According to the treaty of European Union (Maastricht Treaty), a
... However, industrial adjustment does not imply industrial transformation and long-term growth effects, if the model does not incorporate the specification of an endogenous response in the change of the capital stock. The change of the capital stock is a dynamic process in a dual sense dismantling of ...
... However, industrial adjustment does not imply industrial transformation and long-term growth effects, if the model does not incorporate the specification of an endogenous response in the change of the capital stock. The change of the capital stock is a dynamic process in a dual sense dismantling of ...
The Productivity Paradox of the New Digital Economy
... Despite a rapid increase in business spending on capital and services in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the New Digital Economy (mobile technology, the internet, and cloud) has not yet generated any visible improvement in productivity growth. This article reviews the latest evidence ...
... Despite a rapid increase in business spending on capital and services in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the New Digital Economy (mobile technology, the internet, and cloud) has not yet generated any visible improvement in productivity growth. This article reviews the latest evidence ...
OPINION
... United States is 9.6 hectares per capita, compared with 0.5 hectares in Bangladesh. Without a change in policy these problems will only increase. Erosion and desertification are constantly reducing the amount of productive land available, and an increasing world population means that ever more peopl ...
... United States is 9.6 hectares per capita, compared with 0.5 hectares in Bangladesh. Without a change in policy these problems will only increase. Erosion and desertification are constantly reducing the amount of productive land available, and an increasing world population means that ever more peopl ...
labour productivity as a factor of competitiveness
... which a nation’s labour and capital are used. A nation’s prosperity 3 is sometimes diagnosed from the point of view of trade flows, monetary, fiscal and budget policies. While it is argued that economic value is only created by enterprises and that nations can only establish an environment for hinde ...
... which a nation’s labour and capital are used. A nation’s prosperity 3 is sometimes diagnosed from the point of view of trade flows, monetary, fiscal and budget policies. While it is argued that economic value is only created by enterprises and that nations can only establish an environment for hinde ...
The changing pattern of East Asia`s growth
... another than with the United States or European Union. In particular, the business cycles of the NIEs and the ASEAN4 exhibit high levels of correlation with each other and with that of China in the most recent period, after showing low levels of correlation in the early 1980s. Japanese growth has al ...
... another than with the United States or European Union. In particular, the business cycles of the NIEs and the ASEAN4 exhibit high levels of correlation with each other and with that of China in the most recent period, after showing low levels of correlation in the early 1980s. Japanese growth has al ...
Session 11
... What does the circular flow chart for households and firms show? It shows how money circulates in the economy. It shows how GDP can be calculated The value of final goods = how much people spend on them= expenditures GDP = C + I+ G + X-M ...
... What does the circular flow chart for households and firms show? It shows how money circulates in the economy. It shows how GDP can be calculated The value of final goods = how much people spend on them= expenditures GDP = C + I+ G + X-M ...
Mankiw 6e PowerPoints
... The model of aggregate demand and supply The paradigm most mainstream economists and policymakers use to think about economic fluctuations and policies to stabilize the economy ...
... The model of aggregate demand and supply The paradigm most mainstream economists and policymakers use to think about economic fluctuations and policies to stabilize the economy ...
Rapid Economic Growth and Its Sustainability in China
... also to labour. In effect, the first source of economic growth based on the accumulation of production factors will be out-dated when the economy matures. This leaves efficiency improvement as the only viable option to increase or sustain economic growth rate in the long run. This is the healthiest ...
... also to labour. In effect, the first source of economic growth based on the accumulation of production factors will be out-dated when the economy matures. This leaves efficiency improvement as the only viable option to increase or sustain economic growth rate in the long run. This is the healthiest ...
“Celso Furtado and the Structuralist
... According to Furtado, Brazilian balance of payments pressure was caused by the fact that the demand for capital goods (largely imported) tended to increase more rapidly than income when the rate of economic growth went up. Since the importing capacity did not in average keep up with the growth of im ...
... According to Furtado, Brazilian balance of payments pressure was caused by the fact that the demand for capital goods (largely imported) tended to increase more rapidly than income when the rate of economic growth went up. Since the importing capacity did not in average keep up with the growth of im ...
The R 2 and the t
... provide the best information, but if you run a lot of them, you can average out the noise to find the truth. To illustrate that point I have successively trimmed more and more data from the sample and computed the corresponding regression. The numbers are reported in Table 1 below. If all the quarte ...
... provide the best information, but if you run a lot of them, you can average out the noise to find the truth. To illustrate that point I have successively trimmed more and more data from the sample and computed the corresponding regression. The numbers are reported in Table 1 below. If all the quarte ...
Pro-poor growth? - The Economics Network
... Based largely on the conflicting progress of East Asia (e.g. South Korea and Taiwan) and Latin America. Latin America: notoriously unequal in income distribution (Brazil regularly found to have the highest Gini coefficient). ...
... Based largely on the conflicting progress of East Asia (e.g. South Korea and Taiwan) and Latin America. Latin America: notoriously unequal in income distribution (Brazil regularly found to have the highest Gini coefficient). ...
this PDF file
... government expenditure on economic growth. In this regard, several studies report a significantly negative impact of the share of government expenditure on growth rates, in line with the hypothesis that smaller governments are associated with greater economic growth rates. Grier and Tullock (1989) a ...
