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Supply - Breathitt County Schools
... resources are being used efficiently to produce goods and services. Most of the news you will hear about productivity concerns labor. When workers are more efficient— when they produce more output in the same amount of time—a company’s costs go down. The result is that more products ...
... resources are being used efficiently to produce goods and services. Most of the news you will hear about productivity concerns labor. When workers are more efficient— when they produce more output in the same amount of time—a company’s costs go down. The result is that more products ...
Section I: Political Economy and Growth-Poverty Trends
... remained stagnant at 0.2 percent throughout the 1990s. (i) Inflation, which had soared during the final years of the post-independence government, averaged 127 percent between 1990-93. The exchange rate was depreciating equally rapidly, while real interest rates were large and negative. The governme ...
... remained stagnant at 0.2 percent throughout the 1990s. (i) Inflation, which had soared during the final years of the post-independence government, averaged 127 percent between 1990-93. The exchange rate was depreciating equally rapidly, while real interest rates were large and negative. The governme ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES
... undermine the case frequently made against demand expansion in Europe on the ground that such a demand expansion would cause only extra inflation with no bonus of extra output as a result of a uniquely vertical European aggregate supply curve. ...
... undermine the case frequently made against demand expansion in Europe on the ground that such a demand expansion would cause only extra inflation with no bonus of extra output as a result of a uniquely vertical European aggregate supply curve. ...
An exploration of real-time revisions of output
... lead to an overly benign assessment of the underlying fiscal situation of countries, while the opposite is true under recessions. According to this pattern, the systematic correction proposed by Kempkes (2014) would generate overly large structural deficits in recession periods. Indeed, this type of ...
... lead to an overly benign assessment of the underlying fiscal situation of countries, while the opposite is true under recessions. According to this pattern, the systematic correction proposed by Kempkes (2014) would generate overly large structural deficits in recession periods. Indeed, this type of ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... 1960 to return to their prewar growth paths. The second is that, in contrast to the United States, both Germany and Japan did not converge to this prewar path but instead busted through it and converged to a growth path that was substantially higher than that in the prewar period. Just as for the de ...
... 1960 to return to their prewar growth paths. The second is that, in contrast to the United States, both Germany and Japan did not converge to this prewar path but instead busted through it and converged to a growth path that was substantially higher than that in the prewar period. Just as for the de ...
Aggregate Expenditure and Equilibrium Output
... by some other component of planned spending can the resulting planned aggregate expenditure equal aggregate output. This other component is planned investment (I). • The leakage out of the spending stream— saving—is matched by an equal injection of planned investment spending into the spending strea ...
... by some other component of planned spending can the resulting planned aggregate expenditure equal aggregate output. This other component is planned investment (I). • The leakage out of the spending stream— saving—is matched by an equal injection of planned investment spending into the spending strea ...
The Reserve Bank’s process for forecasting business investment
... demand will release spare productive capacity, thus reducing firms’ incentive to invest. The Reserve Bank’s overall activity ...
... demand will release spare productive capacity, thus reducing firms’ incentive to invest. The Reserve Bank’s overall activity ...
Aggregate Expenditure and Equilibrium Output
... Household Consumption and Saving • The fraction of a change in income that is saved is called the marginal propensity to save (MPS). ...
... Household Consumption and Saving • The fraction of a change in income that is saved is called the marginal propensity to save (MPS). ...
Determinants of FDI in Transition Economies: The Case of CIS
... developed by Kojima (1979), states that FDI originates from the comparatively disadvantaged industries of the home country, which are potentially comparatively advantaged industries for the host country, depending on the different stages of economic development in home and host countries. In other w ...
... developed by Kojima (1979), states that FDI originates from the comparatively disadvantaged industries of the home country, which are potentially comparatively advantaged industries for the host country, depending on the different stages of economic development in home and host countries. In other w ...
Uncertainty Shocks in a Model of Effective Demand No. 12-15
... contractions in output and all its components when prices are sticky. In particular, we find that increased uncertainty associated with future demand can produce significant declines in output, hours, consumption, and investment. Our model predicts that a one-standard deviation increase in the uncer ...
... contractions in output and all its components when prices are sticky. In particular, we find that increased uncertainty associated with future demand can produce significant declines in output, hours, consumption, and investment. Our model predicts that a one-standard deviation increase in the uncer ...
Nuovo decreto del ministro concernete modifiche al
... relation between market integration and convergence: The effects of globalization can be selective ...
... relation between market integration and convergence: The effects of globalization can be selective ...
Schneider F Degrowth Paris april 2008 paper
... train) and by the cheap availability of coal: costs reduction and benefit increase are both reasons for the existence of coal processing. ...
... train) and by the cheap availability of coal: costs reduction and benefit increase are both reasons for the existence of coal processing. ...
Problems Applying Economic Concepts Solutions
... 23. According to Maddison, technical change is occurring more rapidly in Japan than in the United States because of: a. the technical effect. b. the agricultural effect. c. the back-wash effect. d. the structural effect. 24. The structural effect refers to: a. shifts in economic activity from one se ...
... 23. According to Maddison, technical change is occurring more rapidly in Japan than in the United States because of: a. the technical effect. b. the agricultural effect. c. the back-wash effect. d. the structural effect. 24. The structural effect refers to: a. shifts in economic activity from one se ...
