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Thinking like an economist - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... permanently lower level of actual output from what it would otherwise have been had there been no recession. The long-run aggregate supply curve is shifted to the left. Once the economy recovers, it never catches up the lost economic growth. This is because capital equipment is scrapped as firms clo ...
... permanently lower level of actual output from what it would otherwise have been had there been no recession. The long-run aggregate supply curve is shifted to the left. Once the economy recovers, it never catches up the lost economic growth. This is because capital equipment is scrapped as firms clo ...
The impact of the business cycle
... oil, Only the rich may gain the benefits The poor stay poor and inequality increases, Greater stress on workers to produce more goods ...
... oil, Only the rich may gain the benefits The poor stay poor and inequality increases, Greater stress on workers to produce more goods ...
PPT 80s Growth
... women out from the homes and into the labor force increased resources that added to national output. The problem is eventually the participation of women will equal men and there will be no surplus of women to mobilize. The same thing is true in China where the high growth rates come from the moveme ...
... women out from the homes and into the labor force increased resources that added to national output. The problem is eventually the participation of women will equal men and there will be no surplus of women to mobilize. The same thing is true in China where the high growth rates come from the moveme ...
R&D - CREI
... town: bring in MNLs R&D labs, bring in VC’s, become players in global HT markets. • Not such a thing as local markets, let alone local “needs”, to be addressed with local innovation. • The Internet fallacy: one universal network does not mean that everybody has equal access, benefits the same way, o ...
... town: bring in MNLs R&D labs, bring in VC’s, become players in global HT markets. • Not such a thing as local markets, let alone local “needs”, to be addressed with local innovation. • The Internet fallacy: one universal network does not mean that everybody has equal access, benefits the same way, o ...
Thailand Economic Monitor
... • Telecom, banking, insurance, business services, ports can all benefit for such liberalization; • Share of services sector high • Productivity growth low- & thus scope to grow • Supportive policies needed ...
... • Telecom, banking, insurance, business services, ports can all benefit for such liberalization; • Share of services sector high • Productivity growth low- & thus scope to grow • Supportive policies needed ...
economic insight SOUTH EaST aSIa Quarterly briefing December 2011 global uncertainty unsettles
... Export growth continued into Q3 2011, but is likely to slow markedly Export volume figures show that ASEAN has overtaken the emerging market average compared to the trade volume during the financial crisis. The latest available data from around the middle of the year shows a small downturn in trade, ...
... Export growth continued into Q3 2011, but is likely to slow markedly Export volume figures show that ASEAN has overtaken the emerging market average compared to the trade volume during the financial crisis. The latest available data from around the middle of the year shows a small downturn in trade, ...
Improvements in productivity
... Provide better and faster information technology Enhance education to foster a knowledge-based economy Strengthen the banking sector Improve regulation Increase the efficiency and quality of public services, especially ...
... Provide better and faster information technology Enhance education to foster a knowledge-based economy Strengthen the banking sector Improve regulation Increase the efficiency and quality of public services, especially ...
Technological Progress
... Balanced Growth Path – On the balanced growth path, labor productivity and capital per worker are each growing at the same rate as the world technology frontier. During the post-war period, the US was on its balanced growth path. All balanced growth paths should increase at the same rate (the growth ...
... Balanced Growth Path – On the balanced growth path, labor productivity and capital per worker are each growing at the same rate as the world technology frontier. During the post-war period, the US was on its balanced growth path. All balanced growth paths should increase at the same rate (the growth ...
the solow productivity paradox in historical perspective
... communications equipment at an astonishing rate. The first, very expensive, computers were seen as good at performing complicated and lengthy sets of arithmetic operations. The first leading-edge applications of large-scale electronic computing power were military: the burst of innovation during Wor ...
... communications equipment at an astonishing rate. The first, very expensive, computers were seen as good at performing complicated and lengthy sets of arithmetic operations. The first leading-edge applications of large-scale electronic computing power were military: the burst of innovation during Wor ...
Sosa, McGwire, and Greenspan
... much longer and more amazing economic phenomenon • 1999 will be 17th year of The Long Boom • Includes not only the first, but also the second longest peacetime expansion in U.S. history – 1990s (now 95 months), – 1980s (92 months) • Recession in between was short and mild ...
... much longer and more amazing economic phenomenon • 1999 will be 17th year of The Long Boom • Includes not only the first, but also the second longest peacetime expansion in U.S. history – 1990s (now 95 months), – 1980s (92 months) • Recession in between was short and mild ...
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... In January 2003, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate continued to rise in Western Europe. At 8.6% in the euro area, it maintained its differential to the unemployment rate in the entire EU which rose to 7.9%. ...
... In January 2003, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate continued to rise in Western Europe. At 8.6% in the euro area, it maintained its differential to the unemployment rate in the entire EU which rose to 7.9%. ...
Chapter 12 – Macroeconomic Performance
... (some are illegal and some are legal) Current GDP is GDP using that year’s dollar values Real GDP is GDP using constant dollars ( real GDP is adjusted for inflation) and is a more accurate measure of economic growth Limitations of GDP A. GDP numbers do not tell the composition of a country’s output ...
