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China`s Economic Development since 1949
... 2010 Per capita GDP RMB 29,992 (about $4,837) 79 times higher than 1978 when reforms began. 1978- 2010 China’s GDP grew 9.99% pa on average. In the last year GDP rose 7.3%. Industrial production rose 8.6%. Unemployment 4.1% (“Economist”financial data 5/4/2014). ...
... 2010 Per capita GDP RMB 29,992 (about $4,837) 79 times higher than 1978 when reforms began. 1978- 2010 China’s GDP grew 9.99% pa on average. In the last year GDP rose 7.3%. Industrial production rose 8.6%. Unemployment 4.1% (“Economist”financial data 5/4/2014). ...
euro crisis – is 2013 the end of it
... We need to re-inject hope and confidence but the crisis in the euro area is being sustained by three negative feedback loops that amplify shocks : 1. Solvency fears for banks are feeding on each other due to government guarantees for banks and bank holdings of government bonds. 2. The possibility of ...
... We need to re-inject hope and confidence but the crisis in the euro area is being sustained by three negative feedback loops that amplify shocks : 1. Solvency fears for banks are feeding on each other due to government guarantees for banks and bank holdings of government bonds. 2. The possibility of ...
American Dilemmas - St. Edward's University
... • A Shift Away from the First Two Sectors • A Service Based Economy – Affluent service jobs – Welfare service – Service Jobs ...
... • A Shift Away from the First Two Sectors • A Service Based Economy – Affluent service jobs – Welfare service – Service Jobs ...
The Business Cycle
... Classical Theory • According to the classical view, the economy “self-adjusts” to deviations from its long-term growth trend – a self-regulating economy • The cornerstones of classical optimism were flexible prices and flexible wages ...
... Classical Theory • According to the classical view, the economy “self-adjusts” to deviations from its long-term growth trend – a self-regulating economy • The cornerstones of classical optimism were flexible prices and flexible wages ...
BUSINESS CYCLE, FEDERAL RESERVE, TAXATION
... Peak/Boom – economy operating at high level. High employment, etc… Contraction – general decline in business activity. Trough – economy at lowest point, will begin expansion. Recession – economy in decline for a period of 6 months. Depression – extended period of contraction categorized by millions ...
... Peak/Boom – economy operating at high level. High employment, etc… Contraction – general decline in business activity. Trough – economy at lowest point, will begin expansion. Recession – economy in decline for a period of 6 months. Depression – extended period of contraction categorized by millions ...
Slide 1
... • Much was due to the low rate of inflation and the internet creating new business opportunities. Although, it doesn’t last. ...
... • Much was due to the low rate of inflation and the internet creating new business opportunities. Although, it doesn’t last. ...
Economy - Ch 3
... rural regions with high levels of subsistence farming. Countries that evolve their economies past the traditional level often develop into market economies or command economies. Market – A system of allocating resources based only on the interaction of market forces, such as supply and demand. A tru ...
... rural regions with high levels of subsistence farming. Countries that evolve their economies past the traditional level often develop into market economies or command economies. Market – A system of allocating resources based only on the interaction of market forces, such as supply and demand. A tru ...
Chapter 1 - Humble ISD
... • Markets are locations/mechanisms for buyers and sellers to trade. • Markets are classified as local, regional, national, global, and cyberspace. • A factor market is where you earn your incomes. • A product market is where you spend your income, centering on goods and services. ...
... • Markets are locations/mechanisms for buyers and sellers to trade. • Markets are classified as local, regional, national, global, and cyberspace. • A factor market is where you earn your incomes. • A product market is where you spend your income, centering on goods and services. ...
Structural policies in times of crisis
... the degree to which the crisis and economic downturn affects potential output through corporate restructuring, labour market adjustment and the quality of public sector activities. At the current juncture, it is crucial that governments do not delay, but rather take decisive action to implement the ...
... the degree to which the crisis and economic downturn affects potential output through corporate restructuring, labour market adjustment and the quality of public sector activities. At the current juncture, it is crucial that governments do not delay, but rather take decisive action to implement the ...
Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”)
... economists keep track of the amount of goods and services produced yearly by the nation and the amount of income people have to spend. ...
... economists keep track of the amount of goods and services produced yearly by the nation and the amount of income people have to spend. ...
The American Economy
... •Government Sector produces goods & services: national defense, health, education, transportation & housing ---- therefore receives revenue– however, most revenue comes from taxes Government sector also acts as a consumer ...