... government expenditure on economic growth. In this regard, several studies report a significantly negative impact of the share of government expenditure on growth rates, in line with the hypothesis that smaller governments are associated with greater economic growth rates. Grier and Tullock (1989) a ...
The Great Shift : Macroeconomic projections For the - Hal-SHS
... Based on the same arithmetic and simple assumptions about productivity and demographic trends, Fogel (2007) predicts that the three largest economies in the world in 2040 will be China (40%), ahead of the United States (US) (14%) and India (12%). However, the growth process is far from being mechani ...
... Based on the same arithmetic and simple assumptions about productivity and demographic trends, Fogel (2007) predicts that the three largest economies in the world in 2040 will be China (40%), ahead of the United States (US) (14%) and India (12%). However, the growth process is far from being mechani ...
View/Open
... 1994 election campaign and its first period of government thereafter. The Reconstruction and Development Programme (1994: 78) outlined as its objectives, that ―Reconstruction and Development would be achieved through the leading and enabling role of the State, a thriving private sector, and active i ...
... 1994 election campaign and its first period of government thereafter. The Reconstruction and Development Programme (1994: 78) outlined as its objectives, that ―Reconstruction and Development would be achieved through the leading and enabling role of the State, a thriving private sector, and active i ...
ECONOMIC INSIGHT MONTHLY BRIEFING FROM ICAEW’S ECONOMIC ADVISERS DECEMBER 2011
... 2012 set to be another tough year as ‘flat is the new growth’ The economic outlook has darkened as the eurozone crisis rumbles on and UK consumers remain squeezed by real income declines caused by the surging cost of living and weak earnings growth. While inflation looks set to fall back sharply in ...
... 2012 set to be another tough year as ‘flat is the new growth’ The economic outlook has darkened as the eurozone crisis rumbles on and UK consumers remain squeezed by real income declines caused by the surging cost of living and weak earnings growth. While inflation looks set to fall back sharply in ...
ch01
... • The faster the growth of the labor force, the lower will be the economy’s steady-state capital-output ratio – the larger the share of current investment that must go to equip new workers with the capital they need ...
... • The faster the growth of the labor force, the lower will be the economy’s steady-state capital-output ratio – the larger the share of current investment that must go to equip new workers with the capital they need ...
Fiscal policy, long-run growth, and welfare in a stock
... non-decreasing returns to accumulatable factors as, for instance, in Romer (1989) and Rebelo (1991). Within the framework of growth models with constant returns to a ‘broad concept’ of capital, Barro (1990) showed how the presence of a flow of public services as an input in the production function o ...
... non-decreasing returns to accumulatable factors as, for instance, in Romer (1989) and Rebelo (1991). Within the framework of growth models with constant returns to a ‘broad concept’ of capital, Barro (1990) showed how the presence of a flow of public services as an input in the production function o ...
Download article PDF version
... faster than the rate of 1.6 percent annually from 2004-14, but much slower than the 3.0-percent-and-higher annual growth rate experienced in the four prior decades. GDP growth is driven by growth in labor force supply and labor force productivity; the latter is expected to increase at an average ann ...
... faster than the rate of 1.6 percent annually from 2004-14, but much slower than the 3.0-percent-and-higher annual growth rate experienced in the four prior decades. GDP growth is driven by growth in labor force supply and labor force productivity; the latter is expected to increase at an average ann ...
White paper The Economic Impact of IT, Software, and the Microsoft
... The 81 countries and regions that this study covers can be clustered into four major groups: (1) The large, developed IT economies, such as Japan, U.S., Canada, UK, France, Germany, and Italy. These seven countries alone account for two-thirds of IT spending worldwide and three-quarters of spending ...
... The 81 countries and regions that this study covers can be clustered into four major groups: (1) The large, developed IT economies, such as Japan, U.S., Canada, UK, France, Germany, and Italy. These seven countries alone account for two-thirds of IT spending worldwide and three-quarters of spending ...
Macroeconomic equilibrium
... The Business Cycle and the AD/AS model The figure below illustrates the Business/Trade Cycle. This is the periodic fluctuations in economic activity measured by changes in real GDP. We can generally see a pattern where there are periods of rising growth, followed by periods of slowing growth. The a ...
... The Business Cycle and the AD/AS model The figure below illustrates the Business/Trade Cycle. This is the periodic fluctuations in economic activity measured by changes in real GDP. We can generally see a pattern where there are periods of rising growth, followed by periods of slowing growth. The a ...
Status of industrial sector (cont.)
... c) Egalitarian growth as an objective (cont.) •Caring too much for equality from the beginning leads to distortion •Growth may stagnate as one discourages growth propelling entrepreneurs by income distribution •Thus, the result may be low equilibrium – i.e. too equal and stagnant society •Korea in t ...
... c) Egalitarian growth as an objective (cont.) •Caring too much for equality from the beginning leads to distortion •Growth may stagnate as one discourages growth propelling entrepreneurs by income distribution •Thus, the result may be low equilibrium – i.e. too equal and stagnant society •Korea in t ...
Economic growth
Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. Of more importance is the growth of the ratio of GDP to population (GDP per capita, which is also called per capita income). An increase in growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as physical capital, population, or territory) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use is called extensive growth.In economics, ""economic growth"" or ""economic growth theory"" typically refers to growth of potential output, i.e., production at ""full employment"". As an area of study, economic growth is generally distinguished from development economics. The former is primarily the study of how countries can advance their economies. The latter is the study of the economic development process particularly in low-income countries.Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure.