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Technological Diversification Miklos Koren and Silvana Tenreyro
... as before as the standard deviation of real sales growth) on (logged) size, where size is measured as either the number of employees or the volume of sales of the …rm. The data for Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria come from the Center for the Study of African Economies (CSAE) comparative …rm-level dataset; ...
... as before as the standard deviation of real sales growth) on (logged) size, where size is measured as either the number of employees or the volume of sales of the …rm. The data for Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria come from the Center for the Study of African Economies (CSAE) comparative …rm-level dataset; ...
Example
... The opportunity cost of the worker is ($70,000)(0.15) = $10,500. This is the amount of money the firm could have earned, but failed to earn, had the firm invested the $70,000 elsewhere. The economic cost of the worker is $70,000 + $10,500 = $80,500. ...
... The opportunity cost of the worker is ($70,000)(0.15) = $10,500. This is the amount of money the firm could have earned, but failed to earn, had the firm invested the $70,000 elsewhere. The economic cost of the worker is $70,000 + $10,500 = $80,500. ...
I. Production Possibility Frontier (PPF)
... in technology or a combination of both. Economies can reach higher levels of capital or technology by increasing the amount of capital goods. In other words, countries that sacrifice consumption today will experience faster economic growth and will have more consumption in the future. For many devel ...
... in technology or a combination of both. Economies can reach higher levels of capital or technology by increasing the amount of capital goods. In other words, countries that sacrifice consumption today will experience faster economic growth and will have more consumption in the future. For many devel ...
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - Inter-American Development Bank
... approaches the question from a slightly different angle. While saving to survive the bad times is important, saving to thrive in the good times is what really counts. People must save so they can invest in their own and their children’s health and education, live productive, fulfilling lives, and en ...
... approaches the question from a slightly different angle. While saving to survive the bad times is important, saving to thrive in the good times is what really counts. People must save so they can invest in their own and their children’s health and education, live productive, fulfilling lives, and en ...
Natural Resource Charter - Natural Resource Governance Institute
... home to production and the country more broadly. The potential economic benefits of extraction however are often very large when viewed at the level of all citizens in the country. Governments can use tools such as strategic environmental assessments to help account for environmental impacts within ...
... home to production and the country more broadly. The potential economic benefits of extraction however are often very large when viewed at the level of all citizens in the country. Governments can use tools such as strategic environmental assessments to help account for environmental impacts within ...
SIZE AND IMPACT OF FISCAL MULTIPLIERS An Analysis of
... The weak Keynesian and IS-LM model predict that consumption will increase after a shock in government spending. In these models MPC is high because consumers are not forward looking and they do not fully consider that in future taxes will increase to compensate for current increase in debt and incre ...
... The weak Keynesian and IS-LM model predict that consumption will increase after a shock in government spending. In these models MPC is high because consumers are not forward looking and they do not fully consider that in future taxes will increase to compensate for current increase in debt and incre ...
The Long View How will the global economic order change
... advanced economies experience a marked decline in their working-age populations. At the same time, emerging market growth rates will moderate as these economies mature, which is consistent with academic research3 on the tendency for growth rates to ‘regress to the mean’ in the long-run. This is illu ...
... advanced economies experience a marked decline in their working-age populations. At the same time, emerging market growth rates will moderate as these economies mature, which is consistent with academic research3 on the tendency for growth rates to ‘regress to the mean’ in the long-run. This is illu ...
The Long View How will the global economic order change by 2050?
... advanced economies experience a marked decline in their working-age populations. At the same time, emerging market growth rates will moderate as these economies mature, which is consistent with academic research3 on the tendency for growth rates to ‘regress to the mean’ in the long-run. This is illu ...
... advanced economies experience a marked decline in their working-age populations. At the same time, emerging market growth rates will moderate as these economies mature, which is consistent with academic research3 on the tendency for growth rates to ‘regress to the mean’ in the long-run. This is illu ...
The Regulation of Entry
... A second strand of the public choice theory, which we call the tollbooth view, holds that regulation is pursued for the benet of politicians and bureaucrats [McChesney 1987; De Soto 1990; Shleifer and Vishny 1998]. Politicians use regulation both to create rents and to extract them through campaign ...
