Modern Plate Tectonics
... Island Arcs parallel many oceanic trenches: arcshaped chains of volcanic islands (e.g., Japan) due to the rising magma from melting subducted crust. ...
... Island Arcs parallel many oceanic trenches: arcshaped chains of volcanic islands (e.g., Japan) due to the rising magma from melting subducted crust. ...
Plate Margins
... Ocean Trench: is the deep valley formed in the ocean floor as the subducted plate bends. Benioff zone: zone of earthquakes set off by the solid lithospheric plate forcing it’s way through the mantle. Island Arc: An arc of islands running parallel to the trench/subduction zone created by volcanic act ...
... Ocean Trench: is the deep valley formed in the ocean floor as the subducted plate bends. Benioff zone: zone of earthquakes set off by the solid lithospheric plate forcing it’s way through the mantle. Island Arc: An arc of islands running parallel to the trench/subduction zone created by volcanic act ...
Notes : Motion of the Lithosphere
... dense) material flows away and sinks into the mantle to replace the rising material • As the material moves, it drags the overlying ...
... dense) material flows away and sinks into the mantle to replace the rising material • As the material moves, it drags the overlying ...
Slab pull, mantle convection, and Pangaean assembly and dispersal
... for the trench may re-establish outboard after accretion, but the newly subducted oceanic crust will migrate into the same pre-accretion downwelling zone established by viscous propagation of stresses developed during earlier subduction [7,20]. Alternatively, accretion may induce slab £ipping, produ ...
... for the trench may re-establish outboard after accretion, but the newly subducted oceanic crust will migrate into the same pre-accretion downwelling zone established by viscous propagation of stresses developed during earlier subduction [7,20]. Alternatively, accretion may induce slab £ipping, produ ...
Ch 10 ppt
... Evaporation of the basin seawater would result in the precipitation of salts 2. Alternatively, the reefs grew upward so close to sea level – that they formed a sill or barrier that eliminated interior circulation ...
... Evaporation of the basin seawater would result in the precipitation of salts 2. Alternatively, the reefs grew upward so close to sea level – that they formed a sill or barrier that eliminated interior circulation ...
Geologic History of the - Teacher Friendly Guides
... environments in which those processes took place. In general, igneous rocks, created through tectonic activity, reflect past volcanism. By looking at both their texture and chemistry we can determine the tectonic setting and whether or not the rocks formed at the surface or deep underground. Likewis ...
... environments in which those processes took place. In general, igneous rocks, created through tectonic activity, reflect past volcanism. By looking at both their texture and chemistry we can determine the tectonic setting and whether or not the rocks formed at the surface or deep underground. Likewis ...
Seafloor Spreading
... the sea floor. deepest parts of the ocean floor! Some not measurable most important natural boundaries formed between two lithospheric plates. ...
... the sea floor. deepest parts of the ocean floor! Some not measurable most important natural boundaries formed between two lithospheric plates. ...
THE ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF CONTINENTS 1 Geophysical
... of these elements from several kilometres of continental rocks. The high concentration of these elements points to long continued stability in the ocean basins. These clays have a Rb/Sr ratio of about 0.6 (Rb = 110, Sr = 180 p.p.m.). Simple lateral movement of the dominantly basic oceanic crust bene ...
... of these elements from several kilometres of continental rocks. The high concentration of these elements points to long continued stability in the ocean basins. These clays have a Rb/Sr ratio of about 0.6 (Rb = 110, Sr = 180 p.p.m.). Simple lateral movement of the dominantly basic oceanic crust bene ...
Paleomagnetism
... through time for a given location = apparent polar wander (APW) path • It is NOT the motion of the Earth’s pole, but the position of the continent relative to the pole • As if the paleomagnetic pole had moved slowly along this path toward the present pole • APW path can be determined for each contin ...
... through time for a given location = apparent polar wander (APW) path • It is NOT the motion of the Earth’s pole, but the position of the continent relative to the pole • As if the paleomagnetic pole had moved slowly along this path toward the present pole • APW path can be determined for each contin ...
Erosion and Plate tectonics part 2
... _______________, ripping Pangea apart, and _________________ the continents. --Called __________________ --The Indian continent was _________________________, and the collision created the ________________ Mountains. --Even today, The _______________________ is __________________________, causing th ...
