cools to form new oceanic crust. • If spreading continues, the newl ...
The Origins of Plate Tectonics Theory
... In 1963, Fred Vine and Drummond Matthews, two British geologists, joined the topographic map of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the symmetric bands of magnetism on the seafloor (Vine and Matthews, 1963). Where the navy ships mapped strong magnetism, rocks showed normal polarity; where they mapped bands ...
... In 1963, Fred Vine and Drummond Matthews, two British geologists, joined the topographic map of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the symmetric bands of magnetism on the seafloor (Vine and Matthews, 1963). Where the navy ships mapped strong magnetism, rocks showed normal polarity; where they mapped bands ...
Plate Tectonics - NagelBeelmanScience
... The theory of a “super continent was not originally excepted by scientists, but as they researched more, they realized it was quite possible. Pangaea lasted during the Permian and through the Jurassic period, when it started to break up. ...
... The theory of a “super continent was not originally excepted by scientists, but as they researched more, they realized it was quite possible. Pangaea lasted during the Permian and through the Jurassic period, when it started to break up. ...
Week 2 Discussion Questions
... volcanic source derived from the core/mantle boundary as being responsible for the midCretaceous hothouse climate. The Turgeon and Creaser paper is more difficult, but introduces the critically important concept of using elemental isotopes as proxies for geological processes. In the T&C paper, it is ...
... volcanic source derived from the core/mantle boundary as being responsible for the midCretaceous hothouse climate. The Turgeon and Creaser paper is more difficult, but introduces the critically important concept of using elemental isotopes as proxies for geological processes. In the T&C paper, it is ...
File
... • Continents fit like pieces of a puzzle • Fossils of same species of animal & plants found on separate continents • Matching mountain chains • Coal fields in Antarctica • Rock formations • Climatic conditions ...
... • Continents fit like pieces of a puzzle • Fossils of same species of animal & plants found on separate continents • Matching mountain chains • Coal fields in Antarctica • Rock formations • Climatic conditions ...
Sample
... 1. The major difference between inner core and outer core is that the outer core is liquid, while the inner core is solid. Their composition is similar. 2. The lithosphere differs from the asthenosphere in two main ways. First, the lithosphere includes the crust, which is of lower density than the m ...
... 1. The major difference between inner core and outer core is that the outer core is liquid, while the inner core is solid. Their composition is similar. 2. The lithosphere differs from the asthenosphere in two main ways. First, the lithosphere includes the crust, which is of lower density than the m ...
The Plate Tectonic Model
... onto one and becomes involved. • Divergent margins are the most diverse and complex. They can involve either oceanic or continental crust or both and are the root cause for the formation of many different types of rocks and structures. • The continents were formed by the long and repetitive activity ...
... onto one and becomes involved. • Divergent margins are the most diverse and complex. They can involve either oceanic or continental crust or both and are the root cause for the formation of many different types of rocks and structures. • The continents were formed by the long and repetitive activity ...
Table 7.1. Worksheet for Modeling Earth’s Dimensions Activity
... Table 7.1. Worksheet for Modeling Earth’s Dimensions Activity Average Actual layer Actual radius from Radius on diagram density of thickness center of Earth to top from the center to the Layer of the each layer (km) of layer (km) top of the layer (mm) Earth (g/cm3) (C) (D) (A) (B) Inner core ...
... Table 7.1. Worksheet for Modeling Earth’s Dimensions Activity Average Actual layer Actual radius from Radius on diagram density of thickness center of Earth to top from the center to the Layer of the each layer (km) of layer (km) top of the layer (mm) Earth (g/cm3) (C) (D) (A) (B) Inner core ...
Directed Reading
... Directed Reading continued ______ 7. What did Wegener hypothesize about mountain ranges such as the Andes? a. that the crumpling of the crust in places produced them b. that volcanic eruptions created them c. that they always existed d. that the pressure of the oceans produced them 8. Why was Wegene ...
... Directed Reading continued ______ 7. What did Wegener hypothesize about mountain ranges such as the Andes? a. that the crumpling of the crust in places produced them b. that volcanic eruptions created them c. that they always existed d. that the pressure of the oceans produced them 8. Why was Wegene ...
