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is social capital really capital?
is social capital really capital?

... Narayan and Pritchett (1997:3) define “capital” as something accumulated which contributes to higher income or better outcomes. The “something” is only described as horizontal connections and linkages without further definition. Then, they describe five processes in which social capital changes outc ...
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... order   is   at   all   possible   given   the   scarcity   of   material  resources.   The   answer   of   classical   sociologists   to   this   question   revolved   around   the   concept   of   solidarity.   Their   understanding   of   so ...
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SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY AND THE PROBLEM OF COLLECTIVE

... Since the nineteenth century beginnings of sociological theory, there has been much attention paid to individuals as actors and to societies, systems and structures. This stems from a commitment to some underlying tenets of the Enlightenment, even though it is not necessarily acknowledged, and from ...
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Diving in Magma - Tommaso Venturini

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A Nobel Trinity: Jane Addams, Emily Greene Balch and Alva Myrdal

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The Second Road to Phenomenological Sociology

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... work, the theorizing has tended to be Foucauldian (see Cohen, 1985; Simon, 1993; Robinson, 2002) or, more rarely, Marxist (see Young, 1976). We might crudely summarise the analyses as converging in a depiction of probation primarily as a disciplinary technology directed at the urban poor, at least w ...
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CHAPTER 1 - We can offer most test bank and solution manual you

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Social exclusion

Social exclusion (or marginalization) is social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society. It is a term used widely in Europe, and was first used in France. It is used across disciplines including education, sociology, psychology, politics and economics.Social exclusion is the process in which individuals or entire communities of people are systematically blocked from (or denied full access to) various rights, opportunities and resources that are normally available to members of a different group, and which are fundamental to social integration within that particular group (e.g., housing, employment, healthcare, civic engagement, democratic participation, and due process).Alienation or disenfranchisement resulting from social exclusion is often connected to a person's social class, educational status, childhood relationships, living standards, or personal choices in fashion.Such exclusionary forms of discrimination may also apply to people with a disability, minorities, members of the LGBT community, drug users, Care Leavers, ""seniors"", or young people. Anyone who appears to deviate in any way from the ""perceived norm"" of a population may thereby become subject to coarse or subtle forms of social exclusion.The outcome of social exclusion is that affected individuals or communities are prevented from participating fully in the economic, social, and political life of the society in which they live.Most of the characteristics listed in this article are present together in studies of social exclusion, due to exclusion's multidimensionality.Another way of articulating the definition of social exclusion is as follows:One model to conceptualize social exclusion and inclusion is that they are on a continuum on a vertical plane below and above the 'social horizon'. According to this model, there are ten social structures that impact exclusion and can fluctuate over time: race, geographic location, class structure, globalization, social issues, personal habits and appearance, education, religion, economics and politics.In an alternative conceptualization, social exclusion theoretically emerges at the individual or group level on four correlated dimensions: insufficient access to social rights, material deprivation, limited social participation and a lack of normative integration. It is then regarded as the combined result of personal risk factors (age, gender, race); macro-societal changes (demographic, economic and labor market developments, technological innovation, the evolution of social norms); government legislation and social policy; and the actual behavior of businesses, administrative organisations and fellow citizens.An inherent problem with the term, however, is the tendency of its use by practitioners who define it to fit their argument.
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