... _______________, ripping Pangea apart, and _________________ the continents. --Called __________________ --The Indian continent was _________________________, and the collision created the ________________ Mountains. --Even today, The _______________________ is __________________________, causing th ...
EGU2017-10149 - CO Meeting Organizer
... attempt to elucidate the Neoproterozoic magmatic evolution of this belt. In general, zircon U-Pb ages of the studied granitic rocks are between 804 and 724Ma, with a weighted mean of ca. 770 Ma, thus confirming Neoproterozoic magmatism. All samples plot into the peraluminous domain, indicating a maj ...
... attempt to elucidate the Neoproterozoic magmatic evolution of this belt. In general, zircon U-Pb ages of the studied granitic rocks are between 804 and 724Ma, with a weighted mean of ca. 770 Ma, thus confirming Neoproterozoic magmatism. All samples plot into the peraluminous domain, indicating a maj ...
Explain the relationship between igneous activity, magmatic
... Explain the relationship between igneous activity, magmatic composition, rock types and plate boundaries. ...
... Explain the relationship between igneous activity, magmatic composition, rock types and plate boundaries. ...
Microsoft PowerPoint - file.in [jen pro \350ten\355]
... second, apparently more extensive series of glaciations occurred in the Late Proterozoic between about 850 and 600 Ma. Glacial deposits from this age are found as a series of formations on all continents but Antarctica, suggesting a widespread and prolonged episode of cooling of the Earthâs climate. ...
... second, apparently more extensive series of glaciations occurred in the Late Proterozoic between about 850 and 600 Ma. Glacial deposits from this age are found as a series of formations on all continents but Antarctica, suggesting a widespread and prolonged episode of cooling of the Earthâs climate. ...
Earth Science Lesson 9: Earth`s History Earth looks very different
... years ago. These lands came together to create the continent of Laurentia. About 1.1 billion years ago, Laurentia became part of the supercontinent Rodinia (Image below). Rodinia probably contained all of the landmass at the time, which was about 75% of the continental landmass present today. ...
... years ago. These lands came together to create the continent of Laurentia. About 1.1 billion years ago, Laurentia became part of the supercontinent Rodinia (Image below). Rodinia probably contained all of the landmass at the time, which was about 75% of the continental landmass present today. ...
Passive Continental Margin Around East Coast India
... form a wedge-shaped structure. Their general characteristics and velocity structure suggest that they may be largely volcanic in nature, but there is no agreed upon model for their origin. Nevertheless it is generally thought that they lie at or close to the boundary between continent and ocean, and ...
... form a wedge-shaped structure. Their general characteristics and velocity structure suggest that they may be largely volcanic in nature, but there is no agreed upon model for their origin. Nevertheless it is generally thought that they lie at or close to the boundary between continent and ocean, and ...
Hot Spots or Extension? - Department of Geology
... – Both have been used as explanations for the presence of volcanics. In some cases, actual evidence exists, in others not. Both produce “OIB”s, so the presence of OIBs is ambivalent. The two are interrelated – hot spots beget triple junctions and extension, but not all extension is due to hot spots. ...
... – Both have been used as explanations for the presence of volcanics. In some cases, actual evidence exists, in others not. Both produce “OIB”s, so the presence of OIBs is ambivalent. The two are interrelated – hot spots beget triple junctions and extension, but not all extension is due to hot spots. ...
Plate Tectonics 2 ppt
... Sketch the geometry of the plates in the subsurface, using figures in the textbook as a guide to the geometries of the plates and thickness of the lithosphere, oceanic crust, and continental crust ...
... Sketch the geometry of the plates in the subsurface, using figures in the textbook as a guide to the geometries of the plates and thickness of the lithosphere, oceanic crust, and continental crust ...
GY 112 Lecture Notes
... B) Rocks and tectonics Back in the Hadean and Archean Eons, the rocks and tectonic elements were different than they are today. At least I think they were. There is very little evidence supporting plate tectonics like we have today (e.g., spreading and subduction). There was rifting and the result w ...
... B) Rocks and tectonics Back in the Hadean and Archean Eons, the rocks and tectonic elements were different than they are today. At least I think they were. There is very little evidence supporting plate tectonics like we have today (e.g., spreading and subduction). There was rifting and the result w ...