Ocean Basins (Chapter 19) - Ms. Whitt's Science Classes
... (used to study oceans) Sonar- sound navigation and ranging, a system that uses acoustic signals and returned echoes to determine the location of objects or to communicate ...
... (used to study oceans) Sonar- sound navigation and ranging, a system that uses acoustic signals and returned echoes to determine the location of objects or to communicate ...
Plate Tectonics Notes
... years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle. ...
... years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle. ...
Michelle Tsai Week 6 – Can Catastrophic Plate Tectonics Explain
... The earth has a thin rocky outer layer about 5-70km thick, the crust, that is consisted of sedimentary rock layers, with fossils, underlying crystalline rocky basement of granites and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Underneath the crust, there’s a layer called mantle, which is made up of dense, war ...
... The earth has a thin rocky outer layer about 5-70km thick, the crust, that is consisted of sedimentary rock layers, with fossils, underlying crystalline rocky basement of granites and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Underneath the crust, there’s a layer called mantle, which is made up of dense, war ...
as a PDF
... crust and cause sea-floor spreading. At divergent boundaries, continents can rift apart and for a new ocean. Subduction zones or convergent boundaries (trenches) destroy the old crust by forcing it under an overriding plate. The subducted matter then sinks into the mantle. At convergent boundaries, ...
... crust and cause sea-floor spreading. At divergent boundaries, continents can rift apart and for a new ocean. Subduction zones or convergent boundaries (trenches) destroy the old crust by forcing it under an overriding plate. The subducted matter then sinks into the mantle. At convergent boundaries, ...
Chapter 20: The Earth Through Time
... used to follow plate motion further back in time, but without the breadth and continuity of seafloor data. Today’s continents were assembled from many distinct plates or plate fragments. Small fragments of continental crust that have drifted as a single unit in the Earth history are called terra ...
... used to follow plate motion further back in time, but without the breadth and continuity of seafloor data. Today’s continents were assembled from many distinct plates or plate fragments. Small fragments of continental crust that have drifted as a single unit in the Earth history are called terra ...
Plate Tectonics 1
... What are lithospheric Plates? • Earth’s surface consists of moving pieces of crust called lithospheric plates ...
... What are lithospheric Plates? • Earth’s surface consists of moving pieces of crust called lithospheric plates ...
Plate Tectonics
... rocky material that covers the planet like the cracked, twisted, lumpy crust of an apple pie. ...
... rocky material that covers the planet like the cracked, twisted, lumpy crust of an apple pie. ...
on the move reading
... and rare supporter of Wegener’s theory, suggested that the earth’s thick second layer, the mantle, had currents powerful enough to carry the continents sitting on top of them and compared the process to a giant conveyor belt. Holmes’ explanation won Wegener many more supporters but It would take thi ...
... and rare supporter of Wegener’s theory, suggested that the earth’s thick second layer, the mantle, had currents powerful enough to carry the continents sitting on top of them and compared the process to a giant conveyor belt. Holmes’ explanation won Wegener many more supporters but It would take thi ...
File
... continents were once joined as a single landmass –he called this “supercontinent” Pangaea –stated the continents have separated and collided as they have moved over millions of years –called his theory “continental drift” ...
... continents were once joined as a single landmass –he called this “supercontinent” Pangaea –stated the continents have separated and collided as they have moved over millions of years –called his theory “continental drift” ...
Supercontinent
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pangea_animation_03.gif?width=300)
In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of the Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass. However, the definition of a supercontinent can be ambiguous. Many tectonicists such as P.F. Hoffman (1999) use the term ""supercontinent"" to mean ""a clustering of nearly all continents"". This definition leaves room for interpretation when labeling a continental body and is easier to apply to Precambrian times. Using the first definition provided here, Gondwana (aka Gondwanaland) is not considered a supercontinent, because the landmasses of Baltica, Laurentia and Siberia also existed at the same time but physically separate from each other. The landmass of Pangaea is the collective name describing all of these continental masses when they were in a close proximity to one another. This would classify Pangaea as a supercontinent. According to the definition by Rogers and Santosh (2004), a supercontinent does not exist today. Supercontinents have assembled and dispersed multiple times in the geologic past (see table). The positions of continents have been accurately determined back to the early Jurassic. However, beyond 200 Ma, continental positions are much less certain.