שקופית 1
... Since 2003, gross public debt has been on a consistent downward trend, only interrupted by the extraordinary circumstances surrounding the 2009 global economic crisis ...
... Since 2003, gross public debt has been on a consistent downward trend, only interrupted by the extraordinary circumstances surrounding the 2009 global economic crisis ...
Document
... The choice by news services whether to frame GDP growth Correlation between governments and press releases (% GDP) as 1-quarter vs. year-over-year is correlated with the choice by government agencies that release it. ...
... The choice by news services whether to frame GDP growth Correlation between governments and press releases (% GDP) as 1-quarter vs. year-over-year is correlated with the choice by government agencies that release it. ...
Variety, Competition, and Population in Economic
... are extremely large, and larger than the corresponding (productivity) gains coming from specialization, then having more population (hence, more researchers, and ultimately more ideas) in the economy leads in the long-run to a lower per capita income growth rate.2 In this case, our model also sugges ...
... are extremely large, and larger than the corresponding (productivity) gains coming from specialization, then having more population (hence, more researchers, and ultimately more ideas) in the economy leads in the long-run to a lower per capita income growth rate.2 In this case, our model also sugges ...
Presentation of Ms. Sandra Polaski (ILO)
... Effects of decrease in labour income share • Hurts household consumption and can thus create shortfalls in aggregate demand. •In some countries these shortfalls can be compensated by increasing net exports, but not all countries can run a current account surplus at the same time. A strategy of cutti ...
... Effects of decrease in labour income share • Hurts household consumption and can thus create shortfalls in aggregate demand. •In some countries these shortfalls can be compensated by increasing net exports, but not all countries can run a current account surplus at the same time. A strategy of cutti ...
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY: THE KEY ECONOMIC GROWTH INSTITUTION Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira
... cases, the monopolistic advantages is secured by means of new technologies or new ways of organization production; in others, however, as in the opening of new markets, or the organization of cartels (which Schumpeter did not hesitate to include among forms of innovation), there is no direct technic ...
... cases, the monopolistic advantages is secured by means of new technologies or new ways of organization production; in others, however, as in the opening of new markets, or the organization of cartels (which Schumpeter did not hesitate to include among forms of innovation), there is no direct technic ...
A Perspective on the Growth Process in India and China
... They got created as a consequence of colonial penetration into these economies, where, in addition to de-industrialization, the forcible introduction of a commodity economy in the context of an unpaid appropriation of economic surplus by the metropolis also played a crucial role. By contrast, today’ ...
... They got created as a consequence of colonial penetration into these economies, where, in addition to de-industrialization, the forcible introduction of a commodity economy in the context of an unpaid appropriation of economic surplus by the metropolis also played a crucial role. By contrast, today’ ...
Robert NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PUBLIC FINANCE IN MODELS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH
... The recent literature on endogenous economic growth allows for effects of fiscal policy on long-term growth. If the social rate of return on investment exceeds the private return, then tax policies that encourage investment can raise the growth rate and levels of utility. An excess of the social ret ...
... The recent literature on endogenous economic growth allows for effects of fiscal policy on long-term growth. If the social rate of return on investment exceeds the private return, then tax policies that encourage investment can raise the growth rate and levels of utility. An excess of the social ret ...
PDF
... economic growth rates underlying our updated specification are consistent with the historical Asian experience. As discussed above, China’s energy intensity was in decline prior to 2000, after which it has risen slightly. The sample countries all had lower energy intensity than China in 2006 in the ...
... economic growth rates underlying our updated specification are consistent with the historical Asian experience. As discussed above, China’s energy intensity was in decline prior to 2000, after which it has risen slightly. The sample countries all had lower energy intensity than China in 2006 in the ...
Unit 2 study Guide
... Key facts about economic growth in the United States. 1. Economic growth provides impressive gains in the well being of individuals over the long term. 2. Economic growth is temporarily interrupted by recessions. 3. Unemployment rises before recessions and decline during and after recessions. The mo ...
... Key facts about economic growth in the United States. 1. Economic growth provides impressive gains in the well being of individuals over the long term. 2. Economic growth is temporarily interrupted by recessions. 3. Unemployment rises before recessions and decline during and after recessions. The mo ...
II P E
... while the U.S. GDP price deflator (which reflects the costs of all goods and services produced in the economy) was up just 1.3 percent. ...
... while the U.S. GDP price deflator (which reflects the costs of all goods and services produced in the economy) was up just 1.3 percent. ...
Growth Patterns and Inequality in The Presence
... towards two forms of redistribution: one form of redistribution is adoption-cost reducing expenditure, while the other form of redistributive expenditure is a lump-sum transfer. The political equilibrium is characterized by situations in which the agents at the lower end of the distribution may infl ...
