Kalecki`s 1954 version
... opened up new vistas in the field on endogenous business cycle theory. Indeed, thanks to this innovation, Kalecki’s 1939 model avoids the main problem of dynamical linear models, whereby a small change in the value of the parameters may radically change the nature of the solution; especially by chan ...
... opened up new vistas in the field on endogenous business cycle theory. Indeed, thanks to this innovation, Kalecki’s 1939 model avoids the main problem of dynamical linear models, whereby a small change in the value of the parameters may radically change the nature of the solution; especially by chan ...
DOC
... the impact of lower government investments and of a change in the stock of inventories) had the most distinct effect. On the other hand, intermediate consumption, other current transfers and in-kind social benefits reached higher levels than the original estimates. If, of course, we net out the high ...
... the impact of lower government investments and of a change in the stock of inventories) had the most distinct effect. On the other hand, intermediate consumption, other current transfers and in-kind social benefits reached higher levels than the original estimates. If, of course, we net out the high ...
... rates reflects the greater reliance on the private sector and more outward orientation of economies. At the same time, greater concern for the public provision of social services is evident from the changing patterns of allocation of expenditure. The region has undergone notable economic transformat ...
MEDIA LAW & POLICY V
... According to a recent survey, there has been almost a fifty percent increase in reported data security breaches at businesses, government agencies and educational institutions since 2007.21 Companies and other entities that handle sensitive consumer information are also faced with an increasingly co ...
... According to a recent survey, there has been almost a fifty percent increase in reported data security breaches at businesses, government agencies and educational institutions since 2007.21 Companies and other entities that handle sensitive consumer information are also faced with an increasingly co ...
Good Booms, Bad Booms - Penn Arts and Sciences
... first component) using the methodology developed by Atkeson, Eisfeldt, and Weill (2013) for the countries in our sample. Using these data we test two implications of the model in terms of the decomposition of productivity. First, we complement our finding that bad booms are more likely when product ...
... first component) using the methodology developed by Atkeson, Eisfeldt, and Weill (2013) for the countries in our sample. Using these data we test two implications of the model in terms of the decomposition of productivity. First, we complement our finding that bad booms are more likely when product ...
studies and PERSPECTIves the caribbean
... In the case of the emerging and developing economies, growth rates in 2012 and 2013 are likely to be less than in 2011. Much of this growth has been driven by India and Chain which have experience substantial slowdown despite still positive performances. ...
... In the case of the emerging and developing economies, growth rates in 2012 and 2013 are likely to be less than in 2011. Much of this growth has been driven by India and Chain which have experience substantial slowdown despite still positive performances. ...
What drives the short-run costs of fiscal consolidation?
... Our analysis also sheds some light on the transmission channels of fiscal consolidation shocks. Linear (state-invariant) estimates indicate that an important factor contributing to dampen the negative effects of fiscal consolidation on output is net trade. Fiscal consolidation is found to lead to a ...
... Our analysis also sheds some light on the transmission channels of fiscal consolidation shocks. Linear (state-invariant) estimates indicate that an important factor contributing to dampen the negative effects of fiscal consolidation on output is net trade. Fiscal consolidation is found to lead to a ...
Reaction
... Much like other emerging economies, increased urbanization could create more product consumption and increased demand in areas such as transportation, water treatment, utilities, commercial and residential construction and public infrastructure such as roads and bridges, all of which could mean grow ...
... Much like other emerging economies, increased urbanization could create more product consumption and increased demand in areas such as transportation, water treatment, utilities, commercial and residential construction and public infrastructure such as roads and bridges, all of which could mean grow ...
Cape Verde - A Success Story
... managed to transform itself from least developed country status into a lower middle income country. During this period it has also consistently improved its human development indicators. Cape Verde has benefited from sustained and stable growth over 35 years, leading to the increasing well-being of ...
... managed to transform itself from least developed country status into a lower middle income country. During this period it has also consistently improved its human development indicators. Cape Verde has benefited from sustained and stable growth over 35 years, leading to the increasing well-being of ...
... while the average growth rate of both East and South-East Asian economies in 1994 increased only marginally, that of the South Asian economies registered an improvement by nearly a full percentage point. The performance of the least developed countries also improved by a similar magnitude. However, ...
Economic Freedom of the World: 1975-1995
... freedom not beg any questions by depending on outcomes; it was essential that it depend only on objective characteristics of an economy. This may seem obvious but I assure you that it is not. After all, the rate of economic growth or the level of living may be an excellent proxy for economic freedom ...
... freedom not beg any questions by depending on outcomes; it was essential that it depend only on objective characteristics of an economy. This may seem obvious but I assure you that it is not. After all, the rate of economic growth or the level of living may be an excellent proxy for economic freedom ...
African Economic Outlook 2013
... needs more bridges and roads, swifter trade procedures, higher levels of cross-border trade and investment and, last but not least, better institutions and bureaucracies skilled in public policy co-ordination. Finally, while the steady economic progress of African economies has improved the lives of ...
... needs more bridges and roads, swifter trade procedures, higher levels of cross-border trade and investment and, last but not least, better institutions and bureaucracies skilled in public policy co-ordination. Finally, while the steady economic progress of African economies has improved the lives of ...
4. Long-term trends of income inequality in Germany: applied theory
... 1. Globalization must be seen as a factor as well as the framework of rising income inequality. It is argued that increasing trade opportunities put pressure on wages in developed countries, particularly on wages of low-skilled workers. Consequently, one could argue that the dispersion between high- ...
... 1. Globalization must be seen as a factor as well as the framework of rising income inequality. It is argued that increasing trade opportunities put pressure on wages in developed countries, particularly on wages of low-skilled workers. Consequently, one could argue that the dispersion between high- ...
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... costs. Clearly, the attacks on September 11, 2001 (henceforth, 9/11) had significant costs that have been estimated to be in the range of $80 to $90 billion when subsequent economic losses in lost wages, workman’s compensation, and reduced commerce are included (Kunreuther, MichelKerjan, and Porter, ...
... costs. Clearly, the attacks on September 11, 2001 (henceforth, 9/11) had significant costs that have been estimated to be in the range of $80 to $90 billion when subsequent economic losses in lost wages, workman’s compensation, and reduced commerce are included (Kunreuther, MichelKerjan, and Porter, ...
"Household Debt and Business Cycles Worldwide"
... relation between changes in household debt and subsequent output growth. We find a number of results that are broadly supportive of this alternative class of models. First, household debt growth is indeed correlated with consumption booms. We find that a rise in the household debt to GDP ratio is co ...
... relation between changes in household debt and subsequent output growth. We find a number of results that are broadly supportive of this alternative class of models. First, household debt growth is indeed correlated with consumption booms. We find that a rise in the household debt to GDP ratio is co ...
Trend Compendium 2030
... Population will grow by 24%, so seven times faster than in the developed countries, from 5.7 billion people to 7.0 billion ...
... Population will grow by 24%, so seven times faster than in the developed countries, from 5.7 billion people to 7.0 billion ...
Household Debt and Business Cycles Worldwide
... relation between changes in household debt and subsequent output growth. We find a number of results that are broadly supportive of this alternative class of models. First, household debt growth is indeed correlated with consumption booms. We find that a rise in the household debt to GDP ratio is co ...
... relation between changes in household debt and subsequent output growth. We find a number of results that are broadly supportive of this alternative class of models. First, household debt growth is indeed correlated with consumption booms. We find that a rise in the household debt to GDP ratio is co ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.