... A second strand of the public choice theory, which we call the tollbooth view, holds that regulation is pursued for the benet of politicians and bureaucrats [McChesney 1987; De Soto 1990; Shleifer and Vishny 1998]. Politicians use regulation both to create rents and to extract them through campaign ...
Inflation, Deflation and All That
... but even so it is a painful process. There is no doubt that Japan’s deflation is of the bad kind. Various factors are at work in the other countries. But standing back from the individual cases, there is something of a pattern. While this hardly amounts to widespread deflation, or a deflationary spi ...
... but even so it is a painful process. There is no doubt that Japan’s deflation is of the bad kind. Various factors are at work in the other countries. But standing back from the individual cases, there is something of a pattern. While this hardly amounts to widespread deflation, or a deflationary spi ...
UNDERSTANDING AUTHORITARIAN LIBERAL REGIMES
... Commodity-based production suffers from international competition, because its goods are in demand, but in order to expand, states have to constantly seek new fields for crops, new mineral deposits and new labor reserves to grow. Volume, rather than productivity rate is the driving force of producti ...
... Commodity-based production suffers from international competition, because its goods are in demand, but in order to expand, states have to constantly seek new fields for crops, new mineral deposits and new labor reserves to grow. Volume, rather than productivity rate is the driving force of producti ...
Who benefits from productivity growth? – The labour income share
... This paper is about the split of national income between capital and labour incomes in the “measured sector” of the New Zealand economy. This distribution of income between the owners of labour and capital is distinct from the distribution of income within the owners of labour and capital. Changes i ...
... This paper is about the split of national income between capital and labour incomes in the “measured sector” of the New Zealand economy. This distribution of income between the owners of labour and capital is distinct from the distribution of income within the owners of labour and capital. Changes i ...
Kalecki`s 1954 version
... respectively from decisions taken in the past. The case corresponding to un-damped oscillations appears thus as a special configuration in which the economy, passing from one quasi-equilibrium to another, never reaches a stationary equilibrium (two equilibrium being then crucial: the quasi-equilibri ...
... respectively from decisions taken in the past. The case corresponding to un-damped oscillations appears thus as a special configuration in which the economy, passing from one quasi-equilibrium to another, never reaches a stationary equilibrium (two equilibrium being then crucial: the quasi-equilibri ...
A Classical View of the Business Cycle
... earlier (1911) investigations of the Quantity Theory and, specifically, that book’s Chapter IV (“Disturbance of Equation [of Exchange] and of Purchasing Power during Transition Periods”), which connected variations in money to variations in the price level and, subsequently, to changes in the real ...
... earlier (1911) investigations of the Quantity Theory and, specifically, that book’s Chapter IV (“Disturbance of Equation [of Exchange] and of Purchasing Power during Transition Periods”), which connected variations in money to variations in the price level and, subsequently, to changes in the real ...
1. If the MPS = 0.1, then the value of the multiplier
... consumers increase spending at every stage of the process, by an amount equal to the marginal propensity to consume multiplied by the increase in disposable income. If the MPC is large, the MPS is small, and more total spending is multiplied throughout the economy. However, if consumers decide to in ...
... consumers increase spending at every stage of the process, by an amount equal to the marginal propensity to consume multiplied by the increase in disposable income. If the MPC is large, the MPS is small, and more total spending is multiplied throughout the economy. However, if consumers decide to in ...
IDC`s Forecast Scenario Assumptions for the ICT Markets and
... High. Consumerization is a driver for IT spending because new devices and services are adopted at a faster rate by individual users than centralized IT departments. It even creates an indirect round of spending as some enterprises invest in software tools to either secure corporate data or police th ...
... High. Consumerization is a driver for IT spending because new devices and services are adopted at a faster rate by individual users than centralized IT departments. It even creates an indirect round of spending as some enterprises invest in software tools to either secure corporate data or police th ...
A level Economics Specification
... related area through a range of higher education courses, progression to the next level of vocational qualifications or employment. In addition, the specification provides a coherent, satisfying and worthwhile course of study for learners who do not progress to further study in this subject. This sp ...
... related area through a range of higher education courses, progression to the next level of vocational qualifications or employment. In addition, the specification provides a coherent, satisfying and worthwhile course of study for learners who do not progress to further study in this subject. This sp ...
mongolia`s resources boom: a cge analysis
... unique characteristics. Tapping its natural resources in a way that equally benefits the social and economic well-being of Mongolians is the greatest challenge. The resources boom in recent years directly impacted remarkable economic growth, and affected Mongolia’s economic structure, social welfare ...
