public investment and competitiveness in ecowas:an empirical
... services, connects citizens and companies to economic opportunities. • It also serves as an important catalyst for economic growth. • After three years of decline, public investment has started to recover as a share of GDP in emerging markets and low income developing countries but remains at histor ...
... services, connects citizens and companies to economic opportunities. • It also serves as an important catalyst for economic growth. • After three years of decline, public investment has started to recover as a share of GDP in emerging markets and low income developing countries but remains at histor ...
FRBSF L CONOMIC
... of asset prices in mature financial markets affected financial institutions worldwide, including those in Asia. Second, global trade declined in the second half of 2008 at the fastest rate since World War II. Because many Asian countries rely heavily on exports for economic growth, the decline in ex ...
... of asset prices in mature financial markets affected financial institutions worldwide, including those in Asia. Second, global trade declined in the second half of 2008 at the fastest rate since World War II. Because many Asian countries rely heavily on exports for economic growth, the decline in ex ...
Problem Set 1
... 5) The total market value of all final goods and services produced within a given period by factors of production located within a country is a. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) b. Gross National Product (GNP) c. Net National Product (NNP) d. Net National Income (NNI) 6) Which of the following is includ ...
... 5) The total market value of all final goods and services produced within a given period by factors of production located within a country is a. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) b. Gross National Product (GNP) c. Net National Product (NNP) d. Net National Income (NNI) 6) Which of the following is includ ...
(b) Stabilization funds: the lost paradise?
... This strategy implies costs arising from spread between private sector’s cost of short-term borrowing abroad and the yield Central Banks earn on liquid foreign assets. According to Rodrik (2005), social costs of holding reserves can amount to 1% of developing countries’ GDP (assuming spread of 5 ...
... This strategy implies costs arising from spread between private sector’s cost of short-term borrowing abroad and the yield Central Banks earn on liquid foreign assets. According to Rodrik (2005), social costs of holding reserves can amount to 1% of developing countries’ GDP (assuming spread of 5 ...
Special Topics *International Business and Enterprise
... what is referred to as the business cycle, the Kondratieff Wave holds that these fluctuations are in fact part of a much longer cycle periods known as “super cycles” that last between 50-60 years or longer depending upon factors such as technology, life expectancy, etc ...
... what is referred to as the business cycle, the Kondratieff Wave holds that these fluctuations are in fact part of a much longer cycle periods known as “super cycles” that last between 50-60 years or longer depending upon factors such as technology, life expectancy, etc ...
Chapter 6 Economic Growth: Malthus and Solow
... 19) In the Malthusian model, state-mandated population control policies are likely to A) decrease the equilibrium size of the population and increase the equilibrium level of consumption per worker. B) decrease the equilibrium size of the population and have no effect on the equilibrium level of con ...
... 19) In the Malthusian model, state-mandated population control policies are likely to A) decrease the equilibrium size of the population and increase the equilibrium level of consumption per worker. B) decrease the equilibrium size of the population and have no effect on the equilibrium level of con ...
Press release “Digital divide is now a digital chasm
... [Shenzhen, China, April 17, 2017] Digitally-developed economies around the globe are continuing to progress due to larger investments and adoptions in Information Communication Technology. At the same time, digitally-developing economies have also started to accelerate their growth by investing stra ...
... [Shenzhen, China, April 17, 2017] Digitally-developed economies around the globe are continuing to progress due to larger investments and adoptions in Information Communication Technology. At the same time, digitally-developing economies have also started to accelerate their growth by investing stra ...
Click to edit Master title style
... Why is there low productivity? Is competitiveness the problem? ...
... Why is there low productivity? Is competitiveness the problem? ...
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... (NBER) is responsible for the dating of the US business cycle.2 The NBER describes the concept as follows: “a recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial productio ...
... (NBER) is responsible for the dating of the US business cycle.2 The NBER describes the concept as follows: “a recession is a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial productio ...
Speech to the Arizona Council on Economic Education Scottsdale, Arizona
... economy—have been largely allayed. As I mentioned, long-term rates have remained low, and that has helped to cushion the downturn in housing activity. Likewise, the fears about plummeting house prices have not materialized at the national level, though some pockets of the country have seen house pri ...
... economy—have been largely allayed. As I mentioned, long-term rates have remained low, and that has helped to cushion the downturn in housing activity. Likewise, the fears about plummeting house prices have not materialized at the national level, though some pockets of the country have seen house pri ...