... •Government Sector produces goods & services: national defense, health, education, transportation & housing ---- therefore receives revenue– however, most revenue comes from taxes Government sector also acts as a consumer ...
Economics/Personal Finance Mr. Nielsen
... factory, but our Board of Directors is concerned that the U. S. economy is too weak to support its expansion. Recent economic reports—especially in the popular media—paint a mixed picture. Therefore, I would like to hire your firm to produce a report that describes the current state of the U.S. econ ...
... factory, but our Board of Directors is concerned that the U. S. economy is too weak to support its expansion. Recent economic reports—especially in the popular media—paint a mixed picture. Therefore, I would like to hire your firm to produce a report that describes the current state of the U.S. econ ...
What Now, President-Elect Obama
... introduce reforms in health care, the tax system and education. Finally, there must be a longrange revitalization of its infrastructure. The U.S. economy is one of the most flexible in the whole world. As long as there is a bipartisan effort to build on the strengths of the market economy and addres ...
... introduce reforms in health care, the tax system and education. Finally, there must be a longrange revitalization of its infrastructure. The U.S. economy is one of the most flexible in the whole world. As long as there is a bipartisan effort to build on the strengths of the market economy and addres ...
the business cycle
... •Macroeconomics measures these fluctuations and guides policies to keep the economy stable. •The government has the responsibility to: • Promote long-term growth. • Prevent unemployment (resulting from a bust). • Prevent inflation (resulting form a boom). ...
... •Macroeconomics measures these fluctuations and guides policies to keep the economy stable. •The government has the responsibility to: • Promote long-term growth. • Prevent unemployment (resulting from a bust). • Prevent inflation (resulting form a boom). ...
Guyana_en.pdf
... The Guyanese economy continued to post robust growth in 2011 despite the continuing difficulties in the major export markets of the United States and Europe. The estimate for 2011 is for overall growth of 4.8%, while the forecast for 2012 is for an expansion of 4%. Policymakers in Guyana are expecte ...
... The Guyanese economy continued to post robust growth in 2011 despite the continuing difficulties in the major export markets of the United States and Europe. The estimate for 2011 is for overall growth of 4.8%, while the forecast for 2012 is for an expansion of 4%. Policymakers in Guyana are expecte ...
U.S. Services Trade Surplus, 2000
... Increased Exports = More U.S. Jobs and opening new markets is the key to increasing American exports. The Trade and American Competitiveness Coalition is made up of U.S. business enterprises that support policies and legislation that will enhance U.S. competitiveness in the international economy to ...
... Increased Exports = More U.S. Jobs and opening new markets is the key to increasing American exports. The Trade and American Competitiveness Coalition is made up of U.S. business enterprises that support policies and legislation that will enhance U.S. competitiveness in the international economy to ...
Macroeconomics Domain
... Explain that overall levels of income, employment, and prices are determined by the spending and production decisions of households, businesses, government, and net exports. ...
... Explain that overall levels of income, employment, and prices are determined by the spending and production decisions of households, businesses, government, and net exports. ...
Barbados_en.pdf
... marginally to US$ 1.41 billion by September 2011, representing 4.75 months of import cover. Although the fiscal deficit narrowed slightly in 2011, continued high public debt, sluggish credit conditions and low domestic demand remain challenges to renewed growth. Gloomy growth prospects for Europe an ...
... marginally to US$ 1.41 billion by September 2011, representing 4.75 months of import cover. Although the fiscal deficit narrowed slightly in 2011, continued high public debt, sluggish credit conditions and low domestic demand remain challenges to renewed growth. Gloomy growth prospects for Europe an ...
Chapter 02 PowerPoint Presentation
... resources would run out. • This belief led the writer Thomas Carlyle to call economics “The Dismal Science.” • Neo-Malthusians believe there are too many people in the world and believe the answer is ...
... resources would run out. • This belief led the writer Thomas Carlyle to call economics “The Dismal Science.” • Neo-Malthusians believe there are too many people in the world and believe the answer is ...
Comments on *Technology Optimism* by Baily and Manyika
... – 1996-2004 was a historical aberration – 2004-2012 looks just like 1972-96, which we often call the “dismal” slowdown period – Manufacturing productivity growth 2004-2012 was as rapid as in 1948-72 ...
... – 1996-2004 was a historical aberration – 2004-2012 looks just like 1972-96, which we often call the “dismal” slowdown period – Manufacturing productivity growth 2004-2012 was as rapid as in 1948-72 ...
Transformation in economics
Transformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the ""normal"" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agricultureFrom localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industryFrom international industry (I) to global servicesFrom global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).