... unique characteristics. Tapping its natural resources in a way that equally benefits the social and economic well-being of Mongolians is the greatest challenge. The resources boom in recent years directly impacted remarkable economic growth, and affected Mongolia’s economic structure, social welfare ...
market drivers and floating lng regas projects
... not necessarily be the most economical or preferred solution. This analysis if further complicated by the recent significant oil price decline - thereby potentially forestalling the economic gains of a switch to FLNG in markets where the delta between oil and LNG prices has decreased. The volatility ...
... not necessarily be the most economical or preferred solution. This analysis if further complicated by the recent significant oil price decline - thereby potentially forestalling the economic gains of a switch to FLNG in markets where the delta between oil and LNG prices has decreased. The volatility ...
Harvard Business School Tourism in Trinidad and Tobago Microeconomics of Competitiveness
... counterbalanced by fairly significant negative attributes. The main negative attribute is the fact that the overall nature of T&T’s competitive advantage is very low (ranks 35 out of 47) resulting from a number of factors including a low degree of customer orientation (39out of 47), lax anti-monopol ...
... counterbalanced by fairly significant negative attributes. The main negative attribute is the fact that the overall nature of T&T’s competitive advantage is very low (ranks 35 out of 47) resulting from a number of factors including a low degree of customer orientation (39out of 47), lax anti-monopol ...
THE RISING STAR OF EAST AFRICA
... Key sectors of the Tanzanian economy foster increased development and additional growth. From 2010 to 2015, 2 million jobs were created, surpassing the stated goal of 1 million jobs, the majority in the private sector. Natural Gas: Tanzania has discovered over 50 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, ...
... Key sectors of the Tanzanian economy foster increased development and additional growth. From 2010 to 2015, 2 million jobs were created, surpassing the stated goal of 1 million jobs, the majority in the private sector. Natural Gas: Tanzania has discovered over 50 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, ...
Textbook of Economics
... To produce things we need usually all three kinds of the means of production. If you operate vending machines, you need some staff to service the machines, you need to rent some area where the machine is placed, and you need the machines. If you operate u bus from Prague to Brno, you need a driver, ...
... To produce things we need usually all three kinds of the means of production. If you operate vending machines, you need some staff to service the machines, you need to rent some area where the machine is placed, and you need the machines. If you operate u bus from Prague to Brno, you need a driver, ...
Taxa Real de Câmbio, Mobilidade de Capitais e Mudança
... supply of factors of production (Solow, 1957). Aggregate demand is relevant only to determine the degree of productive capacity in the short-run, but has no lasting impact over the growth rate of productive capacity. In the long-run, Say’s Law is valid, that is, supply determines demand. However, su ...
... supply of factors of production (Solow, 1957). Aggregate demand is relevant only to determine the degree of productive capacity in the short-run, but has no lasting impact over the growth rate of productive capacity. In the long-run, Say’s Law is valid, that is, supply determines demand. However, su ...
Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory
The balanced growth theory is an economic theory pioneered by the economist Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959). The theory hypothesises that the government of any underdeveloped country needs to make large investments in a number of industries simultaneously. This will enlarge the market size, increase productivity, and provide an incentive for the private sector to invest.Nurkse was in favour of attaining balanced growth in both the industrial and agricultural sectors of the economy. He recognised that the expansion and inter-sectoral balance between agriculture and manufacturing is necessary so that each of these sectors provides a market for the products of the other and in turn, supplies the necessary raw materials for the development and growth of the other.Nurkse and Paul Rosenstein-Rodan were the pioneers of balanced growth theory and much of how it is understood today dates back to their work.Nurkse's theory discusses how the poor size of the market in underdeveloped countries perpetuates its underdeveloped state. Nurkse has also clarified the various determinants of the market size and puts primary focus on productivity. According to him, if the productivity levels rise in a less developed country, its market size will expand and thus it can eventually become a developed economy. Apart from this, Nurkse has been nicknamed an export pessimist, as he feels that the finances to make investments in underdeveloped countries must arise from their own domestic territory. No importance should be given to promoting exports.