022.en
... communication contributed to the increase of the GDP the most due to the strong growth in software development services. The growth of value added of trade was the highest in the comparison of the last four years mainly due to a stable growth in retail and wholesale trade. Although the value added o ...
... communication contributed to the increase of the GDP the most due to the strong growth in software development services. The growth of value added of trade was the highest in the comparison of the last four years mainly due to a stable growth in retail and wholesale trade. Although the value added o ...
Globalization and the Industrial Revolution!
... the industrial revolution as it allowed the economy to shift resources to the production of manufactured goods without facing food and raw material crisis. Consequently, as opposed to one-good models (Hansen and Prescott(2005), Ngai(2004)) in which the industrial revolution is associated with a tran ...
... the industrial revolution as it allowed the economy to shift resources to the production of manufactured goods without facing food and raw material crisis. Consequently, as opposed to one-good models (Hansen and Prescott(2005), Ngai(2004)) in which the industrial revolution is associated with a tran ...
Current assessment and global implications
... global GDP decreases by about 1 percent compared to the baseline. Given the currently observed moderate growth rates of global GDP, this implies the world economy enter a “growth recession”, i.e. an expansion of global GDP by less than 3 percent. Part of this reduction, however, is directly attribut ...
... global GDP decreases by about 1 percent compared to the baseline. Given the currently observed moderate growth rates of global GDP, this implies the world economy enter a “growth recession”, i.e. an expansion of global GDP by less than 3 percent. Part of this reduction, however, is directly attribut ...
Chapter 31 The business cycle
... Some commentators have suggested that there is a political business cycle whereby governments adopt tight monetary and fiscal policy soon after an election but then adopt more expansionary policies as the election approaches to encourage a ‘feel-good’ factor ...
... Some commentators have suggested that there is a political business cycle whereby governments adopt tight monetary and fiscal policy soon after an election but then adopt more expansionary policies as the election approaches to encourage a ‘feel-good’ factor ...
National income accounting:
... Thus, private real saving = 190-70-100=20. Government real saving = T-GC=70-40=30. 2+1 = 3 points 2A. In the Keynesian model for a closed economy, what is the effect of expansionary fiscal policy (a higher G or a lower T) on the real interest rate, private investment, output, and private consumption ...
... Thus, private real saving = 190-70-100=20. Government real saving = T-GC=70-40=30. 2+1 = 3 points 2A. In the Keynesian model for a closed economy, what is the effect of expansionary fiscal policy (a higher G or a lower T) on the real interest rate, private investment, output, and private consumption ...
Ребаланс буџета и фискална политика у 2008. години
... • Use regulatory reform to create a more favorable climate for growth of private investments and employment ...
... • Use regulatory reform to create a more favorable climate for growth of private investments and employment ...
Dualsim and Two Sector Models
... • Improvements in agricultural productivity to prevent excessive increases in industrial real wage which would slow down relative transfer of labor form traditional agricultural to modern industrial sector • Controversial with some economists finding transition points in East Asia, but others not • ...
... • Improvements in agricultural productivity to prevent excessive increases in industrial real wage which would slow down relative transfer of labor form traditional agricultural to modern industrial sector • Controversial with some economists finding transition points in East Asia, but others not • ...
Freedom and Economic Growth
... growth. Dawson (2003) found that the level of overall economic freedom, and most of its underlying components, are Granger-caused by the level of political and individual liberties. Justesen (2008) finds that some (but not all) aspects of economic freedom affect economic growth and investment. Thus ...
... growth. Dawson (2003) found that the level of overall economic freedom, and most of its underlying components, are Granger-caused by the level of political and individual liberties. Justesen (2008) finds that some (but not all) aspects of economic freedom affect economic growth and investment. Thus ...
lec.13
... Prof. Heizo Takenaka (Keio Univ.)— “New Growth Strategy is better received abroad than a year ago.” Japan Economic Journal (June 30, 2014)— “This is the 9th Growth Strategy of the Japanese government since 2001. None of the past Strategies produced results. Their contents were more or less similar: ...
... Prof. Heizo Takenaka (Keio Univ.)— “New Growth Strategy is better received abroad than a year ago.” Japan Economic Journal (June 30, 2014)— “This is the 9th Growth Strategy of the Japanese government since 2001. None of the past Strategies produced results. Their contents were more or less similar: ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.