... towards two forms of redistribution: one form of redistribution is adoption-cost reducing expenditure, while the other form of redistributive expenditure is a lump-sum transfer. The political equilibrium is characterized by situations in which the agents at the lower end of the distribution may infl ...
Economic Outlook Symposium: Summary of 2016 results and 2017
... from the Great Recession has been going fairly well, though its pace has been rather slow, he said. Consumer spending has been restrained since the financial crisis, and households have repaired their balance sheets, increasing their savings rate to just below 6% of their disposable income (a healt ...
... from the Great Recession has been going fairly well, though its pace has been rather slow, he said. Consumer spending has been restrained since the financial crisis, and households have repaired their balance sheets, increasing their savings rate to just below 6% of their disposable income (a healt ...
down - Asia KLEMS
... • The “Third Arrow” of Abenomics stresses the importance of improving service sector productivity. • In order to plan effective policy measures, we should understand the nature of services ― “simultaneous production and consumption.” As a result, capacity utilization rate is a key to improve “measur ...
... • The “Third Arrow” of Abenomics stresses the importance of improving service sector productivity. • In order to plan effective policy measures, we should understand the nature of services ― “simultaneous production and consumption.” As a result, capacity utilization rate is a key to improve “measur ...
Benefiting from Unbalanced Growth
... the location; and (2) logistics if the advantage is due to relative closeness to local and distant consumers.2 We use agglomeration economies to qualify the benefits to growth caused by population density. A higher density of population offers firms a higher potential to observe agglomeration econom ...
... the location; and (2) logistics if the advantage is due to relative closeness to local and distant consumers.2 We use agglomeration economies to qualify the benefits to growth caused by population density. A higher density of population offers firms a higher potential to observe agglomeration econom ...
Document
... Research and Development Technological progress is the main reason why living standards rise over the long run. ...
... Research and Development Technological progress is the main reason why living standards rise over the long run. ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
... same pairs. The correlation coefficient is found to be negative, large, and significant. The interpretation is that persistent high deficits generate idiosyncratic shocks (idiosyncratic fiscal instability) and therefore idiosyncratic business cycle dynamics. When budget deficits decrease, business c ...
... same pairs. The correlation coefficient is found to be negative, large, and significant. The interpretation is that persistent high deficits generate idiosyncratic shocks (idiosyncratic fiscal instability) and therefore idiosyncratic business cycle dynamics. When budget deficits decrease, business c ...
News release PwC economists reveal predictions for 2016
... almost 3% and so contribute to around two-thirds of overall G7 growth in 2016. It is also expected that the US will continue to create an average of around 200,000 jobs per month, helping to sustain consumer spending growth. However, the US won’t have an easy run to the title of the fastest growing ...
... almost 3% and so contribute to around two-thirds of overall G7 growth in 2016. It is also expected that the US will continue to create an average of around 200,000 jobs per month, helping to sustain consumer spending growth. However, the US won’t have an easy run to the title of the fastest growing ...
Capitalist Development in the Twentieth Century - Assets
... activity. The fourfold increase in real per capita income since the early years of the twentieth century is not the result of balanced growth, with output expanding at the same rate in every sector. Instead, growth has been accompanied by large shifts in the composition of output and in the sectoral ...
... activity. The fourfold increase in real per capita income since the early years of the twentieth century is not the result of balanced growth, with output expanding at the same rate in every sector. Instead, growth has been accompanied by large shifts in the composition of output and in the sectoral ...
What is behind discrepancies between growth in GDP and
... and unit labour costs. Moreover, if the share of product taxes (minus subsidies) in GDP varies significantly over the economic cycle, economy-wide developments in productivity and unit labour costs based on GDP will deviate from those implied by sectoral developments. Empirical discrepancies between ...
... and unit labour costs. Moreover, if the share of product taxes (minus subsidies) in GDP varies significantly over the economic cycle, economy-wide developments in productivity and unit labour costs based on GDP will deviate from those implied by sectoral developments. Empirical discrepancies between ...
Jacob Schulman
... B. Increased labor inputs depend on size of population and labor force participation rate (the percent of population that is part of the labor force) C. Productivity is determined by technological progress, availability of capical goods, quality of labor itself, efficiency D. Labor Force Participati ...
... B. Increased labor inputs depend on size of population and labor force participation rate (the percent of population that is part of the labor force) C. Productivity is determined by technological progress, availability of capical goods, quality of labor itself, efficiency D. Labor Force Participati ...
Report - Bank of England
... central bank reserves remains at £375 billion throughout the forecast period. To the left of the vertical dashed line, the distribution reflects the likelihood of revisions to the data over the past; to the right, it reflects uncertainty over the evolution of GDP growth in the future. If economic ci ...
... central bank reserves remains at £375 billion throughout the forecast period. To the left of the vertical dashed line, the distribution reflects the likelihood of revisions to the data over the past; to the right, it reflects uncertainty over the evolution of GDP growth in the future. If economic ci ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.