... (some are illegal and some are legal) Current GDP is GDP using that year’s dollar values Real GDP is GDP using constant dollars ( real GDP is adjusted for inflation) and is a more accurate measure of economic growth Limitations of GDP A. GDP numbers do not tell the composition of a country’s output ...
Economic growth 2008-2013 Initial conditions
... The economic growth has returned to much of the Europe. However serious challenges remain, especially on fiscal and structural front. Giving up further reforms or even worse going back on fiscal and structural change, would unavoidably create another wave of crisis, with related political upheavals. ...
... The economic growth has returned to much of the Europe. However serious challenges remain, especially on fiscal and structural front. Giving up further reforms or even worse going back on fiscal and structural change, would unavoidably create another wave of crisis, with related political upheavals. ...
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... policies in the three major currency areas are mutually reinforcing. Raising national saving in the United States would help reduce global current account imbalances and thus the cost of the inevitable adjustment. Similarly, accelerating growth in the euro area and Japan would in turn boost prospect ...
... policies in the three major currency areas are mutually reinforcing. Raising national saving in the United States would help reduce global current account imbalances and thus the cost of the inevitable adjustment. Similarly, accelerating growth in the euro area and Japan would in turn boost prospect ...
ECON 1100 – Global Economics (Section 03) Exam #2 – Spring
... Exam #2 – Spring 2012 (Version B) – Answer Key ...
... Exam #2 – Spring 2012 (Version B) – Answer Key ...
Brazil - IPC IG
... public investments, mainly those made by state companies; and the increase in formalisation of the labour market, with 13 million formal jobs created between 2003 and 2012. The achievements of these policies have been remarkable. Estimates show that poverty in Brazil has been reduced by 50.7 per cen ...
... public investments, mainly those made by state companies; and the increase in formalisation of the labour market, with 13 million formal jobs created between 2003 and 2012. The achievements of these policies have been remarkable. Estimates show that poverty in Brazil has been reduced by 50.7 per cen ...
The AD-AS Model: Short-run vs. Long-run Equilibrium Long
... Long-run equilibrium occurs where the AD, SRAS, and LRAS curves all intersect. At this point, the economy is producing its potential GDP, resources are fully employed, and the natural rate of unemployment prevails. While the AD-AS model is much more complex than the PPC model, it may be helpful to p ...
... Long-run equilibrium occurs where the AD, SRAS, and LRAS curves all intersect. At this point, the economy is producing its potential GDP, resources are fully employed, and the natural rate of unemployment prevails. While the AD-AS model is much more complex than the PPC model, it may be helpful to p ...
Venzuela_en.pdf
... for the same period in 2006), while revenue was up by 13.8% (43.5% for the same period in 2006). Current revenue and spending are increasing very slowly in real terms. For the year as a whole, the fiscal balance is expected to be close to the 2006 level. There were a number of changes in tax policy ...
... for the same period in 2006), while revenue was up by 13.8% (43.5% for the same period in 2006). Current revenue and spending are increasing very slowly in real terms. For the year as a whole, the fiscal balance is expected to be close to the 2006 level. There were a number of changes in tax policy ...
The Notorious Employment Report,Knowing your
... recover during recessions. Although the secular trend was down, ...
... recover during recessions. Although the secular trend was down, ...
Principles of Economics, Case/Fair/Oster, 11e
... mines are depleted, more and more capital must be used for obtaining resources, leaving less to be invested for future growth. Finally, investment cannot keep up with depreciation and the industrial base collapses, taking with it the service and agricultural systems, which have become dependent on i ...
... mines are depleted, more and more capital must be used for obtaining resources, leaving less to be invested for future growth. Finally, investment cannot keep up with depreciation and the industrial base collapses, taking with it the service and agricultural systems, which have become dependent on i ...
Sidang Akhbar Prestasi Ekonomi pada Suku Pertama Tahun 2015
... − While growth in the regional economies is slower, it will continue to remain an important growth center in the global economy − Downsides risks remain, with the international financial markets affected by shifts in global liquidity and investor sentiments. ...
... − While growth in the regional economies is slower, it will continue to remain an important growth center in the global economy − Downsides risks remain, with the international financial markets affected by shifts in global liquidity and investor sentiments. ...
May 6, 2016
... since last September. However, a positive detail in the report is that hiring in high-paying sector appears to have broadened out, helping to raise average hourly earnings by +0.3% on the month and +2.5% from a year earlier. In a separate report from payroll processor ADP, private sector employers a ...
... since last September. However, a positive detail in the report is that hiring in high-paying sector appears to have broadened out, helping to raise average hourly earnings by +0.3% on the month and +2.5% from a year earlier. In a separate report from payroll processor ADP, private sector employers a ...
Protecting the Poor During Crises: Russia Daria
... 2008 given the existing system of social transfers. The latter is mainly used to compensate for the flaws in other institutions (the pension system) and does not provide adequate level of support to the poor. The future poverty reduction will be possible only due to the development of the programs o ...
... 2008 given the existing system of social transfers. The latter is mainly used to compensate for the flaws in other institutions (the pension system) and does not provide adequate level of support to the poor. The future poverty reduction will be possible only due to the development of the programs o ...
Economic growth
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gdp_accumulated_change.png?width=300)
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.