Week2A_Cret_08
... cause all the water on Earth to freeze, despite the warming effect of our present day greenhouse gases. A positive feedback would be caused by their high albedo and it would never get warm... Climate models suggest that an early Earth with so weak Sun and present level greenhouse gases would have re ...
... cause all the water on Earth to freeze, despite the warming effect of our present day greenhouse gases. A positive feedback would be caused by their high albedo and it would never get warm... Climate models suggest that an early Earth with so weak Sun and present level greenhouse gases would have re ...
Chapter 9—The Proterozoic: Dawn of a More Modern World
... start. What is the nature of an acritarch? What is the geological range? How are they fossilized and in what kind of rock? Why are there no more acritarchs? Chapter 9—The Proterozoic: Dawn of a More Modern World ...
... start. What is the nature of an acritarch? What is the geological range? How are they fossilized and in what kind of rock? Why are there no more acritarchs? Chapter 9—The Proterozoic: Dawn of a More Modern World ...
The following reading should be annotated by each student as they
... Volcanoes tend to form at subduction boundaries. As the oceanic plate collides with the continental plate, mantle rock can melt, forming liquid magma. This magma may rise upward between cracks that are caused by the plate collision, erupting at the surface as a volcano. Earthquakes occur because pla ...
... Volcanoes tend to form at subduction boundaries. As the oceanic plate collides with the continental plate, mantle rock can melt, forming liquid magma. This magma may rise upward between cracks that are caused by the plate collision, erupting at the surface as a volcano. Earthquakes occur because pla ...
Proto-Oceanic Crust in the North and South Atlantic
... appears to be either volcanic material, abducted mantle or deep continental crust, separated continental fragments, or a combination of these materials. Emplacement can occur at or near sea level, in regions of restricted lacustrine to oceanic circulation, or open marine environments. The type of ma ...
... appears to be either volcanic material, abducted mantle or deep continental crust, separated continental fragments, or a combination of these materials. Emplacement can occur at or near sea level, in regions of restricted lacustrine to oceanic circulation, or open marine environments. The type of ma ...
Plate Tectonics
... Wegener and his supporters collected a great deal of evidence for the continental drift hypothesis. Wegener found that this evidence was best explained if the continents had at one time been joined together. ...
... Wegener and his supporters collected a great deal of evidence for the continental drift hypothesis. Wegener found that this evidence was best explained if the continents had at one time been joined together. ...
john tuzo wilson - Emporia State University
... published two years later. He proposed that there must be a third type of plate boundary to connect the oceanic ridges and trenches which he noted may end abruptly and can transform into major faults that slip horizontally. A well-known example of such a transform-fault boundary is the San Andreas F ...
... published two years later. He proposed that there must be a third type of plate boundary to connect the oceanic ridges and trenches which he noted may end abruptly and can transform into major faults that slip horizontally. A well-known example of such a transform-fault boundary is the San Andreas F ...
Powerpoint Presentation Physical Geology, 10/e
... Abyssal plains – extremely flat regions beyond the base of the continental rise • flattest features on Earth, with slopes <0.01° • form where sufficient turbidity currents exist to completely bury rugged topography ...
... Abyssal plains – extremely flat regions beyond the base of the continental rise • flattest features on Earth, with slopes <0.01° • form where sufficient turbidity currents exist to completely bury rugged topography ...
Supercontinent
In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of the Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass. However, the definition of a supercontinent can be ambiguous. Many tectonicists such as P.F. Hoffman (1999) use the term ""supercontinent"" to mean ""a clustering of nearly all continents"". This definition leaves room for interpretation when labeling a continental body and is easier to apply to Precambrian times. Using the first definition provided here, Gondwana (aka Gondwanaland) is not considered a supercontinent, because the landmasses of Baltica, Laurentia and Siberia also existed at the same time but physically separate from each other. The landmass of Pangaea is the collective name describing all of these continental masses when they were in a close proximity to one another. This would classify Pangaea as a supercontinent. According to the definition by Rogers and Santosh (2004), a supercontinent does not exist today. Supercontinents have assembled and dispersed multiple times in the geologic past (see table). The positions of continents have been accurately determined back to the early Jurassic. However, beyond 200 Ma, continental positions are much less certain.