Corruption and the shadow economy: like oil and vinegar, like water
... circumvent government regulation, taxation, or observation. To develop a reasonable understanding, Table 1 presents a classification of shadow economic activities. From Table 1, it is clear that the shadow economy includes unreported income from otherwise official trade in goods and services, e.g., ...
... circumvent government regulation, taxation, or observation. To develop a reasonable understanding, Table 1 presents a classification of shadow economic activities. From Table 1, it is clear that the shadow economy includes unreported income from otherwise official trade in goods and services, e.g., ...
Lecture 9 - Leona Craig Art Gallery
... that in the early 1930’s after the great stock market crash of 1929, would be impossible according to this law. However, people do not like change, especially change for the worse, and even when change would be to their benefit they are slow to do so, if at all. That is the case with accepting decre ...
... that in the early 1930’s after the great stock market crash of 1929, would be impossible according to this law. However, people do not like change, especially change for the worse, and even when change would be to their benefit they are slow to do so, if at all. That is the case with accepting decre ...
Units 4 and 10 – Answers
... ____ 35. _____ inventories typically indicate _______ changes to unplanned inventory investment and a _________ economy. a. Rising; positive; slowing b. Rising; negative; slowing c. Rising; positive; expanding d. Falling; negative; slowing e. Falling; positive; expanding ____ 36. Which of the follow ...
... ____ 35. _____ inventories typically indicate _______ changes to unplanned inventory investment and a _________ economy. a. Rising; positive; slowing b. Rising; negative; slowing c. Rising; positive; expanding d. Falling; negative; slowing e. Falling; positive; expanding ____ 36. Which of the follow ...
Economic Accounts of Lebanon 2006-2007
... in 2007. This rate of inflation, however, remained modest given the import price index calculated by the unit values index, which increased from 4.9% in 2006 to 7.6% in 2007 whereas the domestic prices of the factors of production displayed progressions that were more moderate: +2.0% in 2006 and +3. ...
... in 2007. This rate of inflation, however, remained modest given the import price index calculated by the unit values index, which increased from 4.9% in 2006 to 7.6% in 2007 whereas the domestic prices of the factors of production displayed progressions that were more moderate: +2.0% in 2006 and +3. ...
2. A More Realistic Aggregate Demand
... upward sloping short-run aggregate supply curves is justified on the basis that many factor prices, especially wages, are set by either explicit or implicit contracts in the short run. If it is also assumed that output prices are usually more flexible than input prices, and that price expectations h ...
... upward sloping short-run aggregate supply curves is justified on the basis that many factor prices, especially wages, are set by either explicit or implicit contracts in the short run. If it is also assumed that output prices are usually more flexible than input prices, and that price expectations h ...
Productivity is acyclical: Evidence from over a century of labor
... consider productivity, such as Lucas and Rapping (1972). For many RBC theorists, the Depression was of a different nature than postwar business cycles and thus productivitybased theories were not applicable to this episode.5 From 1929-1933, TFP fell by 18% according to figures in Kendrick (1961), wh ...
... consider productivity, such as Lucas and Rapping (1972). For many RBC theorists, the Depression was of a different nature than postwar business cycles and thus productivitybased theories were not applicable to this episode.5 From 1929-1933, TFP fell by 18% according to figures in Kendrick (1961), wh ...
Preview Sample 1
... 77. Which of the following is likely to be most capital-intensive? A. Farming in developing countries. B. Production of clothing in rural China. C. Oil refining in the United States. D. None of the choices are correct. 78. The investment in human capital through education and training can result in ...
... 77. Which of the following is likely to be most capital-intensive? A. Farming in developing countries. B. Production of clothing in rural China. C. Oil refining in the United States. D. None of the choices are correct. 78. The investment in human capital through education and training can result in ...
Privatisation Methods and Economic Growth in Transition Economies
... in transition economies. We estimate an aggregate growth model for 23 economies in transition over the period 1990-2001, exploring the effects of private sector development, capital market development and privatisation methods on economic growth. Although the impact of privatisation on the performan ...
... in transition economies. We estimate an aggregate growth model for 23 economies in transition over the period 1990-2001, exploring the effects of private sector development, capital market development and privatisation methods on economic growth. Although the impact of privatisation on the performan ...
Ragnar Nurkse's balanced growth theory
The balanced growth theory is an economic theory pioneered by the economist Ragnar Nurkse (1907–1959). The theory hypothesises that the government of any underdeveloped country needs to make large investments in a number of industries simultaneously. This will enlarge the market size, increase productivity, and provide an incentive for the private sector to invest.Nurkse was in favour of attaining balanced growth in both the industrial and agricultural sectors of the economy. He recognised that the expansion and inter-sectoral balance between agriculture and manufacturing is necessary so that each of these sectors provides a market for the products of the other and in turn, supplies the necessary raw materials for the development and growth of the other.Nurkse and Paul Rosenstein-Rodan were the pioneers of balanced growth theory and much of how it is understood today dates back to their work.Nurkse's theory discusses how the poor size of the market in underdeveloped countries perpetuates its underdeveloped state. Nurkse has also clarified the various determinants of the market size and puts primary focus on productivity. According to him, if the productivity levels rise in a less developed country, its market size will expand and thus it can eventually become a developed economy. Apart from this, Nurkse has been nicknamed an export pessimist, as he feels that the finances to make investments in underdeveloped countries must arise from their own domestic territory. No importance should be given to promoting exports.