![Productivity Concepts and Policy Directions](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/004619159_1-54ac737b0b9cd52b7ff2e4ce73142b28-300x300.png)
Productivity Concepts and Policy Directions
... lower relative prices for consumers which effectively increase purchasing power; higher real wages for workers; lower unit costs and higher profits for business; and higher tax revenues for governments which can be spent on government services. ...
... lower relative prices for consumers which effectively increase purchasing power; higher real wages for workers; lower unit costs and higher profits for business; and higher tax revenues for governments which can be spent on government services. ...
Productivity and Growth in an Unstable Emerging Market Economy
... exercises and growth regressions to shed light on the determinants of growth in both developing and industrialized countries. Despite this intensive worldwide research, only few studies have conducted growth accounting exercises for the Turkish economy (e.g. Saygili et al., 2005 and Togan 1998, 2003 ...
... exercises and growth regressions to shed light on the determinants of growth in both developing and industrialized countries. Despite this intensive worldwide research, only few studies have conducted growth accounting exercises for the Turkish economy (e.g. Saygili et al., 2005 and Togan 1998, 2003 ...
Does Trade Openness Favour or Hinder Industrialization and Development? Mehdi Shafaeddin*
... approach is that trade, or its growth rates, is affected by many other factors than trade policy, including the size of the country and the structure of its exports. In large countries interregional trade replaces international trade to some extent. Therefore, they tend to have smaller trade/GDP rat ...
... approach is that trade, or its growth rates, is affected by many other factors than trade policy, including the size of the country and the structure of its exports. In large countries interregional trade replaces international trade to some extent. Therefore, they tend to have smaller trade/GDP rat ...
Swaziland: Policy Options and Strategies for Stimulating Fixed
... expenditure. GGFCE growth rates of Swaziland exhibited a very high degree of volatility compared to other countries in the region. For example, it grew by 30.5% in 1992 and 89.4% in 2010 and declined by 21.5% in 2001. The correlation between GDP and GGFCE growth rates was .47 during 1991-2010, sugge ...
... expenditure. GGFCE growth rates of Swaziland exhibited a very high degree of volatility compared to other countries in the region. For example, it grew by 30.5% in 1992 and 89.4% in 2010 and declined by 21.5% in 2001. The correlation between GDP and GGFCE growth rates was .47 during 1991-2010, sugge ...
Fiscal Policy in the Crisis
... The Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI’s working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments ...
... The Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI’s working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. ADBI encourages readers to post their comments ...
PDF
... D1, D2 and D3 are dummy variables that equal 1 when the observation belongs respectively to the periods, 1980–86, 1987–92 or 1993–98, otherwise 0. The variables pdar and pm are the aggregate real price of processed dairy and meat products. The variable res is the real annual research expenditure in ...
... D1, D2 and D3 are dummy variables that equal 1 when the observation belongs respectively to the periods, 1980–86, 1987–92 or 1993–98, otherwise 0. The variables pdar and pm are the aggregate real price of processed dairy and meat products. The variable res is the real annual research expenditure in ...
The Population-Development Nexus - the Max Planck Institute for
... capital, stock of physical capital, natural resource capacity, and state of technology. In each country, there are three production sectors: resource intensive industry (producing a final good), resource nonintensive (“service”) industry (also producing a final good), and natural resource extraction ...
... capital, stock of physical capital, natural resource capacity, and state of technology. In each country, there are three production sectors: resource intensive industry (producing a final good), resource nonintensive (“service”) industry (also producing a final good), and natural resource extraction ...
Costing the MDG gaps CHAPTER ONE
... antenatal care and too few births attended by skilled health professional and low contraceptive prevalence (United Nations, 2009a; ESCAP/ADB/ UNDP, 2010). ...
... antenatal care and too few births attended by skilled health professional and low contraceptive prevalence (United Nations, 2009a; ESCAP/ADB/ UNDP, 2010). ...
View/Open
... constant. Eqs. (11) and (12) comprise the key components of the non-parametric analysis. The index Eq. (11) is akin to Solow's residual, total factor productivity (TFP). In the context of competitive markets and constant returns to scale technologies, it encompasses sources of technological change t ...
... constant. Eqs. (11) and (12) comprise the key components of the non-parametric analysis. The index Eq. (11) is akin to Solow's residual, total factor productivity (TFP). In the context of competitive markets and constant returns to scale technologies, it encompasses sources of technological change t ...
Austrian Macroeconomics
... model. The usual assumption is that even though investment of some positive amount is realized each period, the stock of capital remains constant. 4 With the Austrian model this assumption is unnecessary. This has the important consequence of integrating macroeconomic theory, growth theory, and busi ...
... model. The usual assumption is that even though investment of some positive amount is realized each period, the stock of capital remains constant. 4 With the Austrian model this assumption is unnecessary. This has the important consequence of integrating macroeconomic theory, growth theory, and busi ...
Effects of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Colombia
... great capital flows that moved according to the demands of the same economic activity worldwide.” An interesting study of this phenomenon is the contribution of Galindo and Escont 6, where they demonstrate that less developed countries tend towards convergence with developed countries by growing mor ...
... great capital flows that moved according to the demands of the same economic activity worldwide.” An interesting study of this phenomenon is the contribution of Galindo and Escont 6, where they demonstrate that less developed countries tend towards convergence with developed countries by growing mor ...
A REPORT ON TASMANIA Vz
... This document was written to provide an insight into Tasmania‟s economic opportunities and constraints through the eyes of people who are participants in Tasmania‟s economic environment. It is designed to provide an overview of where there might be opportunities for investment, and therefore employm ...
... This document was written to provide an insight into Tasmania‟s economic opportunities and constraints through the eyes of people who are participants in Tasmania‟s economic environment. It is designed to provide an overview of where there might be opportunities for investment, and therefore employm ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES David Card Richard B. Freeman
... Reflecting the view that even a democratically chosen state sector is inimical to economic freedom, the Fraser and Heritage indices rate the size of governm ent as important negative in dicators of freedom . Both measures penalize high inflation, although this is an outcome of economic policy and ma ...
... Reflecting the view that even a democratically chosen state sector is inimical to economic freedom, the Fraser and Heritage indices rate the size of governm ent as important negative in dicators of freedom . Both measures penalize high inflation, although this is an outcome of economic policy and ma ...
Indonesia`s Economy - Friedrich-Ebert
... disparity is widening, besides that current account surplus tends to narrow because the demand of commodities from developed countries are slowing down so there must be serious impact to the producers of Indonesia’s main export commodities. In turn they have to reduce their production and many of th ...
... disparity is widening, besides that current account surplus tends to narrow because the demand of commodities from developed countries are slowing down so there must be serious impact to the producers of Indonesia’s main export commodities. In turn they have to reduce their production and many of th ...
Latin America and the Rising South: Changing World, Changing
... This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does no ...
... This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does no ...
Chapter 22
... lend the money out. So it continues lowering interest rates to try to attract borrowers. But because of these “pessimistic expectations”, there are no borrowers. In this case, the increase in the supply of money may not cause aggregate demand to rise. The severe recession may continue, with the Fede ...
... lend the money out. So it continues lowering interest rates to try to attract borrowers. But because of these “pessimistic expectations”, there are no borrowers. In this case, the increase in the supply of money may not cause aggregate demand to rise. The severe recession may continue, with the Fede ...
Restoring Investment in America`s Economy
... public investment. Indeed, there is a strong consensus among economists about the importance of investment to productivity. But the trends in the United States are troubling, to say the least. Before delving into the details, it’s worth first defining investment. It is not necessarily something that ...
... public investment. Indeed, there is a strong consensus among economists about the importance of investment to productivity. But the trends in the United States are troubling, to say the least. Before delving into the details, it’s worth first defining investment. It is not necessarily something that ...
Real intertemporal model
... • Important in explaining investment boom in the 1990s in the United States. ...
... • Important in explaining investment boom in the 1990s in the United States. ...
INEQUALITY AND INFORMALITY
... of income inequality and institutional quality, we also include some of the government policy variables traditionally viewed as important determinants of the informal sector. Interestingly, in the presence of institutional and inequality variables, both the proxies for the tax burden and the labor r ...
... of income inequality and institutional quality, we also include some of the government policy variables traditionally viewed as important determinants of the informal sector. Interestingly, in the presence of institutional and inequality variables, both the proxies for the tax burden and the labor r ...
Full exam paper + correctives
... This gets hazy but “…increased interconnectivity between nations…increased trade in goods and services….often via MNCs that produce in one country and sell in another…” (ii) Define the term import substitution indicated in bold in the text. [2 marks] Using BTT to decrease M (1p) and divert deman ...
... This gets hazy but “…increased interconnectivity between nations…increased trade in goods and services….often via MNCs that produce in one country and sell in another…” (ii) Define the term import substitution indicated in bold in the text. [2 marks] Using BTT to decrease M (1p) and divert deman ...
Global population growth, technology and Malthusian constraints: A
... World population has doubled over the last fifty years and quadrupled over the past century (United Nations, 1999). During this period and in most parts of the world, productivity gains in agriculture have confounded Malthusian predictions that population growth would outstrip food supply. Populatio ...
... World population has doubled over the last fifty years and quadrupled over the past century (United Nations, 1999). During this period and in most parts of the world, productivity gains in agriculture have confounded Malthusian predictions that population growth would outstrip food supply. Populatio ...
Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory
The balanced growth theory is an economic theory pioneered by the economist Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959). The theory hypothesises that the government of any underdeveloped country needs to make large investments in a number of industries simultaneously. This will enlarge the market size, increase productivity, and provide an incentive for the private sector to invest.Nurkse was in favour of attaining balanced growth in both the industrial and agricultural sectors of the economy. He recognised that the expansion and inter-sectoral balance between agriculture and manufacturing is necessary so that each of these sectors provides a market for the products of the other and in turn, supplies the necessary raw materials for the development and growth of the other.Nurkse and Paul Rosenstein-Rodan were the pioneers of balanced growth theory and much of how it is understood today dates back to their work.Nurkse's theory discusses how the poor size of the market in underdeveloped countries perpetuates its underdeveloped state. Nurkse has also clarified the various determinants of the market size and puts primary focus on productivity. According to him, if the productivity levels rise in a less developed country, its market size will expand and thus it can eventually become a developed economy. Apart from this, Nurkse has been nicknamed an export pessimist, as he feels that the finances to make investments in underdeveloped countries must arise from their own domestic territory. No importance should be